Lifecourse Socio-economic Mobility and Oral Health in Middle Age

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 938-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Pearce ◽  
W.M. Thomson ◽  
A.W.G. Walls ◽  
J.G. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Using Data

Socio-economic variations in health exist for a wide range of health outcomes, including oral health and oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Less is known regarding how socio-economic trajectories may influence oral health and OHRQoL. This study examined whether social mobility is related to the number of teeth retained by age 50 years and OHRQoL measured at the same time, using data from the Newcastle Thousand Families Study, a birth cohort established in 1947. Women remaining in the non-manual class had the greatest tooth retention. While promotion of a healthier lifestyle and continued improvements in oral hygiene throughout life appear to be the public health interventions most likely to improve oral health into middle age, there may be sub-groups of the population on which different approaches in terms of public health interventions need to be focused.

Cost–utility analysis of public health interventions

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-203
Author(s):  
Rhiannon T. Edwards ◽  
Eira Winrow
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Cost Utility Analysis ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Utility Analysis ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

This chapter builds upon Chapters 2 and 6 by introducing the reader to the history and concepts of health-related quality of life, cost–utility analysis, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and payer thresholds. The aim of this chapter is to outline in more depth the role of applied cost–utility analyses in the economic evaluation of public health interventions. The chapter goes on to reproduce a paper by Owen and colleagues at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom. This paper shows that many public health interventions often have a cost per QALY considerably lower than the £20,000 payer threshold conventionally used by NICE in the United Kingdom.

Do Circumstances in Early Life Contribute to Tooth Retention in Middle Age?

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Pearce ◽  
J.G. Steele ◽  
J. Mason ◽  
A.W.G. Walls ◽  
L. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Tooth Retention

The relative contributions of factors operating in fetal life, childhood, and adulthood to risk of disease in middle age have become an important research issue, though oral health has rarely been considered. This study investigated the relative impacts of risk factors operating at different stages throughout life on the number of teeth retained at ages 49–51 yrs based on data from the Newcastle Thousand Families cohort. Very little variation in tooth retention in middle age was explained by factors operating at earlier stages in life. The previously noted relationship between childhood socio-economic status and oral health in adulthood appears, with respect to tooth retention, to diminish with increasing age as adult socio-economic position and lifestyle factors have an increasing effect. Promotion of a healthier adult lifestyle and continued improvements in oral hygiene would appear to be the public health interventions most likely to increase tooth retention in middle age.

Oral mucosal manifestations of systemic disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110451
Author(s):  
Rebecca Iles ◽  
Melanie Simms ◽  
Alistair Ledsam
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Disorders spanning a wide range of body systems may, directly or indirectly, impact upon the orofacial tissues. Specifically, the oral mucosa may be the first, or most severely affected site of systemic disease, posing significant implications for oral health-related quality of life. It is not uncommon for patients to present to their GP with orofacial symptoms, therefore a firm understanding of how systemic disease can manifest in this way is important. This article will discuss oral mucosal presentations of systemic disease, aiming to improve understanding and recognition of these conditions, allowing appropriate referral for investigation, diagnosis and management.

scholarly journals Immunizing Against Prejudice

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1550-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Y. Huang ◽  
Alexandra Sedlovskaya ◽  
Joshua M. Ackerman ◽  
John A. Bargh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Disease Avoidance ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship

Contemporary interpersonal biases are partially derived from psychological mechanisms that evolved to protect people against the threat of contagious disease. This behavioral immune system effectively promotes disease avoidance but also results in an overgeneralized prejudice toward people who are not legitimate carriers of disease. In three studies, we tested whether experiences with two modern forms of disease protection (vaccination and hand washing) attenuate the relationship between concerns about disease and prejudice against out-groups. Study 1 demonstrated that when threatened with disease, vaccinated participants exhibited less prejudice toward immigrants than unvaccinated participants did. In Study 2, we found that framing vaccination messages in terms of immunity eliminated the relationship between chronic germ aversion and prejudice. In Study 3, we directly manipulated participants’ protection from disease by having some participants wash their hands and found that this intervention significantly influenced participants’ perceptions of out-group members. Our research suggests that public-health interventions can benefit society in areas beyond immediate health-related domains by informing novel, modern remedies for prejudice.

scholarly journals WHO Digital Intelligence Analysis for Tracking Narratives and Information Voids in the COVID-19 Infodemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina D. Purnat ◽  
Paolo Vacca ◽  
Stefano Burzo ◽  
Tim Zecchin ◽  
Amy Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Real Time ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Intelligence Analysis ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Health Related

The COVID-19 pandemic is the first to unfold in the highly digitalized society of the 21st century and is therefore the first pandemic to benefit from and be threatened by a thriving real-time digital information ecosystem. For this reason, the response to the infodemic required development of a public health social listening taxonomy, a structure that can simplify the chaotic information ecosystem to enable an adaptable monitoring infrastructure that detects signals of fertile ground for misinformation and guides trusted sources of verified information to fill in information voids in a timely manner. A weekly analysis of public online conversations since 23 March 2020 has enabled the quantification of running shifts of public interest in public health-related topics concerning the pandemic and has demonstrated the frequent resumption of information voids relevant for public health interventions and risk communication in an emergency response setting.

scholarly journals To what extent are complex public health interventions transferable across contexts? Protocol of an interdisciplinary study of a school-based nutritional health intervention in France

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kelly-Irving ◽  
Emilie Gaborit ◽  
Laurence Mabile ◽  
Florent Beraut ◽  
Thierry Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Questions

Background: Governments across Europe have attempted to address the obesogenic environment through a variety of policy measures over the last two decades. A growing literature advocates for complex population interventions in public health. Such approaches embrace the need for interventions that can operate within the complexity of real-life situations as well as capturing and tracking interactions between an intervention and its context. Aim: This paper describes the original interdisciplinary methodological approach of a research project. The study was designed to ascertain whether complex public health interventions can be transferred from one local context to another while remaining loyal to their initial objectives. Method: An integrated interdisciplinary qualitative design was established to elaborate and answer the research questions. Three disciplinary strands were involved: Political Science, Public Health and Sociology. The three strands worked together while applying their specific methodological approaches. Results: The Political Science strand analysed the public health nutrition intervention taking a socio-historic policy studies top-down perspective. The Public Health Strand developed a method of analysing the three interventions through a co-construction process with the participants. This allows for the key functions, forms and context of each intervention to be identified and compared. The Sociology strand performed ethnographic methods to observe and analyse the deployment and activities linked with each intervention across sites. Together the three strands provide an interdisciplinary analysis of the length and breadth of the interventional scope with which to answer the research questions. Discussion: Here, we discuss the operational challenges involved in the project, including the difficulties encountered with the interdisciplinary approach, as well as field work challenges.

scholarly journals A Next Generation Assets-Based Public Health Intervention Development Model: The Public as Innovators (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiana von Hippel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Development Model ◽  
User Innovation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Experts

UNSTRUCTURED In the public health field, the design of interventions has long been considered to be the province of public health experts. In this paper, I explore an important complement to the traditional model: the design, prototyping, and implementation of innovative public health interventions by the public (users) themselves. These user interventions can then be incorporated by public health experts, who in turn design, support, and implement improvements and diffusion strategies as appropriate for the broader community. The context and support for this proposed new public health intervention development model builds upon user innovation theory, which has only recently begun to be applied to research and practice in medicine and provides a completely novel approach in the field of public health. User innovation is an assets-based model in which end users of a product, process, or service are the locus of innovation and often more likely than producers to develop the first prototypes of new approaches to problems facing them. This occurs because users often possess essential context-specific information about their needs paired with the motivation that comes from directly benefiting from any solutions they create. Product producers in a wide range of fields have, in turn, learned to profit from the strengths of these user innovators by supporting their grass-roots, leading-edge designs and field experiments in various ways. I explore the promise of integrating user-designed and prototyped health interventions into a new assets-based public health intervention development model. In this exploration, a wide range of lead user methods and positive deviance studies provide examples for identification of user innovation in populations, community platforms, and healthcare programs. I also propose action-oriented and assets-based next steps for user-centered public health research and practice to implement this new model. This approach will enable us to call upon the strengths of the communities we serve as we develop new methods and approaches to more efficiently and effectively intervene on the varied complex health problems they face.

scholarly journals Transmission dynamics of SARS-COV-2 in China: impact of public health interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbao Wang ◽  
Yiqin Chen ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Ping Cai ◽  
Ye He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Actual Growth ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has become a global pandemic. However, the impact of the public health interventions in China needs to be evaluated. We established a SEIRD model to simulate the transmission trend of China. In addition, the reduction of the reproductive number was estimated under the current forty public health interventions policies. Furthermore, the infection curve, daily transmission replication curve, and the trend of cumulative confirmed cases were used to evaluate the effects of the public health interventions. Our results showed that the SEIRD curve model we established had a good fit and the basic reproductive number is 3.38 (95% CI, 3.25–3.48). The SEIRD curve show a small difference between the simulated number of cases and the actual number; the correlation index (H2) is 0.934, and the reproductive number (R) has been reduced from 3.38 to 0.5 under the current forty public health interventions policies of China. The actual growth curve of new cases, the virus infection curve, and the daily transmission replication curve were significantly going down under the current public health interventions. Our results suggest that the current public health interventions of China are effective and should be maintained until COVID-19 is no longer considered a global threat.

How Do Factors at Different Stages of the Lifecourse Contribute to Oral-health-related Quality of Life in Middle Age for Men and Women?

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mason ◽  
M.S. Pearce ◽  
A.W.G. Walls ◽  
L. Parker ◽  
J.G. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

The relative contributions of factors operating in fetal life, childhood, and adulthood to the risk of disease in middle age have become important research issues, but self-perceived oral health has rarely been considered in this context. This study investigated the impact of risk factors operating throughout life on self-perceived oral health, according to the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), at age 50 yrs in 305 individuals from the Newcastle Thousand Families cohort. Factors from early and adult life contributed to the OHIP scores, but in men, self-perceived oral health was mostly explained by factors operating early in life. In women, the number of teeth retained in adulthood had a more prominent impact. Lifecourse influences on oral-health-related quality of life appear different for men and women, which may have implications for the effectiveness of public health interventions and health promotion.

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