The Attomey-General for England and Wales, and Northern Ireland: His Role in Civil and Criminal Proceedings

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-227
Author(s):  
Rosamund M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
England And Wales

Negotiating without the victim state: the exclusiveness of anticorruption settlements

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Capus ◽  
Kei Hannah Brodersen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Settlement Agreements ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Obligation To Inform

Purpose Corporate foreign bribery can have devastating consequences on communities and states. Over the past decade, there have been several promising developments, both national and international, that might increase the chances of victim states to receive remediation for the harm they suffered from foreign bribery. In particular, awareness has risen that victim states must be considered and new innovative items have been added to the toolbox of prosecutors in the fight against corruption that is assumed to also improve victim states’ standing in these procedures. This study aims to assess whether indeed victim states receive compensation through these novel procedures. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the three case studies of Switzerland, France and England and Wales for a comprehensive empirical and normative analysis of settlement agreements between defendants and prosecution authorities and of court jurisprudence. Findings This study shows that although de jure, it seems warranted to order the payment of remedies to victim states within domestic criminal proceedings, in practice, this rarely happens. A number of legal and practical obstacles account for this situation. This study, therefore, calls for the formulation of international guidelines containing the obligation to inform victim states of ongoing criminal proceedings on corporate foreign bribery, and guidance on how to identify the victim of this crime, as well as the damage caused. Originality/value This is the first contribution to verify whether claims that settlement agreements, recently introduced in England and Wales and France (and similar procedures are available in Switzerland), are beneficial for victim states in their quest to receive compensation. As this study shows that this is – not yet – the case in practice, this study proposes solutions that could lead the way for remediation of the harm caused by corporate corruption – and thereby, ultimately, to a more just outcome.

Formulating the legislative structure of a hate crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Schweppe
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Hate Crime Legislation ◽  
Reform Processes ◽  
Crime Legislation ◽  
Legislative Structure ◽  
Statutory Basis

While hate crime legislation is well established in England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, Ireland has failed to address the issue of hate crime on a statutory basis. Law reform processes are currently underway across these jurisdictions, and this article seeks to explore a fundamental question in this context, that is, the relative merits of various approaches to structuring hate crime legislation.

Exclusive possession or the intention of the parties? The relation of landlord and tenant in Northern Ireland

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-223
Author(s):  
Mark Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
The Law

The seminal House of Lords judgment in Street v Mountford established that the test for distinguishing between a lease and a licence is whether the occupant has been granted exclusive possession of the premises. The test is objective: the relation of landlord and tenant exists where exclusive possession has been granted, regardless of the intention of the parties. However, this stands at odds with the law in both parts of Ireland, where s 3 of Deasy's Act states that the relation of landlord and tenant 'shall be deemed to be founded on the . . . contract of the parties'. This article analyses the historical background that led to Deasy's Act, surveys contemporary case law in both parts of Ireland on leases vs licences and argues that the law in this area in Northern Ireland differs from that in England and Wales.

Phialophora cinerescens. [Distribution map].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phialophora cinerescens (Wollenw.) J.F.H. Beyma. Hosts: Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Ontario, China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Mainland Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Russia (European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Channel Islands, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, USA, Colorado, Oregon, Yugoslavia (former).

The Population of Ireland

1960 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-68
Author(s):  
W. A. Honohan
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Political Change ◽  
The Political ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Striking Contrast

1. In the year 1800, when the Parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland were fused by the Act of Union establishing the United Kingdom, the population of Ireland was of the order of 5 millions. By 1821 the figure had risen to 6·8 millions and in 1841 it was 8·2 millions. During the following decade the population fell by 1-6 millions to 6·6 millions. By the year 1861 it was only 5·8 millions and thereafter it continued to decline steadily, though not with such rapidity, until in 1911 a figure of 4·4 millions was reached. Owing to the disturbed state of the country in 1921, the next census was not taken until 1926, after the political change in 1922 when twenty-six of the thirty-two counties into which the country was divided were established as a separate political entity, the Irish Free State (later to become a Republic), while the remaining six were constituted as Northern Ireland and continued to form part of the United Kingdom. The population of the whole island in 1926 and again in 1951 was 4·3 millions, that is to say, it differed only slightly in 1951 from what it was forty years earlier in 1911—see Table 1. The population of Ireland has, therefore, remained virtually stationary at about 4¼ millions for almost half a century. The trend of Irish population since 1841 is in striking contrast with the trend in England and Wales for, whereas in 1841 the population of Ireland was more than one-half of that in England and Wales, today it is less than one-tenth; the Irish population has almost halved while that of England and Wales has almost trebled.

Fundamental legal institutions

Legal Studies ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Stein
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Professional Schools ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Public Nature ◽  
Set Up

As law teachers, we are more reticent about our aims than our colleagues in other countries. It does no harm, therefore, to remind ourselves of what we are expected to do. We must start from the peculiar structure of legal education in England and Wales. The sharp division between the academic stage and the professional stage, each in the hands of institutions totally independent of each other, is almost unique to England and Wales. It does not exist in Scotland or in Northern Ireland, where there are no professional schools, and where the Universities share responsibility with the professions for most of the professional training. And it does not exist with such sharpness on the continent of Europe, or in North America. This distinction is the product of the Report of the House of Commons Committee of Legal Education in 1846. That Committee was set up when it was discovered that there was ‘no Legal Education, worthy of the name, of a public nature, in England or Ireland.

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