scholarly journals Wind Speed Changes of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Preceding Landfall

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1913-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Yaukey
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Tidal Mixing ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Landfalling Tropical Cyclones

AbstractLandfalling tropical cyclones have been extensively researched, especially their degradation upon coming ashore and the hazardous weather they create along coastlines and farther inland. Many of the factors that weaken storms over land could begin to act when they are still at sea, yet prelandfall intensity change remains poorly documented. This study examined the consistency of prelandfall changes in tropical cyclone intensity throughout the North Atlantic Ocean from 1950 to present. On average, cyclones intensified by 3 m s−1 less in their final 12 h before landfall than in the 12 h preceding those, on both mainland shores and in the Greater Antilles, while smaller islands showed no such change. Contributions of increasing storm age and poleward movement to this reduction were negligible. Two possible contributing factors to declining intensification before landfall were examined. The presence of a spring–neap tidal pattern of ~2 m s−1 in the prelandfall decline is consistent with tidal mixing influencing ocean temperature on the continental shelf. The tendency for the decline to be greater at night suggested the possible influence of solar heating on tropical cyclones near shore.

scholarly journals Lightning in Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones: A Comparison to the North Atlantic

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie N. Stevenson ◽  
Kristen L. Corbosiero ◽  
Sergio F. Abarca
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Vertical Wind ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract As global lightning detection has become more reliable, many studies have analyzed the characteristics of lightning in tropical cyclones (TCs); however, very few studies have examined flashes in eastern North Pacific (ENP) basin TCs. This study uses lightning detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) to explore the relationship between lightning and sea surface temperatures (SSTs), the diurnal cycle, the storm motion and vertical wind shear vectors, and the 24-h intensity change in ENP TCs during 2006–14. The results are compared to storms in the North Atlantic (NA). Higher flash counts were found over warmer SSTs, with 28°–30°C SSTs experiencing the highest 6-hourly flash counts. Most TC lightning flashes occurred at night and during the early morning hours, with minimal activity after local noon. The ENP peak (0800 LST) was slightly earlier than the NA (0900–1100 LST). Despite similar storm motion directions and differing vertical wind shear directions in the two basins, shear dominated the overall azimuthal lightning distribution. Lightning was most often observed downshear left in the inner core (0–100 km) and downshear right in the outer rainbands (100–300 km). A caveat to these relationships were fast-moving ENP TCs with opposing shear and motion vectors, in which lightning peaked downmotion (upshear) instead. Finally, similar to previous studies, higher flash densities in the inner core (outer rainbands) were associated with nonintensifying (intensifying) TCs. This last result constitutes further evidence in the efforts to associate lightning activity to TC intensity forecasting.

scholarly journals A Reanalysis of the 1921–30 Atlantic Hurricane Database*

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Landsea ◽  
Steve Feuer ◽  
Andrew Hagen ◽  
David A. Glenn ◽  
Jamese Sims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
The North ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Average Uncertainty

Abstract A reanalysis of the Atlantic basin tropical storm and hurricane database (“best track”) for the period from 1921 to 1930 has been completed. This reassessment of the main archive for tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico was necessary to correct systematic biases and random errors in the data as well as to search for previously unrecognized systems. The methodology for the reanalysis process for revising the track and intensity of tropical cyclone data has been detailed in a previous paper on the reanalysis. The 1921–30 dataset now includes several new tropical cyclones, excludes one system previously considered a tropical storm, makes generally large alterations in the intensity estimates of most tropical cyclones (both toward stronger and weaker intensities), and typically adjusts existing tracks with minor corrections. Average uncertainty in intensity and track values is estimated for both open-ocean conditions as well as landfalling systems. Highlights are given for changes to the more significant hurricanes to impact the United States, Central America, and the Caribbean for this decade.

scholarly journals Impacts of Tropical Cyclones on Longleaf Pine Ecosystems of Florida: Tropical Cyclogenesis, Landfall Frequencies, and Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank S. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Tropical Cyclogenesis ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Tropical storms and hurricanes (collectively hereafter, tropical cyclones) are among the most destructive forces in nature. These threats are of particular concern to human populations and ecosystems of coastal areas of the southeastern United States, most especially in the State of Florida. This review begins with an overview of the effects of tropical cyclones on Florida’s most conspicuous terrestrial ecosystem—longleaf pine. Environmental factors leading to tropical cyclogenesis will also be reviewed, with a specific focus on (1) landfall history in Florida, and (2) the potential relationship between climate change and the frequency/intensity of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic Ocean. Given its geographical distribution, it is not surprising that longleaf pine has long been impacted by tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic. Tropical cyclones are formed from a complex combination of meteorological conditions, driven initially by the release of excess heat from the surface waters of the ocean, along with an unstable atmosphere comprising air temperatures decreasing and wind speeds increasing with altitude. Among the coastal counties from Texas to Maine, those of Florida have experienced by far the highest frequency of tropical cyclones, especially the southern tip of peninsular Florida, with its most populous county (Miami-Dade) receiving 25 hits from 1900 to 2010, second only to Monroe County (32 hits) during that period. Frequencies of all categories of cyclones have increased significantly from 1850 to the present. Cyclone frequencies were significantly correlated with increases in air and ocean temperatures, both of which have increased over the past, suggesting a causal relationship with anthropogenic climate change. Of future concern is how increases in frequencies and intensities of tropical cyclones will negatively affect the structure and function of these ecologically and economically important longleaf pine ecosystems.

A Reanalysis of the 1944–53 Atlantic Hurricane Seasons—The First Decade of Aircraft Reconnaissance*

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 4441-4460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Hagen ◽  
Donna Strahan-Sakoskie ◽  
Christopher Luckett
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Tropical Storms ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Atlantic Hurricane ◽  
The North ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Systematic Biases

Abstract The main historical archive of all tropical storms, subtropical storms, and hurricanes in the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico from 1851 to the present is known as the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), which is the fundamental database for meteorological, engineering, and financial studies of these cyclones. Previous work has demonstrated that a reanalysis of HURDAT is necessary because it contains many random errors and systematic biases. The Atlantic Hurricane Reanalysis Project is an ongoing effort to correct the errors in HURDAT and to make HURDAT as accurate a database as possible with utilization of all available data. For this study, HURDAT is reanalyzed for the period 1944–53, the first decade of the “aircraft reconnaissance era.” The track and intensity of each existing tropical cyclone in HURDAT are reassessed, and previously unrecognized tropical cyclones are discovered, analyzed, and recommended to the HURDAT Best Track Change Committee for inclusion into HURDAT (existing tropical cyclones may be removed from the database as well if analyses indicate evidence that no tropical storm existed). Changes to the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, major hurricanes, accumulated cyclone energy, and U.S. landfalling hurricanes are recommended for most years of the decade. Estimates of uncertainty in the reanalyzed database for the decade are also provided.

scholarly journals A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2138-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Landsea ◽  
David A. Glenn ◽  
William Bredemeyer ◽  
Michael Chenoweth ◽  
Ryan Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
The North ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract A reanalysis of the Atlantic basin tropical storm and hurricane database (“best track”) for the period of 1911–20 has been completed. This reassessment of the main archive for tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico was necessary to correct systematic biases and random errors in the data as well as to search for previously unrecognized systems. A methodology for the reanalysis process for revising the track and intensity of tropical cyclone data is provided in detail. The dataset now includes several new tropical cyclones, excludes one system previously considered a tropical storm, makes generally large alterations in the intensity estimates of most tropical cyclones (both toward stronger and weaker intensities), and typically adjusts existing tracks with minor corrections. Average errors in intensity and track values are estimated for both open ocean conditions as well as for landfalling systems. Finally, highlights are given for changes to the more significant hurricanes to impact the United States, Central America, and the Caribbean for this decade.

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