Unexplored aspects of bureaucratic autonomy: a state of the field and ways forward

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martino Maggetti ◽  
Koen Verhoest
Author(s):  
Carol Krinsky

En la última generación, la historia de la arquitectura de Norteamérica ha incluido estudios sobre la arquitectura de indígenas y grupos minoritarios. Este artículo presenta los antecedentes del fenómeno, y cita referencias a la arquitectura por y para los judíos, afroamericanos y nativos norteamericanos. El artículo promueve preguntas sobre cómo se define la identidad, especialmente para personas con patrimonio mixto.


Author(s):  
Morten Egeberg ◽  
Jarle Trondal

This chapter draws attention to the effects of vertical specialization of organizations and how it affects public governance. The chapter documents that agency officials pay significantly less attention to signals from executive politicians than their counterparts within ministerial (cabinet-level) departments. This finding also holds when controlling for variation in tasks, the political salience of issue areas, and officials’ rank. In addition, it is documented that the greater the organizational capacity available within the respective ministerial departments, the more agency personnel tend to assign weight to signals from the political leadership. Expert concerns are strongly emphasized at both levels; however, agency personnel are more sensitive to the influence of affected parties. The chapter applies large-N questionnaire data at four points in time (1986, 1996, 2006, and 2016) that spans three decades and shifting administrative doctrines: New Public Management as well as post-New Public Management.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052110005
Author(s):  
Hao Guo ◽  
Xinru Ba ◽  
Peiyou Gong ◽  
Guangzhi Wang ◽  
Heng Ma ◽  
...  

Ectopic spleen is a rare clinical malformation in which the spleen is relocated from its normal anatomical position to other parts of the abdomen. We report a rare case of abdominopelvic ectopic spleen caused by splenic ligament deficiency. A patient experienced intermittent pain in the left upper abdomen that was progressively aggravated. This was confirmed by comprehensive imaging examinations and postoperative pathology. We also performed a review of the literature on the current state of the field. Our data may help to improve the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic spleen.


2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoghan Casey

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Grabar

Like most other fields, the study of Islamic art is both the beneficiary and the victim of its own past. Like many fields, it is affected in various more or less successful ways by developments and needs in related areas of learning. Like all fields, it is tied to the quality and idiosyncrasies of the men who practice it. Inasmuch as bibliographical surveys according to traditional lines of techniques and periods are available (Pearson, Index Islamicus with supplements, London, 1958, 1962, 1968; especially K.A.C. Creswell, A Bibliography of the Architecture, Arts and Crafts of Islam, Cairo, 1961) and current works are listed with a fair degree of completeness in the yearly Abstracta Islamica published by the Revue des Etudes Islamiques, my concern in this paper will be to review the state of the field, the ways in which one can find out about it, and the work being done according to three major categories: traditional techniques and documentation; new problems and solutions; light and dark areas of research.


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