scholarly journals Spry1 and Spry2 Are Essential for Development of the Temporomandibular Joint

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Purcell ◽  
A. Jheon ◽  
M.P. Vivero ◽  
H. Rahimi ◽  
A. Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Glenoid Fossa ◽  
Synovial Joint ◽  
Rtk Signaling ◽  
Mandibular Fossa ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Disc Formation

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a specialized synovial joint essential for the function of the mammalian jaw. The main components of the TMJ are the mandibular condyle, the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone, and a fibrocartilagenous disc interposed between them. The genetic program for the development of the TMJ remains poorly understood. Here we show the crucial role of sprouty ( Spry) genes in TMJ development. Sprouty genes encode intracellular inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways, including those triggered by fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs). Using in situ hybridization, we show that Spry1 and Spry2 are highly expressed in muscles attached to the TMJ, including the lateral pterygoid and temporalis muscles. The combined inactivation of Spry1 and Spry2 results in overgrowth of these muscles, which disrupts normal development of the glenoid fossa. Remarkably, condyle and disc formation are not affected in these mutants, demonstrating that the glenoid fossa is not required for development of these structures. Our findings demonstrate the importance of regulated RTK signaling during TMJ development and suggest multiple skeletal origins for the fossa. Notably, our work provides the evidence that the TMJ condyle and disc develop independently of the mandibular fossa.

On the Role of Equilibrium Reactions in Bore-Hole Waters in the Skellefte-Field, Northern Sweden

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Jan Lidén ◽  
Staffan Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Rock Type ◽  
Invariant Solution ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Equilibrium Reactions ◽  
Computerized Simulation ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Time Invariant

In a series of bore holes in an acid-intermediate volcanite rock type measurements of pH and pe (in situ), main ionic constituents, silicic acid and aluminium were made. The bore holes covered the pH interval 6.5-8.6, each with a time invariant solution composition. Field data were used as an experimental test of computerized simulation of weathering reactions by means of equilibrium models. The results suggest that a criterion for an undisturbed groundwater system is a high pH and a low pe where the dissolved main components reach a saturation concentration close to that experimentally found. For lower pH values, however, only the subsystem H+ - Si(OH)4 - Al3+ corresponded to an equilibrium behaviour.

scholarly journals Cionin, a vertebrate cholecystokinin/gastrin homolog, induces ovulation in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Osugi ◽  
Natsuko Miyasaka ◽  
Akira Shiraishi ◽  
Shin Matsubara ◽  
Honoo Satake
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Type A ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rtk Signaling ◽  
Mmp Inhibitor ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

AbstractCionin is a homolog of vertebrate cholecystokinin/gastrin that has been identified in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A. The phylogenetic position of ascidians as the closest living relatives of vertebrates suggests that cionin can provide clues to the evolution of endocrine/neuroendocrine systems throughout chordates. Here, we show the biological role of cionin in the regulation of ovulation. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the mRNA of the cionin receptor, Cior2, was expressed specifically in the inner follicular cells of pre-ovulatory follicles in the Ciona ovary. Cionin was found to significantly stimulate ovulation after 24-h incubation. Transcriptome and subsequent Real-time PCR analyses confirmed that the expression levels of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling genes and a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene were significantly elevated in the cionin-treated follicles. Of particular interest is that an RTK inhibitor and MMP inhibitor markedly suppressed the stimulatory effect of cionin on ovulation. Furthermore, inhibition of RTK signaling reduced the MMP gene expression in the cionin-treated follicles. These results provide evidence that cionin induces ovulation by stimulating MMP gene expression via the RTK signaling pathway. This is the first report on the endogenous roles of cionin and the induction of ovulation by cholecystokinin/gastrin family peptides in an organism.

scholarly journals Temporomandibular joint and orthodontics –A contemporary review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Shreya V Mishra ◽  
Rohit Kulshrestha ◽  
Ragni Tandon ◽  
Ashish Chauhan ◽  
Pratik Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Synovial Joint ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Delicate Balance

The Temporomandibular joint is an atypical synovial joint that is dynamic in structure. A delicate balance between the musculature, the condylar cartilage and the bony structures is maintained for harmonious functioning of the joint. Over the years the role of occlusion in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been extensively debated, leading to many opinions and much controversy. The changes in the joint caused in response to orthodontic therapy as well the adverse reactions caused have been studied. The present article is a review on the effects of Orthodontic appliance therapy on the joint and the present modalities opted to treat the joint disorders.

scholarly journals Cionin, A Vertebrate Cholecystokinin/Gastrin Homolog, Induces Ovulation in the Ascidian Ciona Intestinalis Type A.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Osugi ◽  
Natsuko Miyasaka ◽  
Akira Shiraishi ◽  
Shin Matsubara ◽  
Honoo Satake
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Type A ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rtk Signaling ◽  
Mmp Inhibitor ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

Abstract Cionin is a homolog of vertebrate cholecystokinin/gastrin that has been identified in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A. The phylogenetic position of ascidians as the closest living relatives of vertebrates suggests that cionin can provide clues to the evolution of endocrine/neuroendocrine systems throughout chordates. Here, we show the biological role of cionin in the regulation of ovulation. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the mRNA of the cionin receptor, Cior2, was expressed specifically in the inner follicular cells of pre-ovulatory follicles in the Ciona ovary. Cionin was found to significantly stimulate ovulation after 24-h incubation. Transcriptome and subsequent Real-time PCR analyses confirmed that the expression levels of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling genes and a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene were significantly elevated in the cionin-treated follicles. Of particular interest is that an RTK inhibitor and MMP inhibitor markedly suppressed the stimulatory effect of cionin on ovulation. Furthermore, inhibition of RTK signaling reduced the MMP gene expression in the cionin-treated follicles. These results provide evidence that cionin induces ovulation by stimulating MMP gene expression via the RTK signaling pathway. This is the first report on the endogenous roles of cionin and the induction of ovulation by cholecystokinin/gastrin family peptides in an organism.

scholarly journals Evaluation of temporomandibular joint disorders using cone beam computed tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Sonam Kohli ◽  
Rahul Krishan Sharma ◽  
Anchal Goel ◽  
M. K. Sunil
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Glenoid Fossa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Fossa ◽  
Osseous Changes

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of segmental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting bony changes in condyle and thickness of roof of glenoid fossa in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study group comprised of 10 temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients of either sex between the age group of 20-60 years diagnosed as TMDs by clinical evaluation using the research diagnostic criteria was considered. After the clinical examination, radiographic investigations were carried out which included digital OPG, transcranial radiograph and CBCT scan. TMJ Evaluation included: (a) bony changes of the condyle (flattening, erosion, sclerosis, osteophytes, resorption); (b) joint space (normal, increased, reduced, bony contact between the condyle and the mandibular fossa); and (c) bony changes of mandibular fossa (normal, sclerosis, erosion, resorption). The radiographic findings were statistically analysed.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Significant difference between OPG, transcranial and CBCT were found for the presence of erosion (P =0.000), thickness of roof of glenoid fossa (P =0.000), deformed contour (P =0.001), joint space (P =0.011), subchondral sclerosis (P =0.011), irregularity of articular surface and eminence (P =0.000), flattening (P =0.050). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Using CBCT as imaging technique in our study to detect osseous changes in the TMJ was proved to be effective as compared to the conventional radiographic techniques, the results achieved with CBCT was 100%.The results obtained in our study prove to be a full proof one and it seems to promise to go one step closer to detect progression and severity of the osseous changes in the condylar head and mandibular fossa in patients with TMDs<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Analysis of height and width of mandibular condyle and shape of the articular eminence with and without clicking using TMJ radiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Cek Dara Manja ◽  
◽  
Daashinta Rajaduray ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Glenoid Fossa ◽  
Articular Eminence ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Form ◽  
Opening And Closing

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint of the mandibular condyle with the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone and is the only joint in the head that is responsible for opening and closing movements of the jaw. Cliking is the most frequent symptom indicating temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Several radiographic techniques are used to establish the diagnosis in the examination of the temporomandibular joint. This research was carried out using closed mouth TMJ radiography. The purpose of this study was to determine the height and width of the mandibular condyle and the form of eminence with and without clicking using TMJ radiographs. This research is a descriptive analytic study. The results showed that the average height of the mandibular condyle with clicking was 18,796 mm and without clicking was 22,812 mm. The average width of the mandibular condyle with cliking is 11673mm and without cliking is 11,181mm. The average form of articular eminence with clicking is 36.754 ° and without cliking is 41.081 °. The conclusion of the study was that using the Independent t test there were significant differences in the height of the mandibular condyle and the shape of the articular eminence but there was no significant difference in the width of the mandibular condyle with and without clicking using TMJ radiographs.

scholarly journals Ankylosis Due Sequel Of Fracture Of The Mandibular Condyle: Case Report

10.3823/2507 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Alencar Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Gioconda Alves Pereira ◽  
Ítalo Kennedy Silva Santos ◽  
Jefferson David Melo de Matos ◽  
Jéferson Martins Pereira Lucena Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Condylar Fracture ◽  
Mandibular Fossa ◽  
Joint Ankylosis ◽  
Craniofacial Complex

The Ankylosis of the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a disorder of craniofacial complex that results in the merger between the condyle and the mandibular fossa, causing partial or complete immobilization of the mandible. The etiological factors are local and systemic inflammation, infection in the area of TMJ, rheumatic diseases and neoplasms, having the trauma as the main etiologic factor. The traumas are responsible for 31% to 98% of cases of ankylosis. The diagnosis is made from the anamnesis and imaging scans (computed tomography) pointing to the union of joint components. The treatment of ankylosis is a big challenge due the high rate of recurrence that can be affected by factors such as type of ankylosis, surgical technique, age of the patient, post-operative physiotherapy and systematic follow-up of the patient. The various forms of treatment require careful analysis of type of ankylosis if it is intra or extra-articular, unilateral or bilateral and if it is bony or fibrous, There is no consensus in current literature regarding the best treatment. The aim of this work is to present through the report of a clinical case, a surgical treatment of Unilateral Temporomandibular joint Ankylosis, due to sequel of condylar fracture with re-establishment of the stomatognathic functions in postoperative follow-up.

scholarly journals Conservative management of bilateral chronic protracted temporomandibular joint dislocation: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Paramjit . ◽  
Neetu Pansotra
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Glenoid Fossa ◽  
Articular Eminence ◽  
Joint Dislocation ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Tmj Dislocation ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation ◽  
The Ideal

<p>Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation is a condition in which the mandibular condyle is anteriorly displaced beyond the articular eminence, hence completely out of glenoid fossa which leaves the patient unable to close his/her mouth. Long standing TMJ dislocation persisting for more than a month are the most challenging to treat. The management varies widely, from closed reduction to complicated surgical procedures to reduce the dislocated condyle. Each case of dislocation presents with its own unique features. Since there are no standard rules or conventions for the ideal strategy in different circumstances till date, initial approach should be conservative, preserving surgical treatment for later if needed. This paper presents the experience of conservatively managing a case of long standing (one and half month old) TMJ dislocation under general anaesthesia with excellent outcome.</p><p> </p>

Traumatic Temporomandibular Joint Luxation

1995 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Caporn
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Mandibular Fossa ◽  
Joint Luxation ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Luxation ◽  
Human Joint

SummaryThe feline temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is inherently more stable than the canine or human joint through the close congruity of the feline mandibular fossa and condyle. Rostral luxation of the feline TMJ is resisted by a relatively large bony eminence. Traumatic luxations of the feline TMJ are therefore often associated with fractures of the mandibular fossa and/or condyle (1).The anatomy of the temporomandibular joint shows variations between species. These are highlighted by comparing the human, canine and feline temporomandibular articulations.

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