Workforce Entry Including Career and Technical Education and Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 695 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-274
Author(s):  
Burt S. Barnow ◽  
Lois M. Miller ◽  
Jeffrey A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Workforce Development ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Occupational Training ◽  
Career And Technical ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Federal Workforce

This article reviews the basic patterns of employment and school enrollment for new labor market entrants in the period leading up to the Great Recession and in the decade thereafter. We find a persistent shift into four-year colleges that began during the Great Recession. At the same time, fewer youth are neither working nor enrolled in school. We see little change in occupational training programs during our study period, in program or in participation rates; in particular, rates of training provided via federal workforce development programs remain low among workforce entrants. The research literature on these programs has advanced but without large effects on policy or practice.

Incentives and Austerity: How Did the Great Recession Affect Municipal Economic Development Policy?

2020 ◽  
pp. 107808742096425
Author(s):  
Sara Hinkley ◽  
Rachel Weber
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Fiscal Stress ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Fiscal Conditions ◽  
The Face

In addition to cuts in social programs, the Great Recession also affected government expenditures once considered less vulnerable to austerity, such as economic development. Using a comparative case study approach, we examine economic development policies and practices in two cities, sampled for similar economic and fiscal conditions: Fresno, California and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We find that declining state support and local autonomy weakened the municipal economic development function while leaving entrepreneurial logics largely intact. In the face of significant economic and fiscal stress after the Great Recession, both Fresno and Milwaukee remained committed to conventional approaches to stimulating private development, even as their capacity to do so was severely constrained by state pre-emption and cuts in intergovernmental aid. The elimination of city-controlled economic development programs, rescaling of incentives, and state-imposed regulatory restrictions provide a counter-narrative to those claiming that a “new localism” enhanced the role of cities as economic actors after the crisis.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities in health during the Great Recession: A scoping review of the research literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Heggebø ◽  
Anne Grete Tøge ◽  
Espen Dahl ◽  
John Erik Berg
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
English Language ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
The Great Recession

Aims: The so-called ‘Great Recession’ in Europe triggered widespread concerns about population health, as reflected by an upsurge in empirical research on the health impacts of the economic crisis. A growing body of empirical studies has also been devoted to socioeconomic inequalities in health during the Great Recession. The aim of the current study is to summarise this health inequality literature by means of a scoping review. Methods: We have performed a scoping review of the research literature (English language) published in the years 2012–2017. Only empirical papers with (a) health status measured on the individual level, (b) information on socioeconomic position (i.e. employment status, educational level, income/wealth, and/or occupational class), and (c) data from European countries in both pre- and post-crisis years were considered relevant. In total, 49 empirical studies fulfilled these inclusion criteria. Results: The empirical findings in the 49 included studies predominantly show that socioeconomic inequalities in health either increased or remained stable from pre- to post-crisis years. Two-thirds (65%) of the studies found evidence of either increasing or partially increasing health inequalities. Thus, people in lower socioeconomic strata fared worse overall in terms of health during the Great Recession, compared to people with higher socioeconomic status. Conclusions: The Great Recession in Europe tends to be followed by increasing socioeconomic inequalities in health. Policymakers should take note of this finding. Widening socioeconomic inequalities in health is a major cause of concern, in particular if health deterioration among ‘vulnerable groups’ is caused by accelerating cumulative disadvantages.

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