scholarly journals Joint Variability of Global Runoff and Global Sea Surface Temperatures

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. McCabe ◽  
David M. Wolock
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Modes Of Variability ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905–2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly temperature and precipitation data to compute time series of annual gridded runoff for the analysis period. The annual runoff time series data are combined with gridded annual sea surface temperature data, and the combined dataset is subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA) to identify the primary modes of variability. The first three components from the PCA explain 29% of the total variability in the combined runoff/SST dataset. The first component explains 15% of the total variance and primarily represents long-term trends in the data. The long-term trends in SSTs are evident as warming in all of the oceans. The associated long-term trends in runoff suggest increasing flows for parts of North America, South America, Eurasia, and Australia; decreasing runoff is most notable in western Africa. The second principal component explains 9% of the total variance and reflects variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its associated influence on global annual runoff patterns. The third component explains 5% of the total variance and indicates a response of global annual runoff to variability in North Atlantic SSTs. The association between runoff and North Atlantic SSTs may explain an apparent steplike change in runoff that occurred around 1970 for a number of continental regions.

scholarly journals A spatiotemporal reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic during Dansgaard–Oeschger events 5–8

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari F. Jensen ◽  
Aleksi Nummelin ◽  
Søren B. Nielsen ◽  
Henrik Sadatzki ◽  
Evangeline Sessford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Reconstructions

Abstract. Here, we establish a spatiotemporal evolution of the sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic over Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events 5–8 (approximately 30–40 kyr) using the proxy surrogate reconstruction method. Proxy data suggest a large variability in North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures during the DO events of the last glacial period. However, proxy data availability is limited and cannot provide a full spatial picture of the oceanic changes. Therefore, we combine fully coupled, general circulation model simulations with planktic foraminifera based sea-surface temperature reconstructions to obtain a broader spatial picture of the ocean state during DO events 5–8. The resulting spatial sea-surface temperature patterns agree over a number of different general circulation models and simulations. We find that sea-surface temperature variability over the DO events is characterized by colder conditions in the subpolar North Atlantic during stadials than during interstadials, and the variability is linked to changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation and in the sea-ice cover. Forced simulations are needed to capture the strength of the temperature variability and to reconstruct the variability in other climatic records not directly linked to the sea-surface temperature reconstructions. This is the first time the proxy surrogate reconstruction method has been applied to oceanic variability during MIS3. Our results remain robust, even when age uncertainties of proxy data, the number of available temperature reconstructions, and different climate models are considered. However, we also highlight shortcomings of the methodology that should be addressed in future implementations.

Long-term comparison of satellite and in-situ sea surface temperatures around the Korean Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong-Taek Kwak ◽  
Gwang-Ho Seo ◽  
Yang-Ki Cho ◽  
Bong-Guk Kim ◽  
Sung Hyup You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Surface Temperatures

scholarly journals Modeled and Observed Multidecadal Variability in the North Atlantic Jet Stream and Its Connection to Sea Surface Temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (20) ◽  
pp. 8313-8338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isla R. Simpson ◽  
Clara Deser ◽  
Karen A. McKinnon ◽  
Elizabeth A. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Jet Stream ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Multidecadal Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Jet

Multidecadal variability in the North Atlantic jet stream in general circulation models (GCMs) is compared with that in reanalysis products of the twentieth century. It is found that almost all models exhibit multidecadal jet stream variability that is entirely consistent with the sampling of white noise year-to-year atmospheric fluctuations. In the observed record, the variability displays a pronounced seasonality within the winter months, with greatly enhanced variability toward the late winter. This late winter variability exceeds that found in any GCM and greatly exceeds expectations from the sampling of atmospheric noise, motivating the need for an underlying explanation. The potential roles of both external forcings and internal coupled ocean–atmosphere processes are considered. While the late winter variability is not found to be closely connected with external forcing, it is found to be strongly related to the internally generated component of Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In fact, consideration of the seasonality of the jet stream variability within the winter months reveals that the AMV is far more strongly connected to jet stream variability during March than the early winter months or the winter season as a whole. Reasoning is put forward for why this connection likely represents a driving of the jet stream variability by the SSTs, although the dynamics involved remain to be understood. This analysis reveals a fundamental mismatch between late winter jet stream variability in observations and GCMs and a potential source of long-term predictability of the late winter Atlantic atmospheric circulation.

Effect of the Leeuwin Current upon sea surface temperatures off south-western Australia

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Rochford
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Leeuwin Current ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Comparison of long-term mean monthly sea surface temperatures of coastal waters at comparable latitudes off south-eastern and south-westem Australia shows that, during the duration of the Leeuwin Current in autumn and winter, sea surface temperatures are 1-3�C higher off south-western Australia.

scholarly journals Comparison of in situ time-series of temperature with gridded sea surface temperature datasets in the North Atlantic

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1467-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Hughes ◽  
N. Penny Holliday ◽  
Eugene Colbourne ◽  
Vladimir Ozhigin ◽  
Hedinn Valdimarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract Hughes, S. L., Holliday, N. P., Colbourne, E., Ozhigin, V., Valdimarsson, H., Østerhus, S., and Wiltshire, K. 2009. Comparison of in situ time-series of temperature with gridded sea surface temperature datasets in the North Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1467–1479. Analysis of the effects of climate variability and climate change on the marine ecosystem is difficult in regions where long-term observations of ocean temperature are sparse or unavailable. Gridded sea surface temperature (SST) products, based on a combination of satellite and in situ observations, can be used to examine variability and long-term trends because they provide better spatial coverage than the limited sets of long in situ time-series. SST data from three gridded products (Reynolds/NCEP OISST.v2., Reynolds ERSST.v3, and the Hadley Centre HadISST1) are compared with long time-series of in situ measurements from ICES standard sections in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas. The variability and trends derived from the two data sources are examined, and the usefulness of the products as a proxy for subsurface conditions is discussed.

Sea surface temperatures and ice rafting in the Holocene North Atlantic: climate influences on northern Europe and Greenland

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (20-22) ◽  
pp. 2113-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Moros ◽  
Kay Emeis ◽  
Bjørg Risebrobakken ◽  
Ian Snowball ◽  
Antoon Kuijpers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
North Atlantic Climate ◽  
Climate Influences ◽  
Ice Rafting

scholarly journals Reevaluation of mid-Pliocene North Atlantic sea surface temperatures

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Marci M. Robinson ◽  
Harry J. Dowsett ◽  
Gary S. Dwyer ◽  
Kira T. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Surface Temperatures
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