Charles Babbage — Father of the Digital Computer

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
M. G. Hartley

A recent book by Anthony Hyman sets the work of Babbage into a broader context than that revealed by earlier writers and in particular emphasises the importance of his contacts with the international scientific community. This present paper reflects these new insights. It is offered as an example to young engineers.

Author(s):  
Yulia V. Samodova

Information on the coming Open Access Week which will be held from 19 to 23 October 2009. Interest in the results of scientific researches all over the world has led to consolidation of forces of the international scientific community and to expand the now-annual event from a single day to seven days.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-333
Author(s):  
Dana Müller ◽  
Stefanie Wolter

AbstractThe Research Data Centre at the Institute for Employment Research (RDC-IAB) has been offering high-quality administrative and survey data on the German labour market for 15 years and has become one of the most important locations worldwide for researchers interested in data for labour market research. This article provides an overview of the RDC-IAB, including its data and access modes. The article presents two datasets in more detail: the Sample of Integrated Employment Biographies, a classic dataset, and the Linked Personnel Panel, a new dataset. Finally, this article provides insights into future infrastructure and data developments.


2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-55
Author(s):  
José G. Perillán

John S. Bell openly questioned the dominance of an orthodox quantum interpretation that had seemingly raised the principle of indeterminism from an epistemological question to an ontological truth in the late 1920s. He understood the inevitability of indeterminism to be a theoretical choice made by the founding architects of quantum theory, not a fundamental principle of reality necessitated by experimental facts. As a result, Bell decried the general lull in quantum interpretation debates within the physics community, and in particular, the complete omission of Louis de Broglie’s deterministic pilot wave interpretation from all theoretical and pedagogical discourses. This paper reexamines the pilot wave’s rise, abandonment, and subsequent omission in the history of quantum theory. What emerges is not a straightforward story of victimization and hegemonic marginalization. Instead, it is a story that grapples with tensions between the polyphony of individual voices and a physics community’s evolving identity and consensus in response to particular sociopolitical and scientific contexts. At the heart of these tensions sits an international scientific community transitioning from a politically fractured and intellectually divergent community to one embracing a somewhat forced pragmatic convergence around rationally reconstructed narratives and concepts like the impossibility of determinism. The story of the pilot wave’s omission gives us a window into the inherent power that theoretical choice and a congealing rhetoric of orthodoxy have on a scientific community’s consensus, pedagogical canons, and the future development of science itself.


2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29A) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martín López

AbstractIn this presentation we address issues relating to the astronomical heritage of contemporary aboriginal groups and other minorities. We deal specially with intangible astronomical heritage and its particularities. Also, we study (from ethnographic experience with Aboriginal groups, Creoles and Europeans in the Argentine Chaco) the conflicts referring to the different ways in which the natives' knowledge and practice are categorized by the natives themselves, by scientists, state politicians, professional artists and NGOs. Furthermore, we address several cases that illustrate these kinds of conflicts. We aim to analyze the complexities of patrimonial policies when they are applied to practices and representations of contemporary communities involved in power relations with national states and the global system. The essentialization of identities, the folklorization of representations and practices, and the fossilization of aboriginal peoples are some of the risks of applying the label “cultural heritage” without a careful consideration of each specific case.In particular we suggest possible ways in which the international scientific community could collaborate to improve the agenda of national states instead of reproducing colonial prejudices. In this way, we aim to contribute to the promotion of respect for ethnic and religious minorities.


2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirce M. Santin ◽  
Samile A.S. Vanz ◽  
Ida R.C. Stumpf

This article analyzes the existing collaboration networks in the Brazilian scientific output in Evolutionary Biology, considering articles published during the period from 2000 to 2012 in journals indexed by Web of Science. The methodology integrates bibliometric techniques and Social Network Analysis resources to describe the growth of Brazilian scientific output and understand the levels, dynamics and structure of collaboration between authors, institutions and countries. The results unveil an enhancement and consolidation of collaborative relationships over time and suggest the existence of key institutions and authors, whose influence on research is expressed by the variety and intensity of the relationships established in the co-authorship of articles. International collaboration, present in more than half of the publications, is highly significant and unusual in Brazilian science. The situation indicates the internationalization of scientific output and the ability of the field to take part in the science produced by the international scientific community.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Gabriela Jungová

J. V. Daneš (1880–1928) was not only an outstanding figure of his time in the international scientific community, but also a diplomat and a traveller. Two of his overseas trips led him to Australia and the Pacific region, where he assembled a remarkable collection of ethnographic objects and photographs. This collection, now kept in the National Museum – Náprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures in Prague, has been mostly neglected and unpublished for decades. This paper provides a basis for its further study by introducing Daneš’s journeys around the region and comparing them to the proveniences of the ethnographic objects.


2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (05) ◽  
pp. 478-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rickels ◽  
U.M. Mauer ◽  
O.W. Sakowitz ◽  
M. Messing-Jünger ◽  
K. Engelhard ◽  
...  

AbstractThe workshop of scientific medical faculties (Arbeitsgemeinschaft wissenschaftlicher medizinischer Fakultäten [AWMF]) of Germany has asked societies of specific medical disciplines to jointly publish guidelines on the treatment of diseases and injuries. On behalf of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie, its commission on guidelines initiated an interdisciplinary approach to publish guidelines on the treatment of head injury in adults. These guidelines were published in German by the AWMF in late 2015. Because these guidelines have received widespread attention in Germany and became fundamental for research in head injuries, we have translated the German version into English to make it accessible to the international scientific community.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document