scholarly journals The 19 April 1996 Illinois Tornado Outbreak. Part II: Cell Mergers and Associated Tornado Incidence

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Lee ◽  
Brian F. Jewett ◽  
Robert B. Wilhelmson
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physical Relationship ◽  
Maximum Reflectivity ◽  
Cell Rotation ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Propagation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Tornado Outbreak

Abstract In the 19 April 1996 Illinois tornado outbreak, cell mergers played a very important role in the convective evolution. With a large number of cells forming within a short time period, the early stages of cell organization were marked by cell merger interactions and cell attrition that led to a pattern of isolated tornadic supercells as described in Part I of this study. Twenty-six mergers were documented and analyzed. Storm-rotation-induced differential cell propagation accounted for 58% of these 26 cell mergers while differing cell speeds prompted 27% of the mergers. Cell merger characterizations were utilized to describe the cell reflectivity coalescence morphology including aspects of new cell development, development along the periphery of an existing cell, or an upward pulse in the cell intensity of a dominant cell. In cases where the merging cells were of similar intensity, a rapidly developing cellular pulse “bridging” the two echoes was often observed. When the relationship between short-term cell intensity changes and cell mergers was examined, it was found that the maximum reflectivity tendency showed a bias toward higher reflectivity for the product storm. Depending upon the radar elevation angle utilized, 27%–44% of mergers were associated with an increase in peak reflectivity while 40%–58% of the storms realized little or no increase. With respect to short-term cell rotation changes, the merger signal was marked. Depending upon the length of the evaluation window, in 44%–60% of the mergers, there was evidence of a merger-associated increase in cell rotation. When considering the association between tornado occurrence and cell mergers, a striking 54% of the tornadoes occurred within 15 min before or after a cell merger. This high percentage is strongly suggestive of a physical relationship between storm mergers and tornadogenesis. A discussion is presented of potential merger scenarios and favorable ambient environmental conditions that may have been conducive to tornadogenesis in this event. Suggestions are presented to raise the awareness level of forecasters to key aspects of cell evolution and interaction in nowcasting severe convection.

scholarly journals The 19 April 1996 Illinois Tornado Outbreak. Part I: Cell Evolution and Supercell Isolation

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Lee ◽  
Brian F. Jewett ◽  
Robert B. Wilhelmson
Keyword(s):  
Radar Data ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Cell Evolution ◽  
Warm Front ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
Cell Propagation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tornado Outbreak

Abstract In this study of the 19 April 1996 Illinois tornado outbreak, 109 cells were tracked using radar data to understand the transition of the cell configuration from a considerable number of initial cells to a small subset of supercells after several hours of evolution. Of these 109 cells, 85 developed along three synoptic boundaries (dryline, warm front, and dryline–warm front occlusion) between 1940 and 2230 UTC. A large majority of these 85 cells formed in a 1-h period between 2040 and 2140 UTC. With a considerable number of cells initiating within a short time period, the early stages of cell organization were marked by cell merger interactions and cell attrition that led to a pattern of isolated tornadic supercells. Cell-type initiation analysis revealed that storms that would become supercells were initiated, on average, 17 min before nonsupercell storms. Cyclonic supercells, with mean storm life spans of 214 min, had much longer lives than nonsupercell storms. Anticyclonic supercells resulting from storm splits were the second longest lived at 166 min. In comparison, the largest nonsupercell category, those cells that dissipated in relative isolation, only had 35-min life spans. Supercell isolation resulted from storm mergers due to differential cell propagation and the frequent attrition of cells that formed along a common boundary. The varying rotational properties of individual cells enhanced the probability for numerous mergers while fostering a scenario where, after a few hours, the supercells became increasingly isolated. Suggestions are presented to raise the awareness level of forecasters to key aspects of cell evolution and interaction in nowcasting severe convection. In Part II of this study, storm interactions are examined in the context of merger morphology, merged cell intensity changes, and the association between storm mergers and tornadogenesis.

KEY ASPECTS OF THE CREDIT AND LOAN ACCOUNTING PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
S. N. KOVALENKO ◽  
◽  
Yu. N. KOVALENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Statements ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Key Aspects

The article presents the procedure for accounting for borrowed funds, short-term and long-term, provides an analytical review of the accounting financial statements, regarding loans and borrowings of an economic entity.

scholarly journals Key aspects of neurovascular control mediated by specific populations of inhibitory cortical interneurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Lee ◽  
L Boorman ◽  
E Glendenning ◽  
C Christmas ◽  
P Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Cortical Interneurons ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cortical Excitation ◽  
Negative Bold ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Oxide Synthase

AbstractInhibitory interneurons can evoke vasodilation and vasoconstriction, making them potential cellular drivers of neurovascular coupling. However, the specific regulatory roles played by particular interneuron subpopulations remain unclear. Our purpose was therefore to adopt a cell-specific optogenetic approach to investigate how somatostatin (SST) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1)-expressing interneurons might influence neurovascular relationships. In mice, specific activation of SST- or NOS1-interneurons was sufficient to evoke haemodynamic changes similar to those evoked by physiological whisker stimulation. In the case of NOS1-interneurons, robust haemodynamic changes occurred with minimal changes in neural activity. Conversely, activation of SST-interneurons produced robust changes in evoked neural activity with shallow cortical excitation and pronounced deep layer cortical inhibition. This often resulted in a central increase in blood volume with corresponding surround decrease, analogous to the negative BOLD signal. These results demonstrate the role of specific populations of cortical interneurons in the active control of neurovascular function.

Hematologic and Bone Marrow Changes after Short- and Long-term Administration of Two Recombinant Bovine Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factors

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Cullor ◽  
W. Smith ◽  
J. G. Zinkl ◽  
J. D. Dellinger ◽  
T. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factors ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
A Cell

Colony-stimulating factors are a category of glycoproteins that are instrumental in the regulation of hematopoiesis and inflammation. This investigation documented the clinical bone marrow and peripheral blood responses to short-term and long-term administration of a recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rb-GCSF) and an analog, where the cysteine at position 17 was substituted with a serine (rb-GCSF ser17). The colony-stimulating factors produced the expected changes in the hematologic findings of the bovine subjects in the study, and there was a cell-specific response to the compounds. The sustained neutrophilia in the long-term study indicates that the bovine species can tolerate the administration of recombinant forms of bovine GCSF for extended periods of time without detectable adverse side effects. The neutrophils from the short-term study revealed no apparent fluctuation, either as enhanced or reduced capability to reduce nitro blue tetrazolium as compared to pretreatment neutrophils. The administration of both recombinant forms of GCSF produced large increases in the bone marrow myeloid: erythroid (M:E) ratio concomitantly with the neutrophilias. This is the first preliminary report documenting the bone marrow response of cattle to the native and recombinant (rb-GCSF ser17) forms of bovine GCSF.

Managing a short international study trip: the case of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-396
Author(s):  
Fengli Mu ◽  
James Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Students ◽  
International Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Structured Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the major planning and implementation practices that should be followed in a short term international study trip (IST). The focus throughout is on how to utilize experiential learning to establish cultural competence. Design/methodology/approach The paper shows how to plan and manage an international MBA study trip to China using a specific case to illustrate the methods employed. Findings The use of a highly structured approach to an experiential learning exercise combined with a focus on key elements of cultural competencies creates a positive environment and leads to significant focused learning. Originality/value This paper fills three key gaps in the literature. First it uniquely focuses on the implementation of a conceptual framework that incorporates the types of cultural competency related learning that are to take place. Second, it illustrates how to design and implement an IST highlighting two key aspects of experiential learning: providing challenging experiences and encouraging reflection. Third, it focuses on a trip to China which, although one of the most popular destinations for business students, is lightly reviewed in the literature. This study fills a significant gap in the literature dealing with the management of short term study trips.

Short-Term Plasticity in Hindlimb Motoneurons of Decerebrate Cats

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 2038-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Bennett ◽  
Hans Hultborn ◽  
Brent Fedirchuk ◽  
Monica Gorassini
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Muscle Stretch ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Short Term Plasticity ◽  
Dorsal Horn Neurons ◽  
Current Ramp ◽  
Inward Currents ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

Bennett, David J., Hans Hultborn, Brent Fedirchuk, and Monica Gorassini. Short-term plasticity in hindlimb motoneurons of decerebrate cats. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2038–2045, 1998. Cat hindlimb motoneurons possess noninactivating voltage-gated inward currents that can, under appropriate conditions, regeneratively produce sustained increments in depolarization and firing of the cell (i.e., plateau potentials). Recent studies in turtle dorsal horn neurons and motoneurons indicate that facilitation of plateaus occurs with repeated plateau activation (decreased threshold and increased duration; this phenomenon is referred to as warm-up). The purpose of the present study was to study warm-up in cat motoneurons. Initially, cells were studied by injecting a slow triangular current ramp intracellularly to determine the threshold for activation of the plateau. In cells where the sodium spikes were blocked with intracellular QX314, plateau activation was readily seen as a sudden jump in membrane potential, which was not directly reversed as the current was decreased (cf. hysteresis). With normal spiking, the plateau activation (the noninactivating inward current) was reflected by a steep and sustained jump in firing rate, which was not directly reversed as the current was decreased (hysteresis). Repetitive plateau activation significantly lowered the plateau activation threshold in 83% of cells (by on average 5 mV and 11 Hz with and without QX314, respectively). This interaction between successive plateaus (warm-up) occurred when tested with 3- to 6-s intervals; no interaction occurred at times >20 s. Plateaus initiated by synaptic activation from muscle stretch were also facilitated by repetition. Repeated slow muscle stretches that produced small phasic responses when a cell was hyperpolarized with intracellular current bias produced a larger and more prolonged responses (plateau) when the bias was removed, and the amplitude and duration of this response grew with repetition. The effects of warm-up seen with intracellular recordings during muscle stretch could also be recorded extracellularly with gross electromyographic (EMG) recordings. That is, the same repetitive stretch as above produced a progressively larger and more prolonged EMG response. Warm-up may be a functionally important form of short-term plasticity in motoneurons that secures efficient motor output once a threshold level is reached for a significant period. Finally, the finding that warm-up can be readily observed with gross EMG recordings will be useful in future studies of plateaus in awake animals and humans.

scholarly journals Validation of Short-Term Forecasting of Meso-^|^gamma;-Scale Convective Systems Based on a Cell-Tracking System

SOLA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (0) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syo Yoshida ◽  
Ryohei Misumi ◽  
Shingo Shimizu ◽  
Takeshi Maesaka ◽  
Koyuru Iwanami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Short Term Forecasting

scholarly journals TA Treatment of Depression - A Hermeneutic Single-Case Efficacy Design Study - ‘Tom’

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Therapy Process ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Key Aspects

Hermeneutic Single-Case Efficacy Design (HSCED) is a systematic case study research method involving the cross-examination of mixed method data to generate both plausible arguments that the client changed due to therapy and alternative explanations. The present study uses HSCED to investigate the outcome of short-term TA psychotherapy with a man with moderate depression and comorbid social anxiety The objective of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of short-term TA therapy for the treatment of depression and to explore and identify key aspects of the TA therapy process and associated factors promoting change amongst effective cases. To enhance rigour and address potential for researcher allegiance, indep-endent psychotherapy researchers have adjudicated the case and offer a verdict on outcome. The majority verdict of two judges in this case was that this was a positive outcome case and that the client had changed substantially and that these changes were substantially due to the effects of therapy. The third judge’s conclusion was that this was a mixed outcome case, and that the client had changed considerably and that this had been considerably due to therapy.This is the 3rd case reported on and additional rigour was introduced into the HSCED approach in the same way as reported in the accompanying paper about the 2nd case. (IJTAR 3:2, 3-14)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document