Mortality Risk Among Offspring of Psychiatric Inpatients: A Population-Based Follow-Up to Early Adulthood

2006 ◽  
Vol 163 (12) ◽  
pp. 2170-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T. Webb ◽  
Kathryn M. Abel ◽  
Andrew R. Pickles ◽  
Louis Appleby ◽  
Sarah A. King-Hele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Population Based

Anorectal Malformations and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer—Is Early Routine Endoscopic Screening Indicated?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Svenningsson ◽  
Anna Gunnarsdottir ◽  
Tomas Wester
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Observational Period ◽  
Endoscopic Screening ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
National Patient ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported in early adulthood in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM), and therefore, the need of endoscopic controls has been discussed. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of CRC in patients with ARM. Materials and Methods This was a nationwide population-based study with data from Swedish national health care registers. All patients diagnosed with ARM born in Sweden between 1964 and 1999 were identified in the National Patient Register. The same group was followed up in the Swedish Cancer Register from birth to December 31, 2014, for occurrences of CRC. Five age- and gender-matched individuals randomly selected from the Medical Birth Register served as controls for each ARM patient born between 1973 and 1999. Results A total of 817 patients (474 males) with ARM were included and followed up from birth to the end of observational period. Time of follow-up ranged from 15 to 50 years (mean: 28 years). None of the patients was diagnosed with CRC during the observational period. One case of rectal cancer and one case of sigmoid cancer were detected among the 3,760 controls. Conclusion In our study, the risk of CRC in early adulthood in patients with ARM is low. Our result does not support routine endoscopic follow-up for patients with ARM during the first decade of life.

Mortality risk remains higher in individuals with type 1 diabetes: A population-based cohort study (the Ayrshire diabetes follow-up cohort [ADOC])

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1965-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Collier ◽  
Paul J. Connelly ◽  
Mario Hair ◽  
Lyall Cameron ◽  
Sujoy Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Population Based

Association of snus experimentation in late adolescence with daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood: A longitudinal study among Finnish men

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Araneda ◽  
Tellervo Korhonen ◽  
Tiina Laatikainen ◽  
Ari Haukkala ◽  
Richard J. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Increased Risk

Aims: Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) is a lower-risk tobacco product than cigarette smoking for individuals. However, the public health impact of snus use is less well studied. Critically, it is uncertain whether use of snus leads to the onset of smoking. This study aimed to investigate prospectively the association between snus experimentation in late adolescence and daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood among Finnish young men. Methods: Data were obtained from 1090 young men within the population-based FinnTwin12 cohort. At baseline (mean age 17 years), we assessed lifetime use of cigarettes and snus, plus other potential predictors of cigarette smoking. At follow-up (mean age 24 years), participants were categorized according to their current smoking status. The final analyses were conducted among 375 young men who were never smokers at baseline with adequate data on follow-up smoking status and other potential predictors of cigarette smoking. Results: Age-adjusted logistic regressions showed an increased risk of becoming a daily smoker at follow-up among those participants who had at least tried snus but had never smoked cigarettes at baseline (odds ratio (OR) 6.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02–20.7), compared with those who had never used snus. When additionally adjusted for monthly alcohol intoxication, maternal smoking, and peer drug use, the association between snus experimentation and later daily cigarette smoking was attenuated, but remained significant (OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.22–12.7). Conclusions: Our data support the proposition that snus experimentation during late adolescence is longitudinally associated with daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood. Although a causal association cannot be inferred with certainty, snus experimentation might constitute an indicator of the propensity to proceed to regular snus use and initiation of use of other tobacco or nicotine products.

scholarly journals Dairy Consumption, Lactase Persistence, and Mortality Risk in a Cohort From Southern Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Sonestedt ◽  
Yan Borné ◽  
Elisabet Wirfält ◽  
Ulrika Ericson
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lactase Persistence ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Prospective Cohorts ◽  
Objective Marker

Background: Whether high dairy consumption is related to longevity is still unclear, and additional studies of prospective cohorts with high-quality dietary data from populations with wide consumption ranges are needed.Objective: To examine the association between dairy consumption and mortality in a Swedish cohort.Design: Among 26,190 participants (62% females, 45–73 years old) without diabetes and cardiovascular disease from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, 7,156 individuals died during a mean follow-up time of 19 years. Data on intake of dairy (non-fermented milk, fermented milk, cheese, cream and butter) were collected from 7 day food records and food questionnaires. A genetic marker (rs4988235) associated with lactase persistence was detected among 22,234 individuals born in Sweden.Results: Higher intakes up to 1,000 g/day of non-fermented milk were associated with only marginal higher mortality rates after adjusting for potential confounders. However, intakes above 1,000 g/day (1.5% of the population) were associated with 34% (95% CI: 14, 59%, p-trend=0.002) higher mortality compared to that with < 200 g/day. Fermented milk and cheese intake were inversely associated with mortality. Cream showed a protective association only among men. Butter was not associated with mortality. CT/TT genotype carriers (i.e., individuals with lactase persistence) had a 27% higher reported consumption of non-fermented milk, and non-significant higher mortality risk (HR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.96, 1.23; p = 0.20) than CC genotype carriers.Conclusions: Higher mortality rates were mainly observed among participants consuming more than 1,000 g of non-fermented milk per day. In contrast, fermented milk and cheese were associated with lower mortality. Because dairy products differ in composition, it is important to examine them separately in their relation to health and disease. The use of a genetic variant as an objective marker of lactose-containing milk intake should be examined in relation to mortality in a larger population.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 856-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Kuitunen-Paul ◽  
Michael Roerecke
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundWe summarise the evidence for an association between screening scores from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and all-cause mortality.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, prospective cohort studies reporting all-cause mortality risk by AUDIT scores (complete AUDIT-10 or AUDIT-C) were identified through MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science up to September 2016. Risk estimates were pooled using random effects meta-analyses.ResultsSeven observational studies with 18 920 observed deaths among 309 991 participants were identified. At-risk drinking (ie, hazardous/harmful consumption, AUDIT-10 ≥8 and AUDIT-C ≥4) was associated with elevated mortality risk after 2–10 years of follow-up (pooled relative risk (RR)=1.24, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.37) compared with moderate drinking (AUDIT-10=1–7, AUDIT-C=1–3). Compared to past year abstainers (AUDIT=0), moderate drinkers had a lower mortality risk (RR=0.75, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.79) in US Veterans and a similar mortality risk (RR=0.99, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.38) in population-based studies. Most data came from studies among Veterans using the short AUDIT-C in men and showed a dose–response relationship (RR=1.04, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.05 for each AUDIT-C score among drinkers). Data for women and young adults were scarce.ConclusionAUDIT screening scores were associated with mortality risk. The association was differential depending on the population examined, which may be related to prevalence of former drinkers among current abstainers. Due to heterogeneity between studies and the small number of populations examined, generalisability may be limited.

scholarly journals Mortality during 6 years of follow-up in relation to visual impairment and eye disease: results from a population-based cohort study of people aged 50 years and above in Nakuru, Kenya

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e029700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Kuper ◽  
Wanjiku Mathenge ◽  
David Macleod ◽  
Allen Foster ◽  
Michael Gichangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Age Related

ObjectiveTo estimate the association between (1) visual impairment (VI) and (2) eye disease and 6-year mortality risk within a cohort of elderly Kenyan people.Design, setting and participantsThe baseline of the Nakuru Posterior Segment Eye Disease Study was formed from a population-based survey of 4318 participants aged ≥50 years, enrolled in 2007–2008. Ophthalmic and anthropometric examinations were undertaken on all participants at baseline, and a questionnaire was administered, including medical and ophthalmic history. Participants were retraced in 2013–2014 for a second examination. Vital status was recorded for all participants through information from community members. Cumulative incidence of mortality, and its relationship with baseline VI and types of eye disease was estimated. Inverse probability weighting was used to adjust for non-participation.Primary outcome measuresCumulative incidence of mortality in relation to VI level at baseline.ResultsOf the baseline sample, 2170 (50%) were re-examined at follow-up and 407 (10%) were known to have died (adjusted risk of 11.9% over 6 years). Compared to those with normal vision (visual acuity (VA) ≥6/12, risk=9.7%), the 6-year mortality risk was higher among people with VI (<6/18 to ≥6/60; risk=28.3%; risk ratio (RR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.40) or severe VI (SVI)/blindness (<6/60; risk=34.9%; RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.80). These associations remained after adjustment for non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors (mortality: RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.15; SVI/blind: RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.68). Mortality risk was also associated with presence of diabetic retinopathy at baseline (RR 3.18, 95% CI 1.98 to 5.09), cataract (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.66) and presence of both cataract and VI (RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.98). Mortality risk was higher among people with age-related macular degeneration at baseline (with or without VI), compared with those without (RR 1.42, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.22 and RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.81, respectively).ConclusionsVisual acuity was related to 6-year mortality risk in this cohort of elderly Kenyan people, potentially because both VI and mortality are related to ageing and risk factors for NCD.

scholarly journals Mortality Risk Among Older People Who Did Versus Did Not Sustain a Fracture: Baseline Prefracture Strength and Gait Speed as Predictors in a 15-Year Follow-Up

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1996-2002
Author(s):  
Kaisa Koivunen ◽  
Elina Sillanpää ◽  
Mikaela von Bonsdorff ◽  
Ritva Sakari ◽  
Timo Törmäkangas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Physiological reserve, as indicated by muscle strength and gait speed, may be especially determinant of survival in people who are exposed to a health stressor. We studied whether the association between strength/speed and mortality risk would be stronger in the time period after a fracture compared to other time periods. Methods Participants were population-based sample of 157 men and 325 women aged 75 and 80 years at baseline. Maximal 10-m gait speed and maximal isometric grip and knee extension strength were tested at the baseline before the fracture. Subsequent fracture incidence and mortality were followed up for 15 years. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate fracture time-stratified effects of gait speed and muscle strength on mortality risk in three states: (i) nonfracture state, (ii) the first postfracture year, and (iii) after the first postfracture year until death/end of follow-up. Results During the follow-up, 20% of the men and 44% of the women sustained a fracture. In both sexes, lower gait speed and in women lower knee extension strength was associated with increased mortality risk in the nonfracture state. During the first postfracture year, the mortality risk associated with slower gait and lower strength was increased and higher than in the nonfracture state. After the first postfracture year, mortality risk associated with lower gait speed and muscle strength attenuated. Conclusions Lower gait speed and muscle strength were more strongly associated with mortality risk after fracture than during nonfracture time, which may indicate decreased likelihood of recovery.

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