Is Rehabilitation Dead?

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour L. Halleck ◽  
Ann D. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Crime Problem ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Rehabilitation Adherence ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Economic Crimes

This paper examines rising crime rates, findings on the relative effectiveness of deterrence and rehabilitation, and the rise of a civil rights movement in correction, all of which have led to greater emphasis on deterrence and incapacitation and less emphasis on rehabilitation in correctional philosophy and practice. The conclusiveness of the findings that "nothing rehabilitates" and "deterrence works" is questioned. A more careful reading of existing evidence leads to no decisive conclusion on the relative effectiveness of these two philosophies of correction. Much of the failure of rehabilitative programs to date stems from programs limited in duration and quality and evaluated for their ability to alter lifestyles dramatically; many that have been shown to be failures are the result of an inadequate tailoring to offender problems. The great increase in economic crimes points to the need to improve the economic opportunities of offenders rather than altering personality. The civil rights movement in correction alerts us to the need for curbs on certain types of rehabilitative programs, but it should not force us to abandon all attempts at rehabilitation. Adherence to a strict deterrence philosophy because of its economic and humanistic cost is questioned. Finally, a more careful application of rehabilitative programs and their continued use are called for as one approach to the crime problem.

The Context of Civil Rights Litigation

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Times ◽  
Big Events ◽  
Legal Defense

Part 2 provides the context for civil rights litigation and includes chapter 3, “Big Events”; chapter 4, “The Tenor of the Times”; chapter 5, “Arrests of Lawyers (and Other ‘Minor Indignities’)”; and chapter 6, “Modes of Law Practice.” Some of the stories arise from big events like the 1965 Selma march, the 1968 Democratic Convention, and the first civil damages verdict against the KKK in Mississippi. Other stories provide the tenor of the times: the atmosphere of mass meetings, marches, and boycotts; the frustration of unsuccessfully seeking damages for police brutality; abuses encountered for being married to a civil rights lawyer. Arrests of and assaults on civil rights lawyers were not uncommon. The growth in civil rights protests and demonstrations required a great increase in the number of lawyers to represent the movement. This chapter explores how those needs were met: by nonprofits (like the Legal Defense Fund, LCDC [Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee], and the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law); by government funded legal services, and by an emerging group of lawyers in private practice, both black and white, who aligned themselves with the civil rights movement

Not as It Is Written

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-100
Author(s):  
Benjamin Houston
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
International Exhibition ◽  
Black Experience ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Life ◽  
Made In

This article discusses an international exhibition that detailed the recent history of African Americans in Pittsburgh. Methodologically, the exhibition paired oral history excerpts with selected historic photographs to evoke a sense of Black life during the twentieth century. Thematically, showcasing the Black experience in Pittsburgh provided a chance to provoke among a wider public more nuanced understandings of the civil rights movement, an era particularly prone to problematic and superficial misreadings, but also to interject an African American perspective into the scholarship on deindustrializing cities, a literature which treats racism mostly in white-centric terms. This essay focuses on the choices made in reconciling these thematic and methodological dimensions when designing this exhibition.

Too Close for Comfort: Canada, the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, and the North American Colo(u)r Line

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asa McKercher
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
North American ◽  
The North ◽  
The U.S

Too Close for Comfort: Canada, the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, and the North American Colo(u)r Line

Innovation by Political Outsiders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Women's Suffrage ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Nineteenth Amendment ◽  
Suffrage Movement ◽  
Communication Goals ◽  
Print Era ◽  
Women’S Suffrage

This chapter explores communication innovations made by American social movements over time. These movements share political communication goals and outsider status, which helps to connect innovation decisions across movements and across time. The chapter primarily explores two long-lasting movements. First is the women’s suffrage movement, which lasted over seventy years of the print era from the mid-nineteenth century until the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. Next is the long-lasting fight against racial discrimination, which led to the modern civil rights movement starting in the print era, but coming of age along with television during the 1950s and 1960s. Both the women’s suffrage movement and civil rights movement utilized innovative tactics with similarly mild results until mainstream coverage improved. Finally, these historical movements are compared with movements emerging during the internet era, including the early Tea Party, Occupy Wall Street, Black Lives Matter, and the Resist movement.

Religion, Race, and Sports

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Scholes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
The United States ◽  
Baseball Player ◽  
Sports History ◽  
Jim Crow Era ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
African American Race

Race, religion, and sports may seem like odd bedfellows, but, in fact, all three have been interacting with each other since the emergence of modern sports in the United States over a century ago. It was the sport of boxing that saw a black man become a champion at the height of the Jim Crow era and a baseball player who broke the color barrier two decades before the civil rights movement began. In this chapter, the role that religion has played in these and other instances where race (the African American race in particular) and sports have collided will be examined for its impact on the relationship between race and sports. The association of race, religion, and sports is not accidental. The chapter demonstrates that all three are co-constitutive of and dependent on each other for their meaning at these chosen junctures in American sports history.

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