Investigation of Temporal Bone Anatomy by Plastic Moulding and Cryomicrotomy

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wilbrand ◽  
W. Rauschning
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Bone Structures

To increase our understanding of the complex topographic relations between temporal bone structures and to facilitate the interpretation of their radiographic images, two techniques were developed. 1) Plastic moulding of temporal bone specimens using polyester resin and silicone rubber substances providing detailed information and a three-dimensional survey of the structures. Carefully macerated temporal bone specimens are filled with plastic material under vacuum and the bone is then dissolved. The preparations, freed from irrelevant structures and embellished, allow metric evaluation of the different structures and their topographic relations. 2) Automatic serial cryomicrotomy of fresh, deep-frozen temporal bones, using a commercial sledge-cryomicrotome. Photography of the cut surfaces of the specimen, usually at distances of 0.25 to 0.50 mm, allows natural-colour reproduction of minute detail, e.g. the melanin cell area in the cochlea, the smallest vessels on the ossicular surfaces, and the origin of the cochlear aqueduct at the basal turn of the cochlea. By correlating the photographs with images from the corresponding tomographic planes accurate information is obtained for interpretation of the radiographic images. A combination of the two techniques facilitates a detailed study and is a valuable aid in the teaching of temporal bone anatomy.

Three-Dimensional Computer Reconstruction of a Temporal Bone

1989 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lutz ◽  
Akira Takagi ◽  
Ivo P. Janecka ◽  
Isamu Sando
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Computer Graphic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Reconstruction ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Bone Structures ◽  
Graphic Software ◽  
Computer Graphics System

The complexities of the temporal bone and the critical inter-relationships among its key structures can be simplified with three-dimensional computer-assisted reconstruction. Knowledge of the topography of these structures and their mutual relationships in essential in any surgical approach to the temporal bone. Sixty sagittal histologic sections of a normal left temporal bone were examined. Each section, 30 μm in thickness, was optically enlarged. Segments representing the facial nerve, internal carotid artery, and inner ear structures from individual slides were traced and data were entered into a computer. A personal computer was used for data processing and analysis. Graphic software developed in our laboratory generated images with x-y-z coordinates that could be rotated In any plane. The high resolution of the computer graphics system, combined with the precision of histologic sections, permitted study of the critical three-dimensional anatomic relationships among essential intratemporal bone structures. The capability of reproducing individual and joint images of the intratemporal bone structures and viewing them from all surgical angles gives skull base and otologic surgeons Important topographic guidance. Accurate spatial measurements of temporal bone anatomy are now possible with the application of computer graphic technology.

Surgical considerations during cochlear implantation: the utility of temporal bone computed tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Beomcho Jun ◽  
Sunwha Song
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Posterior Tympanotomy ◽  
Electrode Insertion ◽  
Window Approach ◽  
Bone Structures

Abstract Objective This paper describes the construction of portals for electrode placement during cochlear implantation and emphasises the utility of pre-operative temporal bone three-dimensional computed tomography. Methods Temporal bone three-dimensional computed tomography was used to plan portal creation for electrode insertion. Results Pre-operative temporal bone three-dimensional computed tomography can be used to determine the orientation of temporal bone structures, which is important for mastoidectomy, posterior tympanotomy and cochleostomy, and when using the round window approach. Conclusion It is essential to create appropriate portals (from the mastoid cortex to the cochlea) in a step-by-step manner, to ensure the safe insertion of electrodes into the scala tympani. Pre-operative three-dimensional temporal bone computed tomography is invaluable in this respect.

scholarly journals Review of temporal bone dissection teaching: how it was, is and will be

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P George ◽  
R De
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temporal Bone Anatomy ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

AbstractObjective:We aimed to review the history of anatomical dissection, and to examine how modern educational techniques will change the way temporal bone dissection is taught to otolaryngology trainees.Method:Review of the literature using Medline, Embase and PubMed database searches.Results:Temporal bone anatomy has traditionally been taught using cadaveric specimens. However, resources such as three-dimensional reconstructed models and ‘virtual reality’ temporal bone simulators have a place in educating the otolaryngology trainee.Conclusion:We should encourage the use of fresh frozen cadaveric temporal bone specimens for future otologists. Artificial three-dimensional models and virtual reality temporal bone simulators can be used to educate junior trainees, thus conserving the scarce resource of cadaveric bones.

Temporal bone Pneumatization in Otosclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Ganc ◽  
Robert W. Jyung
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Temporal Bone Pneumatization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temporal Bones

Objectives To determine whether there is a difference in the pneumatization of temporal bones with otosclerosis versus normal temporal bones. Methods A retrospective study of 46 ears from 24 adult patients with otosclerosis and 64 ears from 47 adult patients in a control group. The study group included temporal bone CT scans available from patients with otosclerosis. The control group consisted of patients who had temporal bone CTs for reasons likely unrelated to a history of middle ear disease. Data were obtained with a virtual reality system that allows three-dimensional manipulation and analysis. Results The temporal bone pneumatization for the otosclerosis group was 4.82 ± 2.27 cm3 vs 6.06 ± 2.71 cm3 for the control group. Two-sample t test analysis revealed no statistical significance ( P = 0.059) between pneumatization in the control vs otosclerosis groups. Conclusion There is no difference in temporal bone pneumatization between patients with otosclerosis and a control population. Therefore, temporal bone pneumatization by itself is not an adequate explanation for the apparent protective effect of otosclerosis against otitis media. © 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.

scholarly journals Impact of temporal bone dissection on the understanding anatomy of the ear among medical students

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
K. C. Prasad ◽  
Prathyusha K. ◽  
Shreeharsha Maruvala ◽  
Harshita T. R. ◽  
Indu Varsha Gopi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operative Procedures ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
The Impact

<p class="abstract">The aim was to study the impact of temporal bone dissection demonstrations on understanding anatomy of the ear among medical students. During a period of six months from October 2017 to March 2018, 10 cadaveric temporal bones dissections were demonstrated using ZEISS microscope and in the presence of medical students headed by a Consultant Otolaryngologist in the department of ENT, Sri Devaraj URS Medical College and Research Centre, Kolar. Anatomy of the middle ear and inner ear and various operative procedures were demonstrated. The students were divided into 2 groups. Group I comprised students who attended the temporal bone dissection and Group II included those who didn’t attend dissection. After the session both the groups were assessed by the consultant. Scores were given to the group individuals based on the ability to answer the questions. 10 Temporal bone dissections were demonstrated in 6 months period to medical students who were divided into 2 groups based on their attendance of the demonstration. The students of both groups were assessed. Scores were given by Likert scale-5point scale question. The results of our study proved that those students who attended the temporal bone dissection (Group-I) had better understanding of the anatomy and operative procedures of the ear as compared to students in group II. Demonstration of temporal bone dissection to the medical students had a good impact on their understanding of the three dimensional anatomy of the ear.</p>

Experimental Viral Infections of the Inner Ear II. Simian Virus 40 Induced Tumors of the Temporal Bone

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Davis ◽  
George T. Nager ◽  
Richard T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Choroid Plexus Papilloma ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Temporal Bones

Pathological and virological studies were performed on temporal bones of 23 hamsters which developed tumors subsequent to neonatal inoculation of simian virus 40 (SV40). Four to five months after viral inoculation, 22 hamsters developed undifferentiated sarcomas in the subcutaneous space adjacent to the temporal bone. Nine tumors invaded the temporal bone, occasionally extending to the subarachnoid space but not to the inner ear. Choroid plexus papillomas developed in four animals, with one tumor demonstrating invasion of the cochlear aqueduct, internal auditory canal, and cochlear modiolus. Cells grown from a sarcoma and a choroid plexus papilloma contained tumor antigen and established that the tumors were SV40 virus induced.

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Measurement of the Vestibular End-Organs

1988 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Takagi ◽  
Isamu Sando ◽  
Akira Takagi ◽  
Isamu Sando
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Small Computer ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Vestibular Endorgans ◽  
Length And Area ◽  
Bone Structures

It is very valuable for temporal bone morphologists to be able to recognize temporal bone serial sections in three dimensions and to be able to measure temporal bone structures three-dimensionally. We can now do 3-dimensional reconstruction to visualize the structures of vestibular endorgans (utricular and saccular maculae) and measure these endorgans in space by means of a small computer system and software that we developed. As well as obtaining the dimensions—such as length and area—of the utricular and saccular maculae, we also found that (1) most of the utricular macula lies in one plane, which is the same as the plane of the lateral semicircular canal, (2) the saccular macula is shaped like part of a sphere, and (3) the angle between the two maculae is less than a right angle. Such knowledge is indispensable to the evaluation of the function of the utricular and saccular maculae.)

Cholesteatoma in three dimensions: a teaching tool and an aid to improved pre-operative consent

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Morris ◽  
R G Van Wijhe
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Teaching Tool ◽  
Surgical Experience ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractBackground:Otological surgeons face two recurring challenges. Firstly, we must foster an appreciation of the complex, three-dimensional anatomy of the temporal bone in order to enable our trainees to operate safely and independently. Secondly, we must explain to our patients the necessity for surgery which carries the potential for serious complication.Methods:Amira® software was applied to pre-operative computed tomography images of temporal bones with cholesteatoma, to create three-dimensional computer images. Normal structures and cholesteatoma were displayed in a user-friendly, interactive format, allowing both trainee and patient to visualise disease and important structures within the temporal bone.Results:Three cases, and their three-dimensional computer models are presented. Zoom, rotation and transparency functions complemented the three-dimensional effect.Conclusion:These three-dimensional models provided a useful adjunct to cadaveric temporal bone dissection and surgical experience for our residents' teaching programme. Also, patients with cholesteatoma reported a better understanding of their pre-operative condition when the models were used during the consenting process.

Surgical Anatomy of the Temporal Bone in the Chinchilla

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Browning ◽  
Mark S. Granich
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
It Projects ◽  
External Canal ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Bone Structures ◽  
The Brain

The chinchilla is of value in otological research for many reasons, including the surgical accessibility of the majority of structures within its temporal bone. This paper describes the anatomy of the chinchilla's temporal bone, and four surgical approaches to the labyrinth and ossicular chain, three through the bulla and the other via the external canal. No one approach reveals all the temporal bone structures, and each route is therefore more suited to some surgical procedures than others. The cochlea is particularly accessible for microsurgical procedures because it projects into the labyrinthine part of the bulla and because its bony capsule is thin. Surgery in the posterior cranial fossae is both hazardous and difficult; the hazard is bleeding from the venous sinuses which run within the occipital and temporal bones, and the difficulty is the limited access due to the intervening cerebellum and the closeness of the brain stem.

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