scholarly journals Trends in Use of Second-Generation Antipsychotics for Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in the United States, 1998–2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Pillarella ◽  
Ashley Higashi ◽  
G. Caleb Alexander ◽  
Rena Conti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

scholarly journals Trends in Prescriptions of Lithium and Other Medications for Patients with Bipolar Disorder in Office-based Practices in the United States: 1996-2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yian Lin ◽  
Ramin Mojtabai ◽  
Fernando S Goes ◽  
Peter P Zandi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Care Survey ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Ambulatory Medical Care

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that rates of lithium use for bipolar disorder (BPD) in the United States declined through the 1990s as other mood stabilizing anticonvulsants and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) became more popular. We examined recent prescribing trends of medications for BPD over the past two decades.MethodsTwenty years of data (1996-2015) from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) were used. Weighted percentages of prescriptions of lithium, anticonvulsants, SGAs and antidepressants were calculated over two-year intervals. Logistic regression was used to examine factors related to polytherapy.ResultsPrescriptions of lithium declined from 38.1% (95%CI: 29.8% - 46.3%) in 1996-97 to 14.3% (95%CI: 10.6% - 18.1%) in 2006-07 and has remained stable since. During this time, prescriptions of SGAs more than doubled. SGAs and/or anticonvulsants were prescribed in 78.6% (95%CI: 73.0% - 84.2%) of BPD visits in 2014-2015. Polytherapy increased by approximately 4% every two years and in 2014-15 occurred in over 35% of BPD visits. Antidepressants were prescribed in 40-50% of BPD visits, but their prescriptions without other mood stabilizers decreased from 18.2% (95%CI: 11.7% - 24.8%) in 1998-99 to 5.8% (95%CI: 3.0% - 8.6%) in 2014-15.LimitationsThe sample had limited power to study the effect of individual medications or the potential for differing effects in certain subgroups of patients.ConclusionsThis study further documents the declining prescriptions of lithium for BPD, and corresponding increase in prescriptions of anticonvulsants and SGAs, despite the fact that lithium is typically recommended as a first line therapy for BPD.

Metabolic and Cardiac Side Effects of Second-generation Antipsychotics: What Every Clinician Should Know

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ericka L. Breden ◽  
Mei T. Liu ◽  
Stacey R. Dean ◽  
Toyin S. Tofade
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Antipsychotic Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Physical Health Care

In 2007, 5 of the 7 second-generation antipsychotics were listed in the Top 200 Drugs prescribed by retail sales in the United States. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of natural death in individuals with schizophrenia. Second-generation antipsychotics have been implicated with metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects, and it is important for nonpsychiatric practitioners to be familiar with the monitoring parameters recommended for these agents. This article discusses the risk of weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperprolactinemia, and cardiovascular concerns associated with second-generation antipsychotic agents. It also discusses the proposed mechanisms for each of these adverse effects. Furthermore, it reviews suggested monitoring parameters to help manage cardiovascular disease in this patient population, and to improve the gap that exists between mental health care and physical health care in the schizophrenic population.

Use of a Second Generation Antipsychotic among Patients Diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
David A. Sclar ◽  
Linda M. Robison ◽  
Lawrence J. Cohen ◽  
Kimberly K. Laubmeier ◽  
Iftekhar D. Kalsekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotic

Assimilation of the Puerto Ricans on the Mainland

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
John J. Macisco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Labor Force Status ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
First And Second Generation

Social scientists have repeatedly tried to specify the process whereby assimilation takes place. This article points out the value of socio-demographic analysis in the study of assimilation, by describing the characteristics of Puerto Ricans on the United States mainland. In order to assess the direction of change between the first and second generation Puerto Ricans, data for the total United States population are also presented. Most of the data are drawn from the 1960 Census. First generation Puerto Ricans are compared with the second generation along the following dimensions: age, education, labor force status, income, occupation, age at first marriage, percent outgroup marriage and fertility. The Author concludes that second generation Puerto Ricans are moving in the direction of total United States averages.

Religion, Social Incorporation, and Civic Engagement among Generations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prema A. Kurien
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Immigrant Generation ◽  
Intergenerational Differences ◽  
First And Second Generation

Chapter 5 shows how negotiations and disagreements between generations shape the civic engagement of Mar Thoma American congregations in the United States and India. Recent studies have demonstrated that participation in religious institutions facilitates the civic incorporation of contemporary immigrants. These studies have focused on either the immigrant generation or on the second generation. In one way or another, these studies indicate that concepts of identity and of religious obligation play an important role in motivating civic participation. Not surprisingly, given the different models of religion of immigrants and their children, definitions of community and their perceived Christian obligations toward this community varied between first- and second-generation Mar Thomites. There are no academic studies that examine how intergenerational differences in the understanding of religious and racial identity affect the civic engagement of multigenerational congregations. This is important to understand, however, as most religious institutions of contemporary immigrants are multigenerational.

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