scholarly journals Causes of School Bullying

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byongook Moon ◽  
Hye-Won Hwang ◽  
John D. McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
School Bullying ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Differential Association Theory ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
General Strain ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
Research And Policy

A growing number of studies indicate the ubiquity of school bullying: It is a global concern, regardless of cultural differences. Little previous research has examined whether leading criminological theories can explain bullying, despite the commonality between bullying and delinquency. The current investigation uses longitudinal data on 655 Korean youth, in three schools, to examine the applicability of leading criminological theories (general theory of crime, differential association theory, and general strain theory) in explaining school bullying. Overall, our findings indicate limited support for the generality of these three leading criminological theories in explaining the etiology of bullying. However, the findings show the significant effects of school-generated strains (teachers’ physical and emotional punishment and examination related strain) on bullying. Directions for future research and policy implications of these findings are discussed.

Scared or Attached? Unraveling Important Links in Strain–Crime Relationships Among School Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1175-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Kuptsevych-Timmer ◽  
Olena Antonaccio ◽  
Ekaterina V. Botchkovar ◽  
William R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
School Students ◽  
Decomposition Procedure ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
General Strain ◽  
The Relationship

Drawing on general strain theory of crime, the study employs the survey data from a random sample of 600 school students in Lviv, Ukraine, to examine how sanction risks and social bonds mediate and moderate the relationship between strain and adolescent delinquency. Findings from negative binomial regressions and the KHB decomposition procedure demonstrate that fear of sanctions and levels of social control mediate the relationships between strain and delinquency to a different degree, depending on the type of strain experienced. Results concerning conditioning effects are mixed, with only parental monitoring found to be a moderator of the strain–delinquency link. However, the direction of the interaction effect is unexpected. Future research needs to improve the specification of strain models and evaluate them in other sociocultural contexts.

Examining the Effect of Ineffective Parenting and Low Self-Control on Athletes’ PED Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-447
Author(s):  
Saeed Kabiri ◽  
Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat ◽  
Christopher M. Donner
Keyword(s):  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Different Levels

The prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use at different levels of professional sport has become an important social issue, particularly when considering recent high-profile incidents from professional sports and the Olympics. Due to the myriad of individual, team, and sociopolitical consequences that can stem from PED use, it becomes critical to study the etiology of PED involvement among athletes regarding this deviant behavior. Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime is one such theory that may aid in explaining this phenomenon. As such, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between effective parenting, self-control, and athletes’ use of banned PEDs. Survey data from 784 professional athletes in Iran were collected, and the findings indicated that ineffective parenting, low self-control capacity, and self-control desire had significant effects on PED use. In addition, moderation effects and gender analyses were examined. Specific findings, policy implications, and study limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals Telehealth uptake in general practice as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Centaine L. Snoswell ◽  
Liam J. Caffery ◽  
Helen M. Haydon ◽  
Emma E. Thomas ◽  
Anthony C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Research And Policy

In March 2020, the Australian Government added new temporary telehealth services to the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) to reduce the risk of patient–patient and patient–clinician transmission of the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19). Here, the MBS statistics for general practitioner activity and the associated costs are described; a small increase in both activity and costs for the new MBS telehealth items were observed. The opportunities for future research and policy implications are also discussed.

Can the General Theory of Crime and General Strain Theory Explain Cyberbullying Perpetration?

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Lianos ◽  
Andrew McGrath
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
General Strain Theory ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Self Control ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
General Strain ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Cyberbullying is an increasingly common characteristic of contemporary online communication. The current study surveyed 320 Internet-active young adults and found up to 80% reported engaging in this behavior at least once. In addition, the ability of the general theory of crime and general strain theory to explain cyberbullying perpetration was tested. Evidence for both theories was observed, with both low self-control and higher levels of strain related to cyberbullying perpetration. Furthermore, opportunity (operationalized as moderate and high number of hours online) interacted with low self-control to increase perpetration, and anger partially mediated the relationship between strain and cyberbullying. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Shifts in Energy Consumption Driven by Urbanization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Sadorsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Important Milestone

The year 2007 marked an important milestone as, for the first time in history, the world’s urban population passed 50%. An increase in urbanization brings new opportunities and new challenges with respect to business, society, and the economy as increases in urbanization are associated with greater economic activity. One particular area of interest is how urbanization affects energy consumption. This chapter surveys recent theoretical and empirical contributions on the relationship between urbanization and energy consumption. The chapter first sets out the conceptual framework and some empirical observations on the relationship between energy consumption and urbanization. This is followed by sections that provide a more detailed review of the empirical evidence linking energy consumption with urbanization. The chapter concludes with some limitations from existing empirical studies, suggestions for future research, and policy implications.

A Multi-Informant Study of the Role of Household Disorder in Low Self-Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1977-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan B. Jackson ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Social Controls ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Low Self Control

The current study expands upon Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) General Theory of Crime by examining associations between multiple forms of household disorder and low self-control, as well as the potential for attenuated informal social controls within the home to account for these associations. Multi-informant data from the Fragile Families & Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) are employed in the present study. Multiple regression-based techniques (e.g., negative binomial regression, logistic regression) are executed in a stepwise fashion to address our research questions. The findings indicate that one form of household disorder in particular, Household Health/Safety Hazards, yielded significant associations with low self-control across multiple model specifications. Informal social control exerted by parents within the home did not appear to explain this relationship. Future research should consider the possibility that certain forms of disorder in the immediate ecological context of the home may attenuate self-control and should explore other potential explanations of the findings.

Fanning the Flames: Understanding Gang Involvement Among Philippine Prisoners

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-447
Author(s):  
Sou Lee ◽  
Raymund E. Narag
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Reform Strategies ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Current Reform ◽  
Inmate Adjustment ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
Research And Policy

Utilizing intensive interview and observational data from inmates in one of the most overcrowded and underresourced jail in Metro Manila, Philippines, this study presents the first in-depth analysis of the factors associated with pangkat (prison gangs) and querna (nongang affiliation) membership. The results suggest that inmates join pangkats to ensure their safety and survival. In contrast, those who remain unaffiliated do so given their negative perceptions of the pangkat, sufficient access to social support, and desire to maintain their preprison identity. Furthermore, these major themes are situated within a modified general strain framework, which integrates traditional models of inmate adjustment, namely, deprivation, importation, and coping perspectives. In light of these findings, several implications for future research and policy are advanced, including the continued application of traditional criminological theories for understanding incarcerated populations and the formal integration of pangkats to jail administration given the lack of current reform strategies for addressing structural and institutional deficiencies.

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