Nina Braunwald: The First Female Cardiothoracic Surgeon

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482098257
Author(s):  
Emily Papai ◽  
Renee Tholey ◽  
Charles J. Yeo ◽  
Tyler R. Grenda
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Women Surgeons ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Prosthetic Mitral Valve ◽  
Cardiothoracic Surgeon ◽  
New Generation

Dr Nina Braunwald is celebrated for her work as the first female cardiothoracic surgeon and her key role in the design and implementation of the first prosthetic mitral valve. She began her residency at Bellevue Hospital in 1952, a time in the United States where the scope of women’s work was limited. Once her training took her to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), her historic flexible leaflet valve was developed and Dr Braunwald paved an innovative step toward the advanced prostheses of today. Afterward, she was recognized by the American Board of Thoracic Surgery in 1963. Her extensive research and educational passion for cardiothoracic surgery led to numerous publications, a leadership role with the NIH, and associate professorship at University of California San Diego and Harvard; leaving behind a significant legacy to be memorialized in awards and fellowships to women in academic cardiac surgery. Her work inspired continued evolution of the prosthetic valve and countless women to pursue surgery as a career before passing away in 1992, leaving behind a new generation of women surgeons. Despite her successful career, she was never promoted to full professor by her academic institutions.

NIH Funding Ranked “Per Capita”: An Alternative Method for Assessing Research Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Kristine M. Kulage ◽  
Joshua R. Massei ◽  
Elaine L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Member ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Schools Of Nursing ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nih Funding ◽  
Member School ◽  
Total Average

Ordinal rankings of schools of nursing by research funding in total dollars awarded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a common metric for demonstrating research productivity; however, these data are not based on the number of doctorally prepared faculty eligible to apply for funding. Therefore, we examined an alternative method for measuring research productivity which accounts for size differences in schools: NIH funding ranked “per capita.” We extracted data on total average funding and compared them with average funding secured per faculty member across top-ranked schools of nursing in the United States from 2013 to 2017. When examining data by number of doctorally prepared faculty, 4 of 12 (33%) schools that ranked lower in total average funding ranked higher in average funding per faculty member. School size is an important but neglected factor in current funding rankings; therefore, we encourage schools to use multiple approaches to track their research productivity.

Plans will raise China's profile in standard-setting

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
International Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Development Feature ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Industry Associations

Significance They establish a framework for building China’s influence in the standard-setting realm over the next 15 years. China has developed a considerable presence in standards development organisations, both at the international level and in industry associations primarily based in the United States and Europe. However, its influence in these forums remains low relative to its ambitions. Impacts China will allow market-driven multistakeholder standards associations a greater role in a process so far coordinated mainly by the state. The Communist Party will maintain an overall leadership role in driving China’s standardisation work. China-led regional forums and China-based multistakeholder associations may in the long term displace US-based forums in specific areas. Environmental protection and 'green development' feature heavily in the guidelines, offering concrete areas for international cooperation. China will look to gain competencies in accreditation, certification, inspection and testing, where it has historically lagged.

scholarly journals Editorial

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (Supl.4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Xóchitl Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
El Paso ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of California ◽  
National Council ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Editorial Committee ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
The University ◽  
Migration And Health

On behalf of the editorial committee of this special edition of the Migration and Health Research Program (Programa de Investigación en Migración y Salud or PIMSA, for its Spanish acronym), the Mexico´s Ministry of Health (SSa), the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (Conacyt), the Health Initiative of the Americas (HIA) at the School of Public Health of the University of California at Berkeley, and The University of Texas at El Paso, we are pleased to introduce this special publication on migration and health between Mexico and the United States...

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