scholarly journals The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Pan ◽  
E. L. Atlas ◽  
R. J. Salawitch ◽  
S. B. Honomichl ◽  
J. F. Bresch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Convective Transport ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment was conducted from Guam (13.5°N, 144.8°E) during January–February 2014. Using the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft, the experiment investigated the photochemical environment over the tropical western Pacific (TWP) warm pool, a region of massive deep convection and the major pathway for air to enter the stratosphere during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. The new observations provide a wealth of information for quantifying the influence of convection on the vertical distributions of active species. The airborne in situ measurements up to 15-km altitude fill a significant gap by characterizing the abundance and altitude variation of a wide suite of trace gases. These measurements, together with observations of dynamical and microphysical parameters, provide significant new data for constraining and evaluating global chemistry–climate models. Measurements include precursor and product gas species of reactive halogen compounds that impact ozone in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. High-accuracy, in situ measurements of ozone obtained during CONTRAST quantify ozone concentration profiles in the upper troposphere, where previous observations from balloonborne ozonesondes were often near or below the limit of detection. CONTRAST was one of the three coordinated experiments to observe the TWP during January–February 2014. Together, CONTRAST, Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX), and Coordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST), using complementary capabilities of the three aircraft platforms as well as ground-based instrumentation, provide a comprehensive quantification of the regional distribution and vertical structure of natural and pollutant trace gases in the TWP during NH winter, from the oceanic boundary to the lower stratosphere.

In situ measurements of hydrogen cyanide in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere during Arctic spring 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 107 (D5) ◽  
pp. SOL 47-1-SOL 47-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Viggiano ◽  
D. E. Hunton ◽  
Thomas M. Miller ◽  
John O. Ballenthin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere

Ozone variability and trends in the UTLS derived from the IAGOS- CARIBIC observatory using JETPAC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Boenisch ◽  
Andreas Zahn ◽  
Luis Millan
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Research Infrastructure ◽  
European Research ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Work In Progress

<p>The CARIBIC (Civil  Aircraft  for  the  Regular  Investigation  of the atmosphere Based on an <br>Instrumented Container) project is part of the a European research infrastructure IAGOS (In-<br>Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) making regular in-situ measurements of more <br>than 100 atmospheric constituents, include ozone and water vapour, on-board of an in-service <br>passenger  aircraft  operated  by  Lufthansa.  The  dataset  of  the  IAGOS-CARIBIC  is  therefore <br>ideally suited as a testbed for the SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role <br>in Climate) activity OCTAV-UTLS (Observed Composition Trends And Variability in the Upper <br>Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere). One key aspect, shown here as work in progress, is to <br>develop, define and apply common metrics for the comparison of different UTLS datasets <br>using a variety of meteorological coordinate systems derived from reanalysis datasets. The <br>focus here is on the variability of ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere <br>(UTLS) on interannual and seasonal timescales and the observed trends. The in-situ ozone <br>measurements by IAGOS-CARIBIC are analysed relative to different tropopause definitions <br>and coordinate systems. All these meteorological information applied here are produced with <br>the JETPAC tool ‒ Jet and Tropopause Products for Analysis and Characterization (Manney et <br>al., 2011).</p>

scholarly journals Deep convective injection of boundary layer air into the lowermost stratosphere at midlatitudes

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fischer ◽  
M. de Reus ◽  
M. Traub ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
J. Lelieveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
German Research ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. On 22 August 2001 a measurement flight was performed with the German research aircraft FALCON from Sardinia to Crete as part of the Mediterranean Oxidant Study (MINOS). Cruising at 8.2 km, the aircraft was forced to climb to 11.2 km over the southern tip of Italy to stay clear of the anvil of a large cumulonimbus tower. During ascent into the lowermost stratosphere in-situ measurements onboard the FALCON indicated several sharp increases in the concentrations of tropospheric trace gases, e.g. CO, acetone, methanol, benzene and acetonitrile, above the anvil. During one particular event deep in the stratosphere, at O3 concentrations exceeding 200 ppv, CO increased from about 60 to 90 ppv, while the concentration of acetone and methanol increased by more than a factor of 2 (0.7 to 1.8 ppv for acetone; 0.4 to 1.4 ppv for methanol). Enhancements for the short lived species benzene are even higher, increasing from 20 pptv in the stratosphere to approx. 130 pptv. The concentrations during the event were higher than background concentrations in the upper troposphere, indicating that polluted boundary layer air was directly mixed into the lowermost stratosphere.

In situ measurements of HNO3, NOy, NO, and O3 in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (33) ◽  
pp. 5789-5797 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Neuman ◽  
R.S. Gao ◽  
D.W. Fahey ◽  
J.C. Holecek ◽  
B.A. Ridley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere

scholarly journals Deep convective injection of boundary layer air into the lowermost stratosphere at midlatitudes

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 2003-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fischer ◽  
M. de Reus ◽  
M. Traub ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
J. Lelieveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
German Research ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. On 22 August 2001 a measurement flight was performed with the German research aircraft FALCON from Sardinia to Crete as part of the Mediterranean Oxidant Study (MINOS). Cruising at 8.2 km, the aircraft was forced to climb to 11.2 km over the southern tip of Italy to stay clear of the anvil of a large cumulonimbus tower. During ascent into the lowermost stratosphere in-situ measurements onboard the FALCON indicated several sharp increases in the concentrations of tropospheric trace gases, e.g. CO, acetone, methanol, benzene and acetonitrile, above the anvil. During one particular event deep in the stratosphere, at O3 concentrations exceeding 200 ppv, CO increased from about 60 to 90 ppv, while the concentration of acetone and methanol increased by more than a factor of 2 (0.7 to 1.8 ppv for acetone; 0.4 to 1.4 ppv for methanol). Enhancements for the short lived species benzene are even higher, increasing from 20 pptv in the stratosphere to approx. 130 pptv. The concentrations during the event were higher than background concentrations in the upper troposphere, indicating that polluted boundary layer air was directly mixed deep into the lowermost stratosphere.

Airborne gas chromatograph for in situ measurements of long-lived species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Elkins ◽  
D. W. Fahey ◽  
J. M. Gilligan ◽  
G. S. Dutton ◽  
T. J. Baring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Upper Troposphere

scholarly journals In Situ Measurements of Long-Lived Trace Gases in the Lower Stratosphere by Gas Chromatography

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1195-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Romashkin ◽  
D. F. Hurst ◽  
J. W. Elkins ◽  
G. S. Dutton ◽  
D. W. Fahey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
In Situ Measurements

scholarly journals Aircraft measurements of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the START08 field experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 7667-7684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqing Zhang ◽  
Junhong Wei ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
K. P. Bowman ◽  
L. L. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. This study analyzes in situ airborne measurements from the 2008 Stratosphere–Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START08) experiment to characterize gravity waves in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (ExUTLS). The focus is on the second research flight (RF02), which took place on 21–22 April 2008. This was the first airborne mission dedicated to probing gravity waves associated with strong upper-tropospheric jet–front systems. Based on spectral and wavelet analyses of the in situ observations, along with a diagnosis of the polarization relationships, clear signals of mesoscale variations with wavelengths ~ 50–500 km are found in almost every segment of the 8 h flight, which took place mostly in the lower stratosphere. The aircraft sampled a wide range of background conditions including the region near the jet core, the jet exit and over the Rocky Mountains with clear evidence of vertically propagating gravity waves of along-track wavelength between 100 and 120 km. The power spectra of the horizontal velocity components and potential temperature for the scale approximately between ~ 8 and ~ 256 km display an approximate −5/3 power law in agreement with past studies on aircraft measurements, while the fluctuations roll over to a −3 power law for the scale approximately between ~ 0.5 and ~ 8 km (except when this part of the spectrum is activated, as recorded clearly by one of the flight segments). However, at least part of the high-frequency signals with sampled periods of ~ 20–~ 60 s and wavelengths of ~ 5–~ 15 km might be due to intrinsic observational errors in the aircraft measurements, even though the possibilities that these fluctuations may be due to other physical phenomena (e.g., nonlinear dynamics, shear instability and/or turbulence) cannot be completely ruled out.

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