Effect of Transverse Temporal Bone Fracture on the Fluid Compartment of the Inner Ear

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed S. Rizvi ◽  
Kevin P. Gibbin
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
Temporal Bone Fracture ◽  
Complete Obstruction ◽  
Vestibular Hair Cells ◽  
Vestibular Aqueduct ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Transverse Fractures

Five temporal bones exhibiting transverse fractures were studied with a view to determining whether such fractures could lead to symptomatic endolymphatic hydrops. Four out of the five temporal bones showed the fracture line traversing the vestibular aqueduct. Two of these four showed complete obstruction of the endolymphatic duct. One of these had an intact membranous labyrinth and severe endolymphatic hydrops. The other had ruptures of the membranous labyrinth and no hydrops. Three ears exhibited partial preservation of auditory and vestibular hair cells and neurons. These findings are consistent with the concept that a transverse fracture may produce endolymphatic hydrops by obstructing the vestibular aqueduct while preserving enough audiovestibular epithelium and neurons to present as symptomatic Menière's disease.

Temporal Bone Studies of the Human Peripheral Vestibular System

2000 ◽  
Vol 109 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kojiro Tsuji ◽  
Steven D. Rauch ◽  
Conrad Wall ◽  
Luis Velázquez-Villaseñor ◽  
Robert J. Glynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Vestibular Hair Cells ◽  
Scarpa's Ganglion ◽  
Temporal Bones

Quantitative assessments of vestibular hair cells and Scarpa's ganglion cells were performed on 17 temporal bones from 10 individuals who had well-documented clinical evidence of aminoglycoside ototoxicity (streptomycin, kanamycin, and neomycin). Assessment of vestibular hair cells was performed by Nomarski (differential interference contrast) microscopy. Hair cell counts were expressed as densities (number of cells per 0.01 mm2 surface area of the sensory epithelium). The results were compared with age-matched normal data. Streptomycin caused a significant loss of both type I and type II hair cells in all 5 vestibular sense organs. In comparing the ototoxic effect on type I versus type II hair cells, there was greater type I hair cell loss for all 3 cristae, but not for the maculae. The vestibular ototoxic effects of kanamycin appeared to be similar to those of streptomycin, but the small sample size precluded definitive conclusions from being made. Neomycin did not cause loss of vestibular hair cells. Within the limits of this study (maximum postototoxicity survival time of 12 months), there was no significant loss of Scarpa's ganglion cells for any of the 3 drugs. The findings have implications in several clinical areas, including the correlation of vestibular test results to pathological findings, the rehabilitation of patients with vestibular ototoxicity, the use of aminoglycosides to treat Meniere's disease, and the development of a vestibular prosthesis.

Hypoplasia of the Vestibular Aqueduct and Endolymphatic SAC in Endolymphatic Hydrops

1978 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. ORL-327-ORL-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Egami ◽  
Isamu Sando ◽  
F. Owen Black
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac ◽  
Anterior Dislocation ◽  
Posterior Canal ◽  
Vestibular Aqueduct ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Air Cells ◽  
Medial View

Four temporal bones from three previously reported cases showing endolymphatic hydrops and pathology of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) and endolymphatic sac (ES) were investigated further. Pathology of the VA and ES was studied by measuring the sizes of the VA and ES, paying particular attention to the proximal rugose portions. A medial-view graphic reconstruction was created to delineate the course and size of the VA, as well as its correlation with neighboring structures (posterior canal and cochlea). In addition, 20 control temporal bones were selected and measured for quantitative study of the sizes of the VA and ES. The four pathologic temporal bones were shown to have small, simple, tube-like VA and ES, without surrounding bony pathology. This appeared to be congenital hypoplasia characterized by hypoplastic funnel-shaped dilatation of the VA and hypoplastic rugose portion of the ES. Anterior dislocation of the distal portion of the VA and poorly developed periaqueductal air cells were also noted in the pathologic bones. Susceptibility to endolymphatic hydrops, difficulty in radiologic visualization of the VA, and surgical exposure of the ES are discussed in relation to hypoplasia of the VA and ES.

Crosslinks between stereocilia in hair cells of the human and guinea pig vestibular labyrinth

1986 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Jeffries ◽  
James O. Pickles ◽  
Michael P. Osborne ◽  
Peter H. Rhys-Evans ◽  
Spiro D. Comis
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Hair Bundle ◽  
Vestibular Labyrinth ◽  
Vestibular Hair Cells ◽  
Cuticular Plate ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractThe saccules and ampullae of the semicircular canals from human and guinea pig temporal bones were fixed in glutaraldehyde without osmium. Crosslinks were seen between stereocilia of the vestibular hair cells, similar to those previously demonstrated in the guinea pig, although an additional set of crosslinks was displayed: first, horizontal crosslinks were seen between adjacent stereocilia, occupying most of the length of the hair bundle; secondly, a single upward-pointing link ran from the apex of each shorter stereocilium into the shaft of the adjacent taller ster-eocilium; thirdly, an extensive array of horizontal links were demonstrated between stereocilia close to their insertion into the cuticular plate. We suggest that these basal crosslinks support the long vestibular stereocilia rendering them more rigid, and that the upwind pointing crosslinks are responsible for the initiation of sensory transduction.

Anomalies of the Ear in the Pierre Robin Triad

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp M. Gruen ◽  
Alfonso Carranza ◽  
Collin S. Karmody ◽  
Edgar Bachor
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cells ◽  
Vestibular Aqueduct ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Pierre Robin ◽  
Expected Position

Objectives: The Pierre Robin triad (PRT) consists of micrognathia-retrognathia, glossoptosis, and an oval or cleft palate. The goal of this study was to identify patterns of similarity to and differences from the two previous temporal bone studies of the PRT. Methods: Seven children with the PRT (ages, 45 minutes to 2 years; gestational ages, 41 to 43 weeks) were studied. Thirteen temporal bones were decalcified, sectioned at a thickness of 20 μm, and studied by light microscopy. Results: Our study demonstrated multiple architectural anomalies involving the entire ear, including abnormal auricles, and anomalies of the ossicles, including abnormal stapes footplates (6/13). All children showed signs of middle ear infection (12/13). Anomalies of the inner ear included aplasia of the lateral semicircular canals (5/13), a large vestibular aqueduct (2/13), and unusually large otoconia (1/13). In the mastoid process there were islands of cartilage in the expected position of Reichert's cartilage (9/13) and dehiscence of the fallopian canal (11/13). Loss of cochlear hair cells was seen in children who had antemortem hypoxia. Conclusions: Although the PRT is caused by various genes, most anomalies can be traced to the development of the first and second branchial arches.

Otopathologic Changes in the Cochlea following Head Injury without Temporal Bone Fracture

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Ishai ◽  
Renata M. Knoll ◽  
Jenny X. Chen ◽  
Kevin Wong ◽  
Katherine L. Reinshagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Temporal Bone Fracture ◽  
Severe Loss ◽  
History Of

Objective Hearing loss following temporal bone (TB) fracture may result from direct transection of the middle and inner ear. The pathophysiology of hearing loss due to head injury without TB fracture, however, is not well understood. Few reports describe otopathologic findings. Herein, we investigate the pathologic findings of patients who sustained a head injury without evidence of a TB fracture. Study Design Otopathology study. Setting Otopathology laboratory. Subjects Subjects with a history of head injury without TB fracture. Methods The TBs of patients with head injury were evaluated by light microscopy. Inner ear anatomy was evaluated, including counts of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs), hair cells, pillar cells, atrophy of the stria vascularis, and the presence of endolymphatic hydrops. SGC counts were compared with those of historical age-matched controls. Results All cases (N = 6 TBs) had evidence of inner ear pathology. Of the 6 cases, 2 (33%) had severe loss of hair cells in all 3 turns of the cochlea, and 4 (67%) cases demonstrated moderate to severe loss at the basal turn of the cochlea. Four cases had scattered atrophy of the stria vascularis, and 3 (50%) had cochlear hydrops. The number of total SGCs was decreased, with an average 53% loss (range, 25%-79%) as compared with controls. The SGC count loss was evenly distributed along Rosenthal’s canal. Conclusions Patients with a history of head injury without TB fracture demonstrate inner ear pathology. Further studies are necessary to determine if otopathology findings are directly attributable to trauma.

Further studies on the ultrastructure of the cochlea

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Zhixian Wang ◽  
Pinjin Zhu ◽  
Jianhe Sun ◽  
Xuezheng Song
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Hearing Research ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Accurate Observation

Hearing research is important not only for clinical, professional and military medicine, but also for toxicology, gerontology and genetics. Ultrastructure of the cochlea attracts much attention of electron microscopists, (1―3) but the research lags far behind that of the other parts of the organnism. On the basis of careful microdissection, technical improvment and accurate observation, we have got some new findings which have not been reported in the literature.We collected four cochleas from human corpses. Temporal bones dissected 1 h after death and cochleas perfused with fixatives 4 h after death were good enough in terms of preservation of fine structures. SEM:The apical surface of OHCs (Outer hair cells) and DTs (Deiters cells) is narrower than that of IPs (Inner pillar cells). The mosaic configuration of the reticular membrane is not typical. The stereocilia of IHCs (Inner hair cells) are not uniform and some kinocilia could be seen on the OHCs in adults. The epithelial surface of RM (Reissner’s membrane) is not smooth and no mesh could be seen on the mesothelial surface of RM. TEM.

Signaling pathway for apoptosis of vestibular hair cells of Mice due to aminoglycosides

2004 ◽  
Vol 124 (sup551) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Lee ◽  
Takayuki Nakagawa ◽  
Tae Soo Kim ◽  
Fukuichiro Iguchi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Vestibular Hair Cells

Meniere’s attack – a volume or pressure phenomenon?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Idir Djennaoui ◽  
Paul Avan
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Ménière’S Disease ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
Electrophysiological Finding ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings

Meniere’s disease (MD) still raises since its discovery in 1860 pathophysiological and etiopathogenical issues. The main pathophysiological feature that has emerged for decades is an anatomic one, the endolymphatic hydrops (EH), defined by the inflation of the endolymphatic part of the membranous labyrinth. However, the causal relationship between EH and MD has not been proven. Several attempts have been achieved in animals to induce EH. The best known is the blockage of the vestibular duct, which causes a chronic volume inflation of the endolymphatic part. This model is characterized by the discrepancy between electrophysiological findings and scala media inflation. Pressure measurements vary among studies. The endolymphatic infusion model, which attempts to model the acute clinical picture of MD consistently shows pressure equilibration between the endolymphatic and perilymphatic compartments, and rapid recovery of the electrophysiological finding once the injection is stopped.

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