scholarly journals The Global Drought Monitor Portal: The Foundation for a Global Drought Information System

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Heim ◽  
Michael J. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information System ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
The World ◽  
Drought Indicators ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Research And Education

Abstract The international scientific community has long recognized the need for coordinated drought monitoring and response, but many factors have prevented progress in the development of a Global Drought Early Warning System (GDEWS): some of which involve administrative issues (coordinated international action and policy) while others involve scientific, technological, and logistical issues. The creation of the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) Portal within the United States provided an opportunity to take the first steps toward building the informational foundation for a GDEWS: that is, a Global Drought Information System (GDIS). At a series of workshops sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and Group on Earth Observations (GEO) held in Asheville, North Carolina, in April 2010, it was recommended that a modular approach be taken in the creation of a GDIS and that the NIDIS Portal serve as the foundation for the GDIS structure. Once a NIDIS-based Global Drought Monitor (GDM) Portal (GDMP) established an international drought clearinghouse, the various components of a GDIS (drought monitoring, forecasting, impacts, history, research, and education) and later a GDEWS (drought relief, recovery, and planning) could be constructed atop it. The NIDIS Portal is a web-based information system created to address drought services and early warning in the United States, including drought monitoring, forecasting, impacts, mitigation, research, and education. This portal utilizes Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web mapping services (WMS) to incorporate continental drought monitors into the GDMP. As of early 2012, the GDM has incorporated continental drought information for North America (North American Drought Monitor), Europe (European Drought Observatory), and Africa (African Drought Monitor developed by Princeton University); interest has been expressed by groups representing Australia and South America; and coordination with appropriate parties in Asia is also expected. Because of the range of climates across the world and the diverse nature of drought and the sectors it impacts, the construction and functioning of each continental drought monitor needs to be appropriate for the continent in question. The GDMP includes a suite of global drought indicators identified by experts and adopted by the WMO as the necessary measures to examine drought from a meteorological standpoint; these global drought indicators provide a base to assist the global integration and interpretation of the continental drought monitors. The GDMP has been included in recent updates to the GEO Work Plan and has benefited from substantial coordination with WMO on both their Global Framework for Climate Services and the National Drought Policy efforts. The GDMP is recognized as having the potential to be a major contributor to both of these activities.

The Language of Security in Philippine-us Relations

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-146
Author(s):  
Charmaine G. Misalucha
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Language Games ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Way

Abstract There is a need to reformulate the way in which we view international relations. Rather than simply a play at an obscure theater with the same characters reprising their respective roles based on an old script, international relations need to be seen as a play at the world stage whose script is always being reviewed, revised, rewritten, and renegotiated by characters who are actively searching for ways to be accommodated. In this way, the characters and the roles they play are provisional: they become who or what they are because of actions they take, and not necessarily because they are fated to be revered or condemned. To achieve the fluid nature of this script, one must pay attention to language games. These games allow for the participation of both sides of the equation – the Philippines and the United States – in the creation of the structure and direction of their relationship.

scholarly journals As Regards the Comparison of Organizational and Normative Bases for the Development (Upgrading) of Weapons and Military Equipment Samples in the USA and Ukraine: Metrological Support

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
V. Boyko ◽  
A. Nozhenko ◽  
Yu. Rondin ◽  
A. Merkulov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Metrological Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Creation

The analysis of the measures to be carried out during the development (upgrading) of samples of armaments and military equipment carried out through the prism of the current order of supporting the development of armaments in Ukraine and the analysis of the process of development of armaments in the leading countries of the world on the example of the creation and procurement of weapons in the United States. The process of creation and procurement of weapons on the following issues is explored: normative documents regulating the process of creation and procurement of armaments, institutions dealing with the development of rules and regulations governing the development and procurement of weapons, strategic planning and defining the requirements for procurement of weapons, as well as the formation budget (state) applications for a year. Based on the comparison of the organizational and regulatory framework for the development (upgrading) of weapons in the United States and Ukraine, the main problem issues that need to be solved in our country are identified in order to improve the process of supporting the development (modernization) of weapons and military equipment, in particular in the field of metrological support.

The Cambridge History of America and the World

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Early American ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Indentured Servants

The first volume of The Cambridge History of America and the World examines how the United States emerged out of a series of colonial interactions, some involving indigenous empires and communities that were already present when the first Europeans reached the Americas, others the adventurers and settlers dispatched by Europe's imperial powers to secure their American claims, and still others men and women brought as slaves or indentured servants to the colonies that European settlers founded. Collecting the thoughts of dynamic scholars working in the fields of early American, Atlantic, and global history, the volume presents an unrivalled portrait of the human richness and global connectedness of early modern America. Essay topics include exploration and environment, conquest and commerce, enslavement and emigration, dispossession and endurance, empire and independence, new forms of law and new forms of worship, and the creation and destruction when the peoples of four continents met in the Americas.

Global Initiatives

2013 ◽  
pp. 249-255
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Rural Libraries ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
International Projects ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Global Initiatives

This chapter presents an overview of nine organizations that strive to support the creation and support of rural libraries all over the world. These internationally based organizations typically work alongside local stakeholders to develop, build, and support these rural libraries. Some collect books, some help communities to build libraries and information centers on their own, some train community members to build these libraries, and others raise funds to support these efforts. Often times, these organizations do a little of all of the above. They are based in the United States, Europe, Asia, South America, and many other locations. There are some very well known international projects, but there are also smaller, lesser-known, highly effective organizations that have also made their mark.

Diasporas and Homelands

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Robson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Even as ethnically based transfer and partition schemes were meeting with opposition and anger on the ground in Iraq, Syria, and Palestine, they were often hailed by minority diaspora communities scattered through the world. This chapter traces how interwar Armenian, Assyrian, and Jewish activists in Europe and the United States lobbied at the national and international levels for the creation of minority ethnic “homelands” supported by the international community – campaigns that became important sources of legitimacy for British, French, and League attempts to remake the demographic order of the Middle East over the protests of local actors.

The State of the Future

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-66
Author(s):  
Andrew Preston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Trump Administration

This chapter calls for a renewal of social democracy in the United States, in line with the successes of other more Wilsonian states around the world. The author chronicles the creation and development of the nation-state to explain its importance in governance, as well as some of the ways American governance is failing to live up to the promises of its history and potential. The chapter proposes that government is not the problem but can instead be part of the solution. Relating this idea to the Trump administration, the author concludes by arguing that reassessing the state’s role and purpose in society can promote American democracy, prosperity, and security.

scholarly journals The impact of cybercrime on the digital economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Burov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

Keywords: human capital, remote work, cybersecurity, hybrid workforce, digitaleconomics The article considersfactors of cyber hazards for the world economic system that appeared during the pandemicCOVID-19, as well as transition of the economy to the «new normal», in the contextof digitalization in the following aspects: digitalization and new working conditions,use of hybrid work, biological pandemic and cyber-pandemic and their influence onchanges in the economy, factors of cyber threats to business. It is highlighted that thepandemic and the abrupt transition to the use of remote forms of work have become extraordinaryevents in the world over the past two years. The objective precondition forsuch a change in the socio-economic and military features was the reorientation of theworld's leading economies (primarily the United States and China) to the powerful digitalizationof all spheres of human life and, above all, the creation of new technologies. Itis noted that China invests more than other countries (including the United States) inadvanced technology and training of highly qualified specialists, especially with a doctordegree that requires a high level of digital technology and appropriate literacy, and provideseffective adaptation to any working conditions including hybrid.The emergence of a hybrid working ecosystem and hybrid workforce is analysed, aswell as their advantages and disadvantages are substantiated. It is noted that the digitaleconomy has several new aspects compared to the traditional one. The emergence of hybridwork, the corresponding changes in the emergence of hybrid workforce and in the organizationof production management are the most dynamic components of change.However, even faster changes are taking place in the security of business, more precisely— in the growth of its vulnerability due to the rapid development of cyber threats inthe digital environment, which the economy has only begun to actively master, but hasnot yet created the necessary system of self-defence. Remote form of work has given riseto new forms of business — the creation and use of cyber threats. The emergence of acyber-pandemic as a result of rapid digitization due to the COVID-19 pandemic and thetransition of labour to remote form is analysed. The most important factors of cybersecurityfor the successful operation of companies are highlighted.

scholarly journals Playing at Serial Acquisitions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Smit ◽  
Thras Moraitis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
On The Road

In a period of only a few years in the early 2000s, Vodafone's then CEO Chris Gent grew the company from a small UK-based mobile operator into the world leader, with over 240 million customers. He did this via a sequence of 26 strategic transactions, including the acquisition of AirTouch and deals leading to the creation of the Verizon wireless business in the United States. Judging from Vodafone's acquisition story, Gent played his cards well, while both Vodafone's rivals and the financial markets acted irrationally in some instances. However, even Gent may have made some typical serial acquisition errors on the road to building the world's leading telecom company. This chapter uses the Vodafone story to illustrate how behavioral pitfalls in strategy, valuation, and bidding can be related to various components of the options and game valuation approach.

European Communities

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
New Members ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
The World ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
The Creation

Meeting from September 22 to 25, 1959, the European Parliamentary Assembly discussed the principles and problems involved in the establishment of a multilateral European trading association. Opening the debate, Mr. M. P. A. Blaisse (Dutch Popular Catholic) stated that experience had shown that the common market could be considered the driving force of European economic integration. Although at present involving only a part of Europe, it could expand and develop in several ways—by the accession of new members, by the creation of a multilateral association, or by the conclusion of bilateral agreements. Whatever the form of its evolution, the obligations undertaken by member states within the framework of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) could not be ignored; similarly, it was imperative to take into account the interests of the United States and Canada. Thus he suggested that special agreements could be concluded with these two countries, to minimize the effects of trade discrimination, along with continued negotiations with members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). He warned against compromise on the final aim, namely, the establishment of a multilateral association. The President of the European Economic Commission, Mr. W. Hallstein, thereupon presented the Commission's recommendations for a trade program on which the six nations could agree. He stated that such a program had to be pragmatic and realistic, and fulfill several conditions: improvement of economic conditions of the nations both inside and outside the European Economic Community (EEC), taking into account Europe's relations with the rest of the world, in particular with the United States; strengthening of the feelings of solidarity between the Community and all those affected by its external commercial policy; and general improvement of trade relations. He urged that care be taken to avoid giving the impression that EEC practiced a policy of discrimination and asked therefore that every effort be made to prove that its aim was the liberalization of trade throughout the world. Specifically, after the next GATT conference, EEC should, in his opinion, forthwith give its agreement to further tariff reductions and, in addition, promote the granting of aid to underdeveloped countries. At the European level, he proposed the creation of a “contact committee, comprised of representatives of the Community and other countries or groups to study the question of the development of external commercial relations. Mr. Hallstein concluded by pointing out that the proposals of his Commission were neither complete nor final. The speakers that followed agreed, on the whole, with the above-mentioned suggestions, but no resolution was adopted and it was decided to re-examine the whole matter at future sessions.

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