Union Threat Effects and the Decline in Employer-Provided Health Insurance

ILR Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-445
Author(s):  
Craig A. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
State Level ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Private Sector Union ◽  
Threat Effect

Employer-provided health insurance decreased by an average of almost 0.6 percentage points per year for adults aged 18 to 64 who were working full-time in the private sector between 1983 and 2007. Most of this decline was among non-union workers. This study reports estimates that suggest the decrease was caused by a decline employers faced in the threat of being unionized, as measured by the drop in state-level private-sector union density over the 25 years and across the 50 states. The author hypothesizes the decline in union density caused some non-union employers to decide not to offer health insurance. The study shows the importance of accounting for measurement error in union density when estimating the declining threat effect of unionization on non-union employer-provided health insurance coverage.

scholarly journals Union Effects on Health Insurance Provision and Coverage in the United States

ILR Review ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Buchmueller ◽  
John Dinardo ◽  
Robert G. Valletta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Private Sector Union

During the past two decades, union density has declined in the United States and employer provision of health benefits has changed substantially in extent and form. Using individual survey data spanning the years 1983–97 combined with employer survey data for 1993, the authors update and extend previous analyses of private-sector union effects on employer-provided health benefits. They find that the union effect on health insurance coverage rates has fallen somewhat but remains large, due to an increase over time in the union effect on employee “take-up” of offered insurance, and that declining unionization explains 20–35% of the decline in employee health coverage. The increasing union take-up effect is linked to union effects on employees' direct costs for health insurance and the availability of retiree coverage.

scholarly journals Association of Maternal Citizenship and State-Level Immigrant Policies With Health Insurance Coverage Among US-Born Latino Youths

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. e2021876
Author(s):  
Cinthya K. Alberto ◽  
Jessie Kemmick Pintor ◽  
Maria-Elena Young ◽  
Loni Philip Tabb ◽  
Ana Martínez-Donate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Immigrant Policies

Income, Social Stratification, Class, and Private Health Insurance: A Study of the Baltimore Metropolitan Area

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caries Muntaner ◽  
Ellen Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Full Time

Most studies of inequalities and access to health care have used income as the sole indicator of social stratification. Despite the significance of social theory in health insurance research, there are no empirical studies comparing the ability of different models of social stratification to predict health insurance coverage. The aim of this study is to provide a comparative analysis using a variety of theory-driven indicators of social stratification and assess the relative strength of the association between these indicators and private health insurance. Data were collected in a 1993 telephone interview of a random digit dialing sample of the white population in the Baltimore Metropolitan Statistical Area. Indicators of social stratification included employment status, full-time work, education, occupation, industry, household income, firm size, and three types of assets: ownership, organizational, and skill/credential. The association between social stratification and private health insurance was strongest for those having higher household incomes, having attained at least a bachelor's degree, and working in a firm with more than 50 employees, followed by being an owner or manager, and by being employed. The addition of education and firm size improved the prediction of the household income model. The authors conclude that studies of inequalities in health insurance coverage can benefit from the inclusion of theory-driven indicators of social stratification such as human capital, labor market segmentation, and control over productive assets.

Changes in Spousal Health Insurance Coverage and Female Labor Supply Decisions

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kandice A. Kapinos
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Spousal Health ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Over Time

This study examines the changing relationship between spousal health insurance coverage and labor market outcomes for married women over time as healthcare costs have increased. In particular, I investigate how husbands' health insurance coverage offers affect wives' decisions to enter the labor force and work full-time and how this has changed over time. I endeavor to correct for potential biases of these effects by 1) using an instrumental variables model to deal with endogeneity and 2) estimating and netting out likely unobserved heterogeneity biases, such as assortative mating or income effects. Using Current Population Survey data from 1995 to 2005, I find that husbands' employer-provided health insurance coverage has a negative effect on wives' labor supply that has increased (become more negative) over time.

scholarly journals Taking Stock Of Health: An Examination Of Health Insurance Expenditures By Employer Categories

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarn Chatterjee ◽  
John Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Insurance Premium ◽  
The Self ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
The Cost

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This research uses the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) data to examine the cost of health insurance coverage for government as well as private sector employees and for the self-employed. The findings show that, when compared with private-sector employees, the self-employed spend more and government employees spend less on health insurance premium payments. Factors such as education, marital status, region of residence, age, family size and educational attainment are significant determinants of the amount spent on health insurance. In addition, the likelihood of participation in Preferred Provider Option (PPO) health plans is lower for government employees and for self-employed individuals than for private sector employees.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Support for Health Insurance Coverage for Legal Abortion in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Charley Henderson ◽  
Philip Yang
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Legal Abortion ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Using Data

The use of health insurance to cover legal abortion is a controversial issue on which Americans are sharply divided. Currently, there is a lack of research on this issue as data became available only recently. Using data from the newly released General Social Survey in 2018, this study examines who is more or less likely to support health insurance coverage for legal abortion. The results show that the support and opposition were about evenly divided. The findings from the logistic regression analysis reveal that, holding other variables constant, Democrats, liberals, urban residents, the more educated, and the older were more likely to support health insurance coverage for legal abortion while women, Southerners, Christians, the currently married, and those with more children were less likely to favor it, compared to their respective counterparts. Additionally, the effect of education was stronger for liberals than for non-liberals. Race, family income, and full-time work status make no difference in the outcome. The findings have significant implications for research and practices in health insurance coverage for legal abortion.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic and Health Insurance Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Frederick ◽  
J. Bradley Karl
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Insurance Markets ◽  
Insurance Regulation ◽  
Health Insurance Markets ◽  
Catastrophic Risks ◽  
Insight Into

With projections of costs in the billions for COVID-19 treatments alone, and heightened scrutiny on COVID-19-related health insurance coverage, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) convened in March 2020 to discuss how the industry could best deal with a pandemic. While the ramifications of the COVID-19 event are in their infant stages, it is important to consider the implications such catastrophic risks have on an insurance market. We evaluate state-level changes presented by the NAIC in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and use prior research to offer insight into health insurance in a post-COVID-19 world. This manuscript aims to provide a summary of the NAIC’s current standing during the pandemic, while presenting insight into policy implications regarding regulation in health insurance markets during catastrophic events.

Employment-Based Health Insurance and Pension Benefits: Trends and Inequalities in Accessibility and Participation, 1987-2001

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brady ◽  
Emily Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Decomposition Methods ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Relative Employment ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Pension Benefits

This paper documents changing patterns in employment-based health insurance and pension benefits among private-sector wage and salary workers between 1987 and 2001 and examines the trends by workforce characteristics. The results show that benefit differentials across educational groups increased in terms of both accessibility and participation rates during this period. The differential in pension accessibility and health insurance coverage rose primarily prior to 1993, whereas the differential in pension participation expanded consistently throughout the period. Using decomposition methods, we evaluate the importance of shifts in the relative employment distribution and changes in unobserved differences in explaining these trends.

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