The Role of Human Factors in Dental Education

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi F. Lucaccini ◽  
Dale W. Podshadley ◽  
Leonard H. Kreit
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Dental Professionals

Current projections of the growth in demand for dental treatment services in the United States indicate that the increase in demand anticipated by the end of the coming decade will far outstrip the expected growth in the number of practicing dental professionals. A significant increase in the productivity of the average practitioner is necessary if the anticipated demand for services is to be met. More efficient means of delivering high quality dental service must be developed and reflected in the training of dental and dental auxiliary students. Current research and development activities in dental education toward this goal are described. Some areas of dental education particularly amenable to human factors technology are considered. Suggestions are offered for means whereby the human factors community can become more closely acquainted with the goals of dental education programs and contribute effectively to the attainment of these goals.

Job Placement: An Unseemly Occupation?

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-207
Author(s):  
Donald E. Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Counselor Education ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Job Placement ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Service Training

The author addresses what he sees as the paradoxical or inconsistent posture of rehabilitation educators and administrators who pay lip service to the central role of job placement in the rehabilitation process but fail to provide sufficient training or effective administrative support systems to ensure that clients receive high quality placement assistance. The author suggests that some may see job placement as “academically tainted and professionally unseemly,” The author plays “devil's advocate” by suggesting that those who hold such views would need to support their position by accepting one of four proposition: 1) Work is not important. 2) Clients of rehabilitation agencies do not need special job placement assistance. 3) Agencies have been successful in job placement and should redirect their allention elsewhere. 4) Counselor education programs and in-service training efforts have equipped practicing rehabilitation counsellors with all requisite skills and knowledge to do effective placement. The author then disputes each proposition drawing from available evidence and concludes by arguing for more concerted and systematic attention to job placement as a professional practice and a vital service to clients.

scholarly journals On the Study of Higher Education in Canadian Universities

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-114
Author(s):  
Michael L. Skolnik
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
Higher Education Journals ◽  
Canadian Higher Education ◽  
Limited Scale ◽  
Student Demand ◽  
The University

Although research on Canadian higher education has advanced considerably over the past few decades, the opportunities for university level study of higher education in Canada are still quite limited. Only four universities offer higher education programs; only one has a higher education department; and only a handful of other institutions offer even a course in higher education. The number of students enrolled in higher education programs in Canada is about 200, compared to about 6,000 in the United States; the number of faculty about 15 compared to 700 in the U.S. Moreover, while American higher education journals have, since the early 1970's, regularly featured articles about university higher education programs, there has not been a single article on this subject in The Canadian Journal of Higher Education. This paper attempts to fill some of that gap by providing some basic information about the study of higher education in Canadian universities and by examining the role of these programs in the overall development of higher education research and the possible reasons for the very limited scale of such programs in Canada. The author's conclusion is that the factor which has most limited the development of higher education studies in Canadian universities is neither insufficient student demand nor limited employment opportunities of graduates, but reluctance of Canadian universities to allocate resources for this area of study. This reluctance is attributed to the combination of the low prestige of higher education as a field of study and the lack of a strong lobby for this program area outside the university. It is suggested that - in contrast to their American counterparts - presently Canadian higher education programs have less than the minimum resources necessary to make the advances that would be required to overcome this "prestige barrier".

Two Case Studies in Human Factors in Healthcare

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Richard Pak ◽  
Nicole Fink ◽  
Margaux Price ◽  
Dina Battisto
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Patient

The delivery and consumption of health care services and information is in rapid change due to the introduction of technology, socio-political considerations (in the United States), and the change in population demographics (i.e., the “baby boom generation”). This chapter discusses some of these trends and their implications for two specific stakeholders in the health care system: the nurse and the older patient. In two case studies the authors report on the application of human factors methods to better understand the role of the built-environment on nursing work and the role of technology acceptance issues in older adult usage of electronic personal health records. The authors hope to show that while the challenges are great, the application of human factors methods can help increase performance, safety, and satisfaction for both nurse and older patient.

scholarly journals Does High-Quality Preschool Benefit Children? What the Research Shows

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Universal Preschool ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
American Children

Despite research showing that high-quality early education can be extremely beneficial, a large percentage of American children do not attend preschool. In addition, children from low-income families are less likely to enroll in preschool and more likely to attend low-quality early education programs. One reason for this outcome involves low spending on early education. In comparison with many industrialized nations, the United States spends little on preschool education, allowing other countries to be ahead in this area. This paper summarizes the findings of research on preschool education. It also offers a few ideas on improving early education programs and reasons for implementing universal preschool.

scholarly journals Dental care for drug users in Norway: Dental professionals’ attitudes to treatment and experiences with interprofessional collaboration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Hovden ◽  
Vibeke Ansteinsson ◽  
Ingrid Volden Klepaker ◽  
Eeva Widström ◽  
Rasa Skudutyte-Rystad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
Poor Compliance ◽  
Dental Hygienists ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Interprofessional Communication ◽  
Dental Professionals

Abstract Background: The present study aimed to assess dental professionals’ attitudes and experiences related to the dental treatment of drug users and to interprofessional collaboration with the rehabilitation institutions (RIs).Methods: The study population comprised 141 dentists and dental hygienists (response rate 73%) working in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in three counties in Norway. All of the participants completed an electronically distributed questionnaire on existing practices and experiences regarding dental treatment for drug users and interprofessional collaboration with RIs. The Norwegian Centre for Research Data (NSD) approved the study.Results: Thirty-five percent of the dentists and 10% of the dental hygienists had treated five or more drug users per month (p < 0.05). The majority of dentists and dental hygienists used more time for examination and treatment of drug users compared to other patient groups. Over 70% of dental clinicians considered drug users as demanding patients due to fear, missing appointments, and poor compliance with oral hygiene advice. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that attitudes and experiences with dental treatment of drug users were significantly associated with background characteristics of professionals. The overall perception was that drug users often had higher expectations of dental treatment than what could be defined as necessary care and provided by the PDS. One-third of dental professionals reported that they were satisfied with the collaboration they had with RIs . Most of the respondents agreed that personnel from RIs could positively influence interprofessional collaboration by having sufficient knowledge of drug users statutory rights to free of charge dental treatment, as well as by close follow-up and motivation of patients before dental treatment.Conclusions: Dental professionals perceived the management of drug users as demanding due to dental fear, difficulties in coping with appointments, poor compliance to preventive measures, and disagreement between dental treatment defined as necessary and drug users’ expectations. Attitudes and experiences related to dental treatment of drug users were significantly associated with background characteristics of clinicians. Organizational barriers regarding leadership, accessibility, and collaborative routines, as well as lack of interprofessional communication, suggest current models of health care delivery to drug users need reviewing.

Examining the Role of the Hiawatha Service in the Milwaukee-Chicago Corridor

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Sperry ◽  
Ethan Johnson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rail Service

In recent years, the policy and regulatory environment for intercity passenger rail in the United States has shifted dramatically. To support the resulting increase in intercity passenger rail planning activities, there is a need to understand the roles for passenger rail service in an intercity corridor, including who is using the service and how it is being used. Using on-board passenger survey data, this paper examines the role of the Hiawatha Service in the modal mix of the dense Milwaukee-Chicago intercity corridor. Primary trip purposes among Hiawatha Service travelers include personal trips, work commutes, and business trips. In the absence of the Hiawatha Service, more than 85 percent of passengers would travel via alternative travel modes. Consequently, it is estimated that the Hiawatha Service removes nearly 400,000 vehicles and 32 million vehicle-miles (51 million vehicle-km) traveled from the congested Milwaukee-Chicago corridor annually. As the nation moves forward with significant investment in intercity passenger rail, there are lessons to be learned from the Hiawatha Service, both for rail service planning and the formation of transportation policy. For rail planning, this research indicates that the proper service configurations can result in a variety of trip purposes being accommodated on the route; this raises additional challenges when considering service elements such as on-board amenities. From a policy perspective, these findings present a compelling argument for continued investment in intercity passenger rail because they demonstrate that the availability of high-quality passenger rail service in the right corridor can have meaningful impacts on highway congestion, regional economic development and job access, and air quality and greenhouse gas emissions.

Critical Race Structuralism: The Role of Science Education in Teaching Social Justice Issues in Urban Education and Pre-Service Teacher Education Programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 004208592093775
Author(s):  
Greg Wiggan ◽  
Michelle B. Pass ◽  
Sonja R. Gadd
Keyword(s):  
Urban Education ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Environmental Racism ◽  
Science Technology

Using critical race structuralism (CRS), a new contribution, as well as primary and secondary data, this article explores the role of science in teaching social justice issues in urban education. In the United States, a teaching workforce, which is predominately White, middle class, and female, intersects with an increasingly diverse student population, creating a need for culturally responsive teaching practices, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), and science, technology, engineering, arts, and math (STEAM) classes. An investigation of existing literature reveals the need for greater emphasis on environmental racism and social justice as they pertain to students living in low-income and urban communities. Our findings reveal that CRS can be utilized in a collective effort to transform teacher education programs and teacher pedagogy, to effectively address environmental racism and other social justice issues in urban schools and communities.

scholarly journals Dental care for drug users in Norway: dental professionals’ attitudes to treatment and experiences with interprofessional collaboration

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa S. Hovden ◽  
Vibeke E. Ansteinsson ◽  
Ingrid Volden Klepaker ◽  
Eeva Widström ◽  
Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
Poor Compliance ◽  
Dental Hygienists ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Interprofessional Communication ◽  
Dental Professionals

Abstract Background The present study aimed to assess dental professionals’ attitudes and experiences related to the dental treatment of drug users and to interprofessional collaboration with the rehabilitation institutions (RIs). Methods The study population comprised 141 dentists and dental hygienists (response rate 73%) working in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in three counties in Norway. All of the participants completed an electronically distributed questionnaire on existing practices and experiences regarding dental treatment for drug users and interprofessional collaboration with RIs. The Norwegian Centre for Research Data (NSD) approved the study. Results Thirty-five percent of the dentists and 10% of the dental hygienists had treated five or more drug users per month (p <  0.05). The majority of dentists and dental hygienists used more time for examination and treatment of drug users compared to other patient groups. Over 70% of dental clinicians considered drug users as demanding patients due to fear, missing appointments, and poor compliance with oral hygiene advice. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that attitudes and experiences with dental treatment of drug users were significantly associated with background characteristics of professionals. The overall perception was that drug users often had higher expectations of dental treatment than what could be defined as necessary care and provided by the PDS. One-third of dental professionals reported that they were satisfied with the collaboration they had with RIs. Most of the respondents agreed that personnel from RIs could positively influence interprofessional collaboration by having sufficient knowledge of drug users statutory rights to free of charge dental treatment, as well as by close follow-up and motivation of patients before dental treatment. Conclusions Dental professionals perceived the management of drug users as demanding due to dental fear, difficulties in coping with appointments, poor compliance to preventive measures, and disagreement between dental treatment defined as necessary and drug users’ expectations. Attitudes and experiences related to dental treatment of drug users were significantly associated with background characteristics of clinicians. Organizational barriers regarding leadership, accessibility, and collaborative routines, as well as lack of interprofessional communication, suggest current models of health care delivery to drug users need reviewing.

Job Talk

1963 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 373-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huesten Collingwood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Executive Director ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community School ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
To Come ◽  
Manpower Needs

In its first three years of operation, approximately one fourth of the specialized agencies for the blind, and a number of community school systems throughout the United States listed vacancies with PRS. It is known that at least 15 per cent of the vacancies listed were filled as a result of referrals made by PRS, including six executive director positions. Eight hundred and twenty-nine individuals registered with PRS in this time. Registrations were stimulated by regular advertising in various professional publications and by other sources. About one-third of the persons who registered on the practitioner-supervisory level were blind, including a number of teachers for whom there is little demand according to the job orders placed with PRS. Employers have been generally reluctant or unable to offer salaries which would be likely to induce high quality persons with good experience to come into the field of blindness. The Advisory Committee of PRS placed high priority on the educational role of PRS in generally improving personnel standards, practices and salary levels.* It is planned that greater attention will be given to these broad areas of professional manpower needs.

A Critique of Values: Clarification in Drug Education

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chwee Lye Chng
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Values Clarification ◽  
Ethical Relativism ◽  
Drug Education ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Value System ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social

Values clarification is today widely used in drug education programs in the United States. The premise is that decisions pertaining to whether to use drugs or to abstain are a direct function of a confused value system. The purpose of values clarification is to assist individuals both to structure and operationalize a value system which is personally satisfying and socially acceptable. In an attempt to raise questions regarding its efficacy to influence drug use, criticisms will be offered on the following areas: the role of content in valuing, the position of “ethical relativism,” the danger of indoctrination, and the social pressure to conform.

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