A Blood Spot Assay for Apo A1 and B Lipoproteins and the Apo B/A1 Ratio

A study of conditions for the elution of apo A1 and B lipopoproteins from dried blood spots has led to the development of an apo B/A1 ratio assay with results for dried blood spots which are comparable with serum assays. This assay has been developed to be suitable for large scale population screening. The concept of measuring ratios for co-eluting blood constituents improves the accuracy and precision of blood spot assays and opens up the possibility that patients could take their own blood sample and send it to the laboratory by post.

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Neonatal apo A-I, apo B, and apo(a) Levels in Dried Blood Spots in an Australian Population

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-199011000-00016 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 496-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

X L Wang ◽

D E L Wilcken ◽

N P B Dudman

Keyword(s):

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Australian Population ◽

Apo B ◽

Blood Spots

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A ‘Dilute and Shoot’ Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Multiclass Drug Analysis in Pre-Cut Dried Blood Spots

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3068

Author(s):

Lucia Mainero Rocca ◽

Nunziata L’Episcopo ◽

Andrea Gordiani ◽

Matteo Vitali ◽

Alessandro Staderini

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Occupational Safety ◽

Method Development ◽

Beta Blockers ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Drug Analysis ◽

Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Study Results

Drugs able to affect the auditory and nervous systems and consumed by workers to treatdifferent pathologies can represent a possible source of risk in the work environment. All the target compounds involved in the presented project show ototoxic and/or narcoleptic side effects and, for these reasons, occupational safety organizations have recognized them as potential causes of work injuries. A multiclass method for the analysis of 15 drugs among the most widespread worldwide (belonging to nine different classes including antihistamines, beta-blockers, antidepressants, Z-drugs and opioids), was developed and validated. This study describes a rapid, sensitive and effective method to analyse these substances in whole blood using tailored pre-cut dried blood spots. Detection was achieved with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer after an easy and simple ‘dilute and shoot’ solubilisation followed by an UPLC separation. All the issues linked to the use of the dried blood spots and whole blood, such as haematocrit variability, volumetric evaluation and sample carrier choice were carefully studied and managed during method development. From the validation study results it emerged that this approach can be deemed successful thanks to its few pg µL−1 LOQs, good linear intervals, absolute recoveries of no less than 75%, an almost negligible matrix effect and accuracy and precision in line with the European and American guidelines for validation. All the obtained goals have been specifically pursued in order to encourage method diffusion as a primary prevention intervention, even in small private workplaces.

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Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for ivermectin quantification in dried blood spots: application to a pharmacokinetic study inTrichuris trichiura-infected adults

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/c8ay00828k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (24) ◽

pp. 2901-2909 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jessica D. Schulz ◽

Anna Neodo ◽

Jean T. Coulibaly ◽

Jennifer Keiser

Keyword(s):

Pharmacokinetic Study ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Trichuris Trichiura ◽

Dried Blood Spot ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Blood Spot

Ivermectin was quantified in dried blood spot and plasma samples derived fromTrichuris trichiura-infected adults with a validated LC-MS/MS method.

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Measurement of gonadotropins in dried blood spots

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/40.3.448 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 448-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

C M Worthman ◽

J F Stallings

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Serial Sampling ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Blood Spot

Abstract We describe direct immunofluorometric assays for luteinizing hormone (hLH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) in fingerstick blood spots dried on filter paper, based on modifications of commercially available kits. Determinations are made from 2.5-mm-diameter discs (3 microL of dried blood) punched out from blood spot standards and samples. Sample dose detection limits of the assays (IU/L) are 0.26 for LH and 0.13 for FSH, with mean interassay CVs of 11.6% (LH) and 7.8% (FSH) at low concentrations. Analytical recoveries of added hormone averaged 100% for LH and 95% for FSH. Clinical studies showed that values for blood spots (x) and directly assayed plasma (y) are highly correlated, so that results from blood spots can be converted directly to plasma equivalents, as follows: yLH = 0.07 + 1.90 xLH, and yFSH = 0.424 + 2.207 xFSH. These gonadotropins are stable in blood spots for at least a year under refrigeration; LH for at least 8 weeks and FSH 6 weeks at 22 degrees C; and both hormones for a week at 37 degrees C. These methods thus allow self-sampling, serial sampling, and mailing of specimens.

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Developing a large scale population screening tool for the assessment of Parkinson's disease using telephone-quality voice

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ◽

10.1121/1.5100272 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 145 (5) ◽

pp. 2871-2884 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Siddharth Arora ◽

Ladan Baghai-Ravary ◽

Athanasios Tsanas

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Large Scale ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Population Screening ◽

Scale Population

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Preanalytical considerations in therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants with dried blood spots

Diagnosis ◽

10.1515/dx-2018-0034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Adrian Klak ◽

Steven Pauwels ◽

Pieter Vermeersch

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽

Drug Monitoring ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Drying Time ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Home Based ◽

The Impact ◽

Blood Spot

Abstract Background Dried blood spots (DBSs) could allow patients to prepare their own samples at home and send them to the laboratory for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of immunosuppressants. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the impact of DBS-related preanalytical factors on TDM of tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus. Content Blood spot volume, blood spot inhomogeneity, stability of analytes in DBS and hematocrit (Hct) effects are considered important DBS-related preanalytical factors. In addition, the influence of drying time has recently been identified as a noteworthy preanalytical factor. Tacrolimus is not significantly influenced by these factors. Sirolimus and everolimus are more prone to heat degradation and exhibited variations in recovery which were dependent on Hct and drying time. Summary and outlook DBS-related preanalytical factors can have a significant impact on TDM for immunosuppressants. Tacrolimus is not significantly influenced by the studied preanalytical factors and is a viable candidate for DBS sampling. For sirolimus and everolimus more validation of preanalytical factors is needed. In particular, drying conditions need to be examined further, as current protocols may mask Hct-dependent effects on recovery. Further validation is also necessary for home-based self-sampling of immunosuppressants as the sampling quality is variable.

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Measurement of Glycated Hemoglobin A1c from Dried Blood by Turbidimetric Immunoassay

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology ◽

10.1177/193229680900300527 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 1203-1206 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ramakrishnan Lakshmy ◽

Ruby Gupta

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hemoglobin A1c ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin A1c ◽

The Impact

Background: Glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) is an important marker in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Dried blood measurement of A1C is useful in large scale epidemiological evaluation of A1C, especially to assess the impact of intervention programs. The possibility of using dried blood for measurement of A1C by the immunoturbidimetric method was explored in the present study. Method: Blood was collected from 30 patients, and blood spots were prepared and dried. The dried blood spot samples were kept for different lengths of time at 4°C to assess stability. Glycated hemoglobin was measured in whole blood and dried blood on the day of collection as well as on days 10 and 15 by immunoturbidimetric method. Results: The A1C values of 30 samples analyzed for comparison between whole blood estimation and dried blood ranged from 4.6% to 9.9%. The mean A1C on the day of sample collection was 6.01% ± 1.58% in fresh whole blood samples and 5.94% ± 1.58 % in dried blood spots. A linear and highly correlated relationship was observed between dried blood A1C values and those in whole blood ( r = 0.986 and intraclass correlation value = 0.993). Glycated hemoglobin values on day 10 and day 15 were comparable with the values on day 1 with a shift in mean of just 1% on day 10 and 3.04% on day 15. Conclusion: In conclusion, dried blood can be used for measurement of A1C by immunoturbidimetric method, and further stability of A1C measurement from dried blood for up to 15 days at 4°C makes it an ideal matrix for transportation in developing countries like India.

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