Some Thoughts on India, China and Asia-Pacific Regional Security

China Report ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivshankar Menon
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
International System ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
Shifting Balance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Thucydides Trap ◽  
India And China

No region has changed as much as Asia in the last three decades, with China and several other powers rising, the return of geopolitics, a shifting balance of power and instability heightening the uncertainty caused by the continuing crisis of the world economy. The key to unlocking a possible Thucydides trap for China and the USA lies in Asia and its security architecture. India and China are both drivers of change and are simultaneously reacting to these shifts. Their behaviour with each other and in the international system has changed in the last decade. India–China relations are causally central to Asia-Pacific security. This article examines how India and China might be successful in adjusting to the challenges that their success has brought them internally, bilaterally, regionally and globally.

The Russia-India-China Trio in the Changing International System

2016 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Dongxiao ◽  
Feng Shuai
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Politics ◽  
International System ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Eurasian Continent ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
India And China

Shifting power balances on the Eurasian continent present both challenges and opportunities for further trilateral cooperation among Russia, India, and China (RIC). The call for a new Asia-Pacific security architecture underscores the strategic importance of a closer trilateral relationship. From a macro perspective, the current international system and regional structure offer favorable conditions for building a strategic RIC trio, yet at the micro level, major barriers will largely remain with regard to the domestic politics, public perceptions and policy implementation of the three countries. Only by strengthening strategic planning and operational cooperation while drawing lessons from the development of other multilateral cooperation mechanisms, can the three countries advance their strategic ties to a new level.

Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate: Blockade or Impe- tus for the International Climate Regime?

elni Review ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Christoph Holtwisch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
International Climate Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
International Climate

The Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate [APP or AP6] is a very new phenomenon in international climate policy. It has important effects on the traditional climate regime formed by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change [FCCC] and its Kyoto Protocol [KP]. From its own point of view, the APP is a grouping of key nations to address serious and long-term challenges, including anthropogenic climate change. The APP partners - Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea and the USA - represent roughly half the world economy and population, energy consumption and global greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, this “coalition of the emitting” is – and will be – a central factor in international climate policy.

US-led Alliances and Contemporary International Security Disorder: Comparative Responses of the Transatlantic and Asia-Pacific Alliance Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-298
Author(s):  
Mason Richey
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
International Order ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Path Dependent

US-led security architectures in the Asia-Pacific and Europe are experiencing pressure due to ongoing geostrategic transformation in these regions, most notably the rapid expansion of China’s power, North Korea’s nuclear brinkmanship and Russia’s renewed aggressive adventurism. These readjustments have often been examined through the prism of changing balance of power between the US-led liberal international forces and revisionist powers aiming to alter the international order. Going beyond this analysis in the literature, this article sheds lights on the ways in which the USA has attempted and is attempting to reshape US-led alliances in the Asia-Pacific and Europe. The article finds that the US-led alliance systems and security partnerships will continue to evolve divergently due both to their different path-dependent identities and the different types of challenges they face regionally.

Traversing the Romance of a Liberal International Order: The Democratic Peace Thesis and the Regional Security Problematique in South Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-360
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar H. M.
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
South Asia ◽  
International System ◽  
International Order ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Moral High Ground

The democratic peace hypothesis, which is embedded in the neo-Kantian romance of liberal cosmopolitan idealism, was framed in the spatiotemporal context of the Cold War bipolarity. Michael Doyle, who is one of its proponents, invoked the Kantian philosophical abstraction of ‘the perpetual peace’ by providing an intellectual defence and moral high ground for the values of the Liberal Capitalist world. In the post–Cold War setting, Francis Fukuyama re-casted the hypothesis and portrayed the triumph of liberal international order as ‘the end of history’. He attempted to reframe the democratic peace thesis, not only to celebrate liberal values as the normative exemplar for ordering a post–Cold War international system but also to provide an intellectual defence for the newly emerging space for American leadership in a post-hegemonic international system. This intellectual defence of the ethical supremacy of liberal idealism in the world, shaped by the leadership of the USA, was entrenched in the epistemological Imperialism of the West. Besides, it also reflected an exclusionary idea of the history of international relations that was heavily grounded in the chronology of the post-Westphalia international order. Situating ourselves in this framework, this article is an attempt to critique the epistemic foundations of the democratic peace hypothesis, by deconstructing its assertions in the geostrategic context of the regional security architecture in South Asia. The article criticizes the democratic peace thesis, using an analysis of the Kargil conflict (1999) between India and Pakistan, and by placing ourselves in the epistemological framework of the historical turn in international relations.

Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum: From Hedging to Underbalancing

2021 ◽  
pp. 234779702110416
Author(s):  
Edna Caroline
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Neoclassical Realism ◽  
Strategic Response ◽  
Strategic Behaviour ◽  
Realist Analysis ◽  
The Usa

This article examines why Indonesia’s vision of the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) was not properly developed in accordance to its strategic response to the increased rivalry between China and the USA in the Asia-Pacific region. Although the GMF initially focussed on achieving domestic agendas, Indonesia’s implicit intention is to utilise the GMF as a hedge in order to strengthen economic cooperation with China while keeping the USA engaged in the region’s security architecture. My article seeks to go beyond the existing literature’s employment of primarily structural realist analysis to understand Indonesia’s strategic behaviour by applying a neoclassical realist approach to Indonesia’s case, which better demonstrates current conditions exhibiting how conflicting elite interests generate political discord which in turn hinders the state’s ability to extract and mobilise domestic resources, ultimately hampering Indonesia’s ability to achieve its GMF goals. Although certain threats and opportunities within the international system have manifested themselves to actively encourage the proper implementation of GMF, this strategy remains underdeveloped since the time of its launch. Neoclassical realism provides a better explanation that enhances our understanding of how Indonesia assesses and responds to its strategic environment.

State Representative: The Thucydides Trap and the Future of Global Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Helal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International System ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Great Power ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Political Drama ◽  
Thucydides Trap

Imagining an alternative institutional and normative architecture for global governance must proceed on the bases of an identification and understanding of the principal challenges facing the international system. In my view, the gravest challenge facing the international system, and perhaps the greatest political drama of the twenty-first century, is the ongoing shift in the global balance of power. As we move from a U.S.-led unipolar system to a world in which non-Western powers, particularly China, exercise greater influence in international affairs, the foremost priority for global governance is to ensure that this transition proceeds peacefully and to minimize the potential for Great Power conflict, especially between the United States and China.

scholarly journals Modern challenges in the Asia-Pacific

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Khudoliy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Military Relations

The article deals with American-Chinese and American-Indian relationships in the 21st century. The researcher focused on political, military and economic aspects of cooperation between Washington and Beijing, Washington and New Deli over the last few years of the twenty-first century. The author of the article has analyzed major tendencies of development of American-Chinese relationships in the context of bilateral cooperation during the presidency of Barack Obama and Donald Trump. The economic and security activities of China, oriented to a strengthening of leadership positions of Beijing, as a key actor, in the regional policy were detailed. Along with it, the author shifted attention to Washington priorities in bilateral relations considering its pragmatic purposes and national interests which considerably influence foreign policy course of the United States. Despite close relations between the USA and the People’s Republic of China, there are factors that set limits for the strategic partnerships between the two countries. The author analyzed not only foreign policy of the United States but also the foreign policy strategy of China that hides interventionism behind the economic policy, trade, economic activity and projects such as ‘One belt, one road’. Some cases of conflict situations between China and its neighbors are analyzed in order to highlight problems. The author analyzed definite political and economic steps made by President Trump in order to strengthen American positions and regional security. Under the support of Washington, India, Japan, and Australia play more important roles as regional actors. India’s role in the regional confrontation between the United States and China is well depicted. Since 2017 India increased its positions in exporting goods and services to the United States, which is one of the main markets after China and the EU. Nevertheless, the USA is still a key player in the region. So, developing trade, financial and military relations, the USA is attempting not only to preserve, but also to strengthen its own positions in the Asia-Pacific and, as a result, to contain China.

The Strategic “Reversal” of the USA in Asia: Evolution of the Approaches

2014 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
S. Starkin ◽  
I. Ryzhov
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Military Exercises ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Current Article

The purpose of current article is to analyze current foreign policy of USA in Asian region, which are widely defined by US politicians as the “reversal” to Asia. The key-elements of this strategy include noticeable military presence, regular military exercises, geopolitical expansion from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, as well as preservation of American leadership and containment of growing China`s influence inside the region. Later the policy transformed into the so-called Pivot, which means a significant increase in diplomatic, economic and strategic U.S. investment in Asia Pacific. While conducting its new political line Barack Obama`s administration initiated U.S. participation in different geopolitical issues of the Asia-Pacific region, such as the issue of the South China Sea, dispute over Chinese dams on Mekong River and so on. Obama’s initiatives are considered by China as U.S. interference into regional affairs. Moreover, many politicians and experts predict that "Georgian scenario" could repeat in the region. This will lead to deterioration of multilateral relations due to increased presence of USA inside Asia-Pacific. Analyzing the American approaches to formation of the regional security architecture the authors come to the conclusion that US administration aims to contain China in the Indo-Pacific geostrategic area. In mid-term, this policy provokes aggravation of a number of disturbing trends in the region. Basically, it becomes less stable and integrated. Apparently, US policy will lead to further deterioration of relations between USA and China. Under such circumstances, Russia should conduct cautious maneuvering between the two poles of power and stick to a policy of non-interference.

scholarly journals China and India in the Beginning of the 21st Century: Between Rivalry and Cooperation

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
K.G. Muratshina
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
China And India ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
The One ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
India And China

The relationship between such Asia-Pacific powers, as India and China, has recently become a significant factor of how regional security is being maintained and how efficient the regional multilateral cooperation can be. The two states are close neighbours, possessing a long border, and both are presented in high-profile international institutions, e. g. the BRICS. At the same time, they are involved in a long-term border controversy, which sometimes pushes the relations to the verge of war. In addition, India and China are diverged by contradictions in other areas, primarily in economic aspects, and their competition for influence at the international level and in various regions of the Global South. The aim of this paper is to trace, how the Sino-Indian conflict, on the one hand, and their cooperation, on the other hand, developed throughout the recent 20 years, and try to answer the question, how it all shaped their status for each other, namely, the one of a partner, a rival or an enemy. The author consequently studies the landmark events in border conflict since the beginning of the 21st century, the political exchanges between China and India meanwhile, and the basic trends of economic and military cooperation and competition between the two countries. In conclusion, the results of the research are presented, and the possible impact of Sino-Indian ambivalent relationship on Russian policy towards them and on the work of international institutions involving both countries, is discussed.

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