A Technique for the Objective Assessment of Routine Analytical Methods in Clinical Laboratories Using Pattern Recognition

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob T P Jansen ◽  
F W Pijpers ◽  
G A J M De Valk
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Bias Drift ◽  
Clinical Laboratories

A technique is presented to assess objectively the reliability of analytical methods used routinely in clinical laboratories. From the Netherlands National Coupled External/Internal Quality Control Programme information can be gathered about the performance of routine analytical methods. The performance of a method in a trial is described by four ‘features’: the accuracy of a method; its day to-day precision; its susceptibility to give erroneous results (eg, extreme bias, drift, extreme week-to-week variations); and its susceptibility to give systematic errors for different laboratories. These four features obtained in a trial for a given analytical method determine the position of a ‘pattern’ in the four-dimensional space. The results of six trials discussed in this paper provided six ‘patterns' per analytical method. Using pattern recognition techniques, clusters of patterns were detected in the four-dimensional space. A weighting procedure revealed the relative importance of the various features for discrimination between the detected clusters. For various blood components, different features are of importance for this discrimination. Patterns belonging to the same clusters appeared to be patterns of the same (or comparable) analytical methods; thus analytical methods could be distinguished from each other. The means of the feature values of the patterns in a cluster determine the quality of that cluster. Thus the quality of an analytical method can be objectively assessed. Some tentative conclusions on the validity of analytical methods are given.

Comparison of Routine Analytical Methods in the Netherlands for Seven Serum Constituents Using Pattern Recognition

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob T P Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Quality Control Program

Routine analytical methods for seven serum analytes (calcium, chloride, cholesterol, glucose, inorganic phosphate, urate, and urea) are assessed using data from the Netherlands coupled external/internal quality control program. From the results of a trial each method can be described by four features: measures of bias, between-day precision, tendency to give erroneous results, interlaboratory variance. These four features of each trial determine a vectorpoint in the four-dimensional space for a particular method. From 12 trials a maximum of 12 vectorpoints per analytical method was obtained. Pattern recognition techniques allowed the detection of clusters of vectorpoints. Analytical methods having vectorpoints classified in different clusters perform differently. The mean feature values of the vectorpoints forming a cluster determine the quality of that cluster. A weighting procedure reveals the importance of the respective features for discriminating the clusters. For all of the seven analytes, clusters of vectorpoints were found. Different features appeared to contain discriminatory power for different analytes. For six analytes (calcium, chloride, cholesterol, glucose, inorganic phosphate, and urea) an analytical method was found to classify predominantly in the qualitative best cluster. One analytical method for the determination of chloride and one for glucose, inorganic phosphate, and urea did not cluster at all.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Assessment of Flow and Other Analytical Methods Dedicated to the Determination of Zinc in Water

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3914
Author(s):  
Paweł Kościelniak ◽  
Paweł Mateusz Nowak ◽  
Joanna Kozak ◽  
Marcin Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Green Analytical Chemistry ◽  
General Quality ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
High Degree

An original strategy to evaluate analytical procedures is proposed and applied to verify if the flow-based methods, generally favorable in terms of green chemistry, are competitive when their evaluation also relies on other criteria. To this end, eight methods for the determination of zinc in waters, including four flow-based ones, were compared and the Red–Green–Blue (RGB) model was exploited. This model takes into account several features related to the general quality of an analytical method, namely, its analytical efficiency, compliance with the green analytical chemistry, as well as practical and economic usefulness. Amongst the investigated methods, the best was the flow-based spectrofluorimetric one, and a negative example was that one involving a flow module, ICP ionization and MS detection, which was very good in analytical terms, but worse in relation to other aspects, which significantly limits its overall potential. Good assessments were also noted for non-flow electrochemical methods, which attract attention with a high degree of balance of features and, therefore, high versatility. The original attempt to confront several worldwide accepted analytical strategies, although to some extent subjective and with limitations, provides interesting information and indications, establishing a novel direction towards the development and evaluation of analytical methods.

Validation of analytical methods: the international requirements

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
V. B. Baranovskaya ◽  
M. Yu. Medvedevskikh
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Metrological Certification ◽  
Metrological Characteristics ◽  
Fitness For Purpose ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
Development And Validation

Analytical method is the most important part of chemical analysis, an action guide for the analyst and carrier of information about the metrological characteristics. To confirm the parameters and legitimize the methodology, Russian specialists traditionally use the procedure of metrological certification in accordance with GOST 8.563-2009. Validation of analytical procedures or analytical methods is a concept recently accepted in Russia and causes confusion in many domestic experts. However, this internationally accepted concept is actively used for long to assure the quality of chemical analysis. The European Community for Metrology in Analytical Chemistry (Eurachem) has developed a guide to validation of analytical methods «The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods»; many articles have been published on this issue. This article is devoted to generalization of the similar features and individual differences in certification, validation and verification of the methods of chemical analysis. Metrological characteristics of the analytical methods are also considered. An emphasis is made on the procedure of estimating the uncertainty as the most important stage in the development and validation of the analytical method.

scholarly journals Formulation and Development of a Validated UV-Spectrophotometric Analytical Method of Rutin Tablet

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad N. Abualhasan ◽  
Jumana Mansour ◽  
Nidal Jaradat ◽  
Abdel Naser Zaid ◽  
Ibrahim Khadra
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Oral Dosage Forms

Rutin is available in some foods, fruits, and vegetables. It has various beneficial medical effects making it useful in the treatment of various diseases. Rutin is available in different oral dosage forms such as tablets or capsules, widely available in the market. Rutin and many herbal medicines lack quality control due to unavailability of analytical methods. In this study, we formulated rutin tablet and studied its stability using a simple developed analytical method. The dissolution profile of our formulated tablet was also inspected. The results showed that our developed method was linear (R2=0.999), precise (% RSD = 0.026), and accurate (% recovery = 98.55–103.34). The formulated rutin tablet was stable under accelerated conditions as well as room temperature for 150 days (% assay > 91.69). The dissolution profile over 45 minutes of our formulated tablet showed a better dissolution (26.5%) compared with the internationally marketed Rutin® tablet (18.5%). This study can serve as a guideline to companies that manufacture herbal products to improve their formulated herbs and apply validated analytical methods to check the quality of their product.

The objective assessment of the quality of hospital care: dream or reality?

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (43) ◽  
pp. 2033-2041
Author(s):  
Éva Belicza ◽  
Erika Takács
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Care ◽  
Objective Assessment

A nemzetközi szakirodalom egyre gyakrabban foglalkozik azzal a kérdéssel, hogy a minőségi indikátorokra támaszkodó nyilvános minőségértékelésnek mi a hatása az ellátás minőségére és az érintettek döntésére vonatkozóan, illetve melyek azok a kritériumok, amelyek mentén nyilvános minőségértékelési rendszereket célszerű kialakítani. A nemzetközi szakirodalom alapján a dolgozat hat témakört mutat be: (1) az indikátorok képessége a szolgáltatók megkülönböztetésére; (2) az eredményindikátorok alkalmassága a szolgáltatók megítélésére; (3) a bajnoki tabellák képessége a szolgáltatók rangsorolására; (4) a lakosság viselkedése a szolgáltatók választása során; (5) az indikátorokra támaszkodó nyilvános minősítések hatásai; (6) ajánlások minősítési rendszerek kidolgozására. A szakirodalmi kutatások szerint elsősorban a kockázatkiegyenlítési problémák miatt az indikátorok képessége a szolgáltatók megkülönböztetésére a nyújtott ellátás minősége szempontjából kérdéses; az elért ellátási eredmények nem feltétlenül utalnak vissza az ellátási folyamatok minőségére; a több indikátorból komponált intézményi sorrendek (bajnoki tabellák) nem megbízhatóak; a lakosság a szolgáltatók kiválasztásakor elsősorban a környezet véleményét és a távolságot veszi figyelembe; és a nyilvános közlések hatására igazoltan romlik az ellátás átfogó minősége. A szolgáltatók értékelésében alkalmazott mérési eredmények közzétételét eszköznek kell tekinteni. A lakosság intézményválasztásának elősegítésére az ő preferenciáik mentén végzett betegelégedettségi vizsgálatok nyilvánossá tétele hozhatja meg a kívánt eredményt. A minőségfejlesztési célokat igazoltan segítik a szolgáltatói körben végzett közvetlen visszajelzések az indikátorok mért értékeiről, illetve pontosabb kép kapható az ellátási és szervezési folyamatok, standardok egységes felülvizsgálatára alapozott eljárások külső értékelési rendszerekbe történő beemelésével.

KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK: KEADILAN DAN PENGETAHUAN PAJAK KPP MALANG SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Sukma Perdana ◽  
Rosyid Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tax Education

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fairness and tax knowledge on compliance of individual taxpayers in Malang. The analytical method used in this study is multiple regression. Based on the results of the analysis found evidence that simultaneously or partially justice and tax knowledge affect the compliance of Individual Taxpayers in Malang. In order to improve taxpayer compliance, the KPP Pratama office in Malang provides taxation knowledge to the public through intensive, consistent and sustainable tax education. In addition, it is necessary to increase the quantity and quality of tax education counseling so that the public's tax knowledge increases and become more aware and compliant in carrying out their tax obligations. In addition, taxpayers to learn more and understand the regulations regarding taxation so that they can improve their compliance as taxpayers Keywords: Justice, tax knowledge and taxpayer compliance

Nondestructive Quality Evaluation of Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 544c-544
Author(s):  
A. Hakim ◽  
A. Purvis ◽  
E. Pehu ◽  
I. Voipio ◽  
E. Kaukovirta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Fluorescence Techniques ◽  
Nondestructive Quality ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

Both external and internal quality of fruits such as tomatoes can be evaluated by different methods, but all most all of the methods are destructive. For this reason, there is a need to reassess some of the alternative techniques. Nondestructive quality evaluation is an attractive alternative. The principles of different nondestructive quality evaluation techniques such as optical, physical, and fluorescence techniques applied to tomato fruit is explained. Successful application of these techniques that could be used for evaluation of different quality attributes are illustrated. The advantages of nondestructive quality evaluation techniques are that they are very fast, easy, labor- and time-intensive, and inexpensive. These techniques could also be useful to evaluate the quality of other vegetables.

scholarly journals Internal Quality Evolution of Open-Source Software Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5690
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Alenezi
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Software Evolution ◽  
Quality Metrics ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Software Metric ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The evolution of software is necessary for the success of software systems. Studying the evolution of software and understanding it is a vocal topic of study in software engineering. One of the primary concepts of software evolution is that the internal quality of a software system declines when it evolves. In this paper, the method of evolution of the internal quality of object-oriented open-source software systems has been examined by applying a software metric approach. More specifically, we analyze how software systems evolve over versions regarding size and the relationship between size and different internal quality metrics. The results and observations of this research include: (i) there is a significant difference between different systems concerning the LOC variable (ii) there is a significant correlation between all pairwise comparisons of internal quality metrics, and (iii) the effect of complexity and inheritance on the LOC was positive and significant, while the effect of Coupling and Cohesion was not significant.

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