Assessment of Corruption Level as a Component of Governance Indicator: International Experience and Russian Practices

As corruptions is one of the most important problems in most modern states, its assessment forms an important part of integral governance indicator. Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), a technique, worked out by The World Bank, is widely used in the international level. Since 2019 the technique “Methodology of Conducting Sociological Surveys for Corruption Assessment in the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation” (further in the text — Methodology of the Russian Federation Government), adopted by the Government Decree of the Russian Federation, is used in the national level. The main purpose of the present research is to evaluate how the national methodology of corruption assessment reflects the quality of governance in this sphere. The research focuses on the main techniques for corruption assessment in different levels. The study analyses the main scientific statements for corruption assessment as a component of integral quality indicator of governance. Secondary data of corruption survey’s findings formed the information and empirical base of the research. The novelty of the study is in developing original author’s approach towards methodological aspects of comprehensive governance assessment. It was found that the national methodology is an alternative approach, characterizing the quality of governance in this sphere. The research revealed several drawbacks of the indicative methodology issued by the World Bank. The Methodology of the Russian Federation Government more appropriately reflects the corruption level and more accurately characterizes the governance quality in the sphere of fighting corruption in the regions of the Russian Federation.

Quality and safety of Italian school buildings: Towards a governance indicator

This study is the beginning of a project regarding the correlation between school governance and the quality of education. The conceptual framework is designed in line with the tools for assessment shown by Hocking, Stolton, and Dudley (2000) and with the key principles for the World Bank’s WWF Alliance for Terrestrial Protected Areas (Stolton, Hockings, Dudley, MacKinnon, & Whitten, 2003).

Good Public Governance in Islamic Perspective: An Analysis on the World Governance Indicator in OIC Member Countries

This study seeks to reveal the suitability of Islamic teachings with Good Public Governance (GPG), which in recent decades, has become a concern of various countries in the world. By exploring many reputable references, it is known that there is a match between the governance index published by the World Bank and the teachings of Islam. Practically even OIC has made the issue of good public governance represented by the governance index as a common goal of all its members. However, the facts show that the governance index in various OIC member countries is still relatively low compared to other countries. Therefore, all OIC member countries need to enhance further the implementation of Islamic teachings in the management of the country to produce better governance.

PENGARUH TATA KELOLA TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN TUJUAN DESENTRALISASI FISKAL

Indonesia has embarked fiscal decentralization policy for more than 20 years. While the results are still varying across the regions, governance seems to be one of the causes of existing condition. The study analyze the impact of governance to the link between General Allocation Fund (DAU) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Employing governance indicator from kemitraan in 2012, this research compares the relationship within good governance province (east Java) and bad governance provinces (Papua and West Papua). This study results argue that governance matters in achieving fiscal decentralization objectives. Another result also confirm that education level has positive connection fiscal decentralization outcomes only in province with good governance indicator. Indonesia telah menerapkan kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal lebih dari 20 tahun yang lalu. Dengan hasil yang masih bervariasi belum sesuai di berbagai daerah. Beberapa studi mengindikasikan bahwa perbedaan ini disebabkan oleh faktor tata kelola dari masing-masing pemerintahan daerah. Studi ini menganalisis pengaruh dari tata kelola terhadap hubungan antara Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) dan Produk Domestik Bruto(PDB). Menggunakan data indeks tata kelola dari kemitraan.or.id pada tahun 2012, penelitian ini menguji pengaruh variabel tata kelola pada daerah dengan indeks tata kelola baik (Jawa Timur) dan daerah dengan tata kelola buruk (Papua dan Papua Barat). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola memiliki pengaruh dalam mencapai tujuan desentralisasi fiskal. Hasil yang yang lain juga mengkonfirmasi bahwa tingkat pendidikan memiliki pengaruh signifikan bagi PDB hanya pada daerah yang memiliki tata kelola yang baik.

Measuring Governance: Developing a Novel Metric for Assessing the Translation of Policies into Action in Nepal

Background The Nutrition Governance Indicator (NGI) defines a first standardized approach to quantifying the ‘quality of governance’ in relation to national plans of action to accelerate improvements in nutrition. It was created in response to growing demand for evidence-based measures that reveal opportunities and challenges as nutrition-related policies on paper are translated into outcomes on the ground. Past efforts to measure ‘governance’, most notably the WHO’s Nutrition Governance Indicator and Hunger and Nutrition Commitment Index (HANCI) lack granularity below the national level, and failure to capture pinch points relating to necessary cross-sectoral actions. The NGI addresses these caveats. This paper introduces the approach that underpins the NGI, discusses its methodology and demonstrates its application in the context of Nepal. Methods The NGI was developed using principal components analysis techniques. The resulting score was standardized to a more intuitive scale ranging from 0 to 100, and categorized into quintiles. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test for reliability in addition to testing for goodness of fit using confirmatory factor analysis methods. The data used to derive the index were obtained from 520 participants in the Policy and Science for Health, Agriculture and Nutrition (PoSHAN) study, a prospective and nationally representative longitudinal survey conducted across 21 districts and three agro-ecological zones of Nepal. Results The NGI passed validity tests with the exception of two fit indices. Two of the six domains passed the reliability test (Understanding nutrition and Collaboration), the Financial resources domain marginally passed at 0.70 criteria of Nunally, while the remaining domains need re-assessment to improve their reliability. The Nepal Health sector showed the most improvement in mean NGI score over a two-year period followed by the Agricultural sector. About half of all health sector representatives were more likely to have a high score compared to other sectors (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.36 – 0.74). Conclusion Using two panels of data collected in Nepal, this paper has shown that policy-to-action translation can be quantified and applied to sub-national institutions. These findings underscore the practical utility of the index and its importance to the nutrition policy realm.

Indonesia Islamic Banking Readiness in Facing the ASEAN Economic Community, in Terms of Islamic Banking Disclosure and Performance Indices

This research is aimed to analyze the level of openness of Indonesia Islamic Banking which is viewed from Islamic Banking Disclosure Index based on Sharia Compliance Indicator, Corporate Governance Indicator and Social/Environment Indicator. This research is used the quantitative and qualitative methods. The use of a quantitative method in this research looks at the evaluation of Islamic Banking Performance Index, and the use of the qualitative method in this research looks at the evaluation of Islamic Banking Disclosure Index. The result of research showed Islamic Banking Disclosure Index of Indonesia Islamic Banking higher than ASEAN Islamic Banking. The average of Islamic Banking Disclosure Index of Indonesia Islamic Banking has amounted 82.71%, higher than ASEAN that is amounted 52.40%. Based on the analysis of Islamic Banking Disclosure Index is concluded that Indonesia Islamic Banking more open to revealing the information/publication related to Sharia Compliance Indicator, Corporate Governance Indicator and Social/Environment Indicator and Islamic Banking Performance Index.

Related party transactions, corporate governance and earnings management

Purpose Following the contingency perspective, this paper aims to examine if a good corporate governance structure is able to reduce earnings management made through related party transactions. The authors expect that a high-quality corporate governance influences private benefit acquisition and reduces the positive association between related party transactions and earnings management. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage least squares instrumental variable approach is used to further address endogeneity concerns in this study. The model is organized into three parts: the construction of the corporate governance indicator, the first stage regression to compute the predicted corporate governance indicator and the second stage regression (ordinary least squares multivariate regressions) to analyze the relationship between related party transactions and earnings management. The analysis focuses on a sample of Italian listed companies over the period 2007-2012. Findings The study finds that the interaction between sales-related party transactions and corporate governance is negatively associated with abnormal accruals, signaling that corporate governance quality reduces the positive association between sales-related party transactions and earnings management, consistently with the contingency perspective. Originality/value The research contributes to literature by empirically testing the assumption of contingency perspective. In particular, the results provide new insights to the academic community, underlying that good corporate governance mechanism helps to reduce earnings management behavior through related party transactions.

Measuring Governance

The field of governance indicators boasts a wide and sometimes confusing abundance of competing indicators derived from different sources and methodologies. This chapter connects the arguments posed throughout this volume, delineates the frontiers of the indicators field, and identifies key challenges ahead, particularly for researchers and indicator developers. Throughout the chapter, it becomes clear that the most fruitful distinction among governance indicator systems is their purpose: indicators intended to raise public and government awareness of societal problems require distinctly different designs and standards than those intended for theory testing and effective policy design.

The Reproducibility of Governance Indicators

Reproducibility is a core tenant of scientific enquiry, including the study of governance and government outputs. Having full access to the data and procedures that researchers used to study a phenomenon is vital for being able to understand and trust their findings. This chapter sets out best practices for the reproducibility of governance indicators. For a governance indicator project to be ‘really reproducible’, the full data as well as data gathering and analysis procedures should be easily and persistently accessible. Indicator development should be fully documented, especially via a version control system. The chapter surveys the status quo level of reproducibility among prominent governance indicator projects. While most had some reproduction material available, none were really reproducible. The chapter concludes with recommendations, including calling for a shared governance indicator hosting service that focuses on encouraging reproducibility.