An Integrative Approach to Dealing with Bereavements

Providing help and support to people experiencing grief after loss is one of the tasks of a psychologist and psychotherapist. Many views of various authors on the process of grieving and criticism of different opinions of each other make it difficult to choose any one theory for dealing with bereavement. The main goal of this paper is to take a holistic view of the course of adaptation to bereavement and create an integrative approach to the process of grieving based on the main principles of positive psychotherapy. To do this, I used the theories of living-through of grieving by Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, John Bowlby, William Worden, Margaret Stroebe and Hank Shute, and Nossrat Peseschkian. Thus, an integrative model of the bereavement experience was created, in which the phases and tasks of two processes were identified: orientation to loss and orientation to restoration. Application of this model, as well as the use of the principles and techniques of positive psychotherapy as a guide, can help a therapist have a holistic view of the process of dealing with bereavement and be as effective as possible in the therapy process. Keywords: grief, grief work bereavement, positive psychotherapy, restoration

Terapi kognitif pada permasalahan hubungan sosial

One of the tasks of child development is to establish and build social relationships with friends and their environment. Individuals who have been socially excluded will withdraw by not having relationships with others because of the fear of the negative evaluation feom others. The assessment methods used were interview, observation and psychological tests namely were graphic tests, and the Intelligenz Structure Test (IST). The intervention used to change the subject's negative thoughts to become more positive is cognitive therapy. The cognitive therapy process that was given as many as 6 sessions with the target subject was able to change his negative thoughts into more positive ones. The results of the intervention show that the subject was able to replaces his negative thoughts with positive thoughts which ultimately makes the subject feel no guilt anymore.

ROLA I ZNACZENIE NAUCZYCIELA WSPOMAGAJĄCEGO W PROCESIE TERAPII UCZNIÓW ZE SPECJALNYMI POTRZEBAMI EDUKACYJNYMI

The purpose of the research in this paper was to establish the role and importance of a support teacher in the therapy process of students with special educational needs. The role and tasks of the teacher were taken into account on the legal basis. An interview was used as a research technique in the work. Thanks to the precise questions, the interview questionnaire was compiled as a research tool. Problems corresponding to specific hypotheses were discussed. The study used the method of individual cases. The characteristics of the support teacher and the leading teacher in the integrated class were carefully compared and special attention was also paid to the relationship between teachers and parents. Based on the research, the characteristics of working with students with special educational needs were established. Conclusions were drawn for the effective development of the activities of the support teacher who works with students with judgment.

Involving Family Members of People with Dementia in the Music Therapy Process at a Residential Care Facility

<p>The therapeutic use of music with older adults with dementia is widely documented, and family involvement is encouraged in both music therapy practice and dementia care services. This qualitative study explores and describes the experience of a student music therapist involving the family members of people with dementia in the music therapy process in a residential care facility. Grounded theory methodology informed analysis of the data sources. Secondary data was analysed and a theoretical perspective regarding family involvement in the music therapy process in this setting was developed. The findings are presented in main categories consisting of: building relationships, sharing information, unplanned family involvement in music therapy sessions, flexibility, spontaneity, joy and humour, and negotiation of the music therapist role in the community of the facility. The emergent theoretical perspective suggests that involving family members in the music therapy process in residential care facility is valuable in fostering and strengthening a sense of community between residents, family members and care staff.</p>

Involving Family Members of People with Dementia in the Music Therapy Process at a Residential Care Facility

<p>The therapeutic use of music with older adults with dementia is widely documented, and family involvement is encouraged in both music therapy practice and dementia care services. This qualitative study explores and describes the experience of a student music therapist involving the family members of people with dementia in the music therapy process in a residential care facility. Grounded theory methodology informed analysis of the data sources. Secondary data was analysed and a theoretical perspective regarding family involvement in the music therapy process in this setting was developed. The findings are presented in main categories consisting of: building relationships, sharing information, unplanned family involvement in music therapy sessions, flexibility, spontaneity, joy and humour, and negotiation of the music therapist role in the community of the facility. The emergent theoretical perspective suggests that involving family members in the music therapy process in residential care facility is valuable in fostering and strengthening a sense of community between residents, family members and care staff.</p>

Music Therapy for Young Children Who Have Special Needs: the Music Therapy Experience from the Perspectives of Carers and Professionals

<p>This project aims to investigate how carers and other professionals perceive the music therapy process over time. Music therapy has been used to address a wide range of diagnoses and developmental issues of young children. The research was conducted during my clinical placement working with young children who have been referred to a child development team. The participants in this project were carers with children with special needs. The children were diagnosed with various disabilities and required different support and developmental goals. Each child attended individual music therapy sessions once a week over a period of three to nine months. It was speculated that many other changes or developmental progress could occur along with the goals and objectives set by me in the music therapy process. To understand fully what other changes or progress the children have made with the input of music therapy, the research was designed using open-ended interviews to find out what the carers and a professional witnessed during and in between the sessions. Three carers were involved in a one-on-one in-depth interview in which they were encouraged to talk about their observation and perception of music therapy. A speech-language therapist was also invited to participate in an in-depth interview. Data derived from the interviews was analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings compare themes generated from the clinical notes and interview data. The results showed some shared experiences amongst the participants as well as exceptions influenced by parental differences and the children's conditions. Examination of the similarities and differences between the clinical notes and the interview data helped me validate the outcome of music therapy intervention and gain more insights into effective practice.</p>