CXCL12/CXCR4 Mediates Orthodontic Root Resorption via Regulating the M1/M2 Ratio

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110503
Author(s):  
X.Y. Fang ◽  
Y.X. Zhan ◽  
X.M. Zhou ◽  
L.N. Wu ◽  
J. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
External Root Resorption ◽  
Cxcr4 Axis

Mechanical force–induced external root resorption is a major clinical side effect of orthodontic treatment. Recent work has revealed that M1 macrophages play a vital role in promoting orthodontic root resorption (ORR), but the mechanism of how mechanical force stimulation increases the M1/M2 macrophage ratio in periodontal tissue is poorly understood. In the current study, we showed that C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)+ periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)+ monocytes in the periodontal ligament (PDL) were significantly increased after force application with ongoing root resorption, and these effects were partially rescued after force removal in mice. The expression of CXCL12 in PDLCs was increased by force stimulation in a time- and intensity-dependent manner in vitro. Blockage of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis using CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 was sufficient to alleviate ORR and reverse the force-enhanced M1/M2 macrophage ratio. Further mechanism exploration showed that Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes homed in a CXCL12/CXCR4 axis-dependent manner. The number and proportion of CD11b+ Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes in cervical lymph nodes were significantly increased by force loading, accompanied by decreased CD11b+ Ly6Chi monocytes in the blood. These changes were blunted by intraperitoneal injection of AMD3100. In addition, blockage of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis effectively reversed M2 suppression and promoted M1 polarization. Collectively, results indicate that force-induced CXCL12/CXCR4 axis mediates ORR by increasing the M1/M2 ratio in periodontal tissues through attracting Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes and modulating macrophage polarization. The results also imply that AMD3100 is potentially inhibitory to root resorption.

scholarly journals Apical External Root Resorption and Repair in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Biological Events

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviu Feller ◽  
Razia A. G. Khammissa ◽  
George Thomadakis ◽  
Jeanine Fourie ◽  
Johan Lemmer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
External Root Resorption

Some degree of external root resorption is a frequent, unpredictable, and unavoidable consequence of orthodontic tooth movement mediated by odontoclasts/cementoclasts originating from circulating precursor cells in the periodontal ligament. Its pathogenesis involves mechanical forces initiating complex interactions between signalling pathways activated by various biological agents. Resorption of cementum is regulated by mechanisms similar to those controlling osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Following root resorption there is repair by cellular cementum, but factors mediating the transition from resorption to repair are not clear. In this paper we review some of the biological events associated with orthodontically induced external root resorption.

scholarly journals Management of External Cervical Root Resorption in Mandibular Molar

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
Bioresorbable Membrane ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
External Root Resorption ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Atraumatic Extraction ◽  
Cervical Root ◽  
Mandibular First Molar ◽  
Viable Treatment

ABSTRACT External root resorption of teeth takes its origin from periodontal tissues but is often an endodontic enigma. A combined endoperio management is required if the external resorption involves both entities. This article describes the management of an external resorption in mandibular first molar by intentional reimplantation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as an adjunctive diagnostic aid. Following atraumatic extraction of 36, endodontic treatment was performed extraorally, followed by sealing of the resorptive site using Biodentine. The periodontal procedures included guided tissue regeneration using a bioresorbable membrane and placement of osseograft for bone regeneration. After a follow-up period of 10 months, the patient was totally asymptomatic. Intentional reimplantation is a viable treatment option for external root resorption of inaccessible sites. How to cite this article Kavitha M, Shobana S. Management of External Cervical Root Resorption in Mandibular Molar. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(1):39-45.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary Orthodontic Treatment to Reestablishment Smile Function and Aesthetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Jessica Rico Bocato ◽  
Flávia Maria Cheffer Nory ◽  
Josimar Rosa Francisco ◽  
Ana Claúdia de Castro Ferreira Conti ◽  
Thais Maria Freire Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
External Root Resorption ◽  
Fixed Prosthesis ◽  
Orthodontic Extrusion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Crown Lengthening ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

AbstractExtrusive tooth movements are an important resource in orthodontic treatment and allow the manipulation of teeth and periodontal tissues. They can be performed quickly or slowly, depending on the patient’s need. Rapid extrusion is indicated for cases in need of prosthetic preparation or restoration, where the bone and gingival tissues are intact, such as horizontal and oblique fractures, coronary or external root resorption, iatrogenic perforations (trepanations) and the presence of subgingival caries. The aim of this study is to describe the treatment of a patient who had a coronary fracture of the right upper central incisor, with a limit located 1 mm above the level of the bone crest. Rapid orthodontic extrusion was performed, to restore biologic distances and allow the preparation for prosthesis. It started with partial differentiated bonding of a fixed orthodontic appliance to the upper arch, to allow for a 3mm orthodontic extrusion. At the end of the extrusion, periodontal surgery was performed to increase the clinical crown and endodontic treatment. After these procedures, the case was concluded with the fixed prosthesis installation. The realization of an integrated planning allowed the restoration of aesthetics, with preservation of the functional periodontal limits for the patient. Keywords: Tooth Movement Techniques. Orthodontic Extrusion. Crown Lengthening. ResumoOs movimentos dentários extrusivos constituem um recurso importante no tratamento ortodôntico e permitem a manipulação dos dentes e dos tecidos periodontais. Eles podem ser realizados de forma rápida ou lenta, dependendo da necessidade do paciente. A extrusão rápida está indicada para casos com necessidade de preparo protético ou restauração, onde os tecidos ósseo e gengival encontram-se íntegros, tais como fraturas horizontais e oblíquas, reabsorções coronárias ou radiculares externas, perfurações iatrogências (trepanações) e presença de cárie subgengival. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o tratamento de uma paciente que apresentava fratura coronária do incisivo central superior direito, com limite localizado 1mm acima do nível da crista óssea. Realizou-se extrusão ortodôntica rápida, com a finalidade de restabelecer as distâncias biológicas e permitir o preparo para prótese. Iniciou-se com colagem diferenciada parcial de aparelho ortodôntico fixo no arco superior, para permitir a extrusão ortodôntica de 3mm. Ao término da extrusão, realizou-se cirurgia periodontal para aumento da coroa clínica e tratamento endodôntico. Após esses procedimentos, o caso foi finalizado com a instalação da prótese fixa. A realização de um planejamento integrado permitiu o restabelecimento da estética, com preservação dos limites periodontais funcionais para a paciente.Palavras-chave: Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária. Extrusão Ortodôntica. Aumento da Coroa Clínica.

Up-regulated ferritin in periodontitis promotes inflammatory cytokine expression in human periodontal ligament cells through transferrin receptor via ERK/P38 MAPK pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxue Huang ◽  
Yalin Zhan ◽  
Yunfei Zheng ◽  
Ye Han ◽  
Wenjie Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathway ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Human Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Objective: Ferritin, an iron-binding protein, is ubiquitous and highly conserved; it plays a crucial role in inflammation, which is the main symptom of periodontitis. Full-length cDNA library analyses have demonstrated abundant expression of ferritin in human periodontal ligament. The aims of the present study were to explore how ferritin is regulated by local inflammation, and to investigate its functions and mechanisms of action in the process of periodontitis. Methods: Human gingival tissues were collected from periodontitis patients and healthy individuals. Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature of second molars in mice. The expression of ferritin light polypeptide (FTL) and ferritin heavy polypeptide (FTH) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, after stimulating human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) with P. gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the expression of FTH and FTL were measured. Then, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured after incubation with different concentrations of apoferritin (iron-free ferritin) and several intracellular signaling pathway inhibitors, or after knockdown of the transferrin receptor. Results: Both FTH and FTL were substantially higher in inflamed periodontal tissues than in healthy tissues. The location of the elevated expression correlated well with the extent of inflammatory infiltration. Moreover, expression of FTH and FTL were enhanced after stimulation with P. gingivalis-LPS, IL-6, TNF-α. Apoferritin induced the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner partly through binding to the transferrin receptor and activating ERK/P38 signaling pathways in HPDLCs. Conclusions: Ferritin is up-regulated by inflammation and exhibits cytokine-like activity in HPDLCs inducing a signaling cascade that promotes expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with periodontitis.

scholarly journals Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in the Periodontitis Microenvironment Are Sensitive to Static Mechanical Strain

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Shiyu Liu ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Wen Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Static Mechanical

During orthodontic treatment, periodontium remodeling of periodontitis patients under mechanical force was abnormal. We have previously confirmed the function impairment of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in the periodontitis microenvironment which might be involved in this pathological process. However, the response of PDLSCs in periodontitis microenvironment to mechanical force remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we introduced a Flexcell tension apparatus and investigated the response of PDLSCs obtained from periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients (PPDLSCs) and of those obtained from healthy periodontal tissues (HPDLSCs) to different magnitudes of static mechanical strain (SMS). PPDLSCs showed increased proliferation, decreased osteogenic activity, activated osteoclastogenesis, and greater secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Different magnitudes of SMS exerted distinct effects on HPDLSCs and PPDLSCs. An SMS of 12% induced optimal effects in HPDLSCs, including the highest proliferation, the best osteogenic ability, the lowest osteoclastogenesis, and the lowest secretion of inflammatory cytokines, while the optimal SMS for PPDLSCs was 8%. Excessive SMS damaged PPDLSCs function, including decreased proliferation, an imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, and an activated inflammatory response. Our data suggest that PPDLSCs are more sensitive and less tolerant to SMS, and this may explain why mechanical force results in undesirable effects in periodontitis patients.

PTHrP Induces Notch Signaling in Periodontal Ligament Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nakao ◽  
H. Kajiya ◽  
H. Fukushima ◽  
A. Fukushima ◽  
H. Anan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Tooth Eruption ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Pdl Cells ◽  
Pdl Cells

Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are known to play important roles in tooth eruption and alveolar bone metabolism. We previously reported that PTHrP increases RANKL expression in human PDL cells, suggesting that it promotes odontoclastic root resorption during tooth eruption. While it is known that Notch-related genes play a key role during bone development, the role of the Notch signaling pathway in PDL cells during tooth and bone resorption is less clear. We hypothesized that PTHrP induces a Notch ligand in PDL cells and thereby regulates osteo- and odontoclastogenesis. We found that PTHrP increased Notch1 ligand Jagged1 expression in human PDL cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PTHrP-induced Jagged1 up-regulation was mediated by PKA activation, but not by PKC. Jagged1 also promoted RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. These results demonstrate that PTHrP induces Jagged1 expression in PDL cells, leading to osteo- and odontoclastogenesis, and thus likely promoting tooth and alveolar bone resorption.

scholarly journals Respuesta del ligamento periodontal a la avulsión dental. Reporte de caso / Periodontal Ligament Response to Dental Avulsion. Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (75) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Solórzano Santos ◽  
Antonio José Díaz-Caballero ◽  
Eduardo Covo Morales
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Traumatic Lesion ◽  
External Root Resorption ◽  
Type K ◽  
Dental Avulsion

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: La avulsión es un tipo de lesión traumática poco frecuente en la dentición permanente. La reabsorción radicular externa es un evento común posterior al reimplante de un diente avulsionado. Objetivo: Reportar un caso de trauma de dos dientes reimplantados, en el que se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios con 26 semanas de seguimiento. Reporte del caso: Manejo clínico de paciente de sexo masculino de 8 años de edad que se presenta a la clínica del Postgrado de Endodoncia de la Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia, con antecedente de avulsión y posterior reimplante con ferulización de los dos incisivos centrales superiores. Los dientes fueron preparados hasta lima 50 tipo K, medicados con hidróxido de calcio y obturados con MTA. Resultados: Se observó cicatrización de la superficie radicular con disminución de las zonas de reabsorción externa radicular después de 26 semanas de seguimiento. Conclusión: La reabsorción radicular externa en dientes avulsionados reimplantados puede contrarrestarse en la medida que hayan sido manejados con conocimiento profesional, dentro de un marco de tiempo y condiciones biológicas.  ABSTRACT. Background: Dental avulsion is a rare traumatic lesion in permanent teeth. External root resorption is a common event after reimplantation of an avulsed tooth. Purpose: To report a case of two reimplanted teeth with satisfactory results after controls during 26 weeks. Case report: Clinical management of an 8-year-old boy that seeks attention in the clinic of the Postdoctoral Program in Endodontics of University of Cartagena with background of avulsion of both central upper incisors. The teeth were prepared up to a type K # 50 file, medicated with calcium hydroxide and later filled with MTA. Results: Healing was observed on the root surface with reduction of the external radicular resorption after a 26-week follow-up. Conclusion: External radicular resorption can be counteracted as long as its handling was performed professionally within parameters of time and biological conditions.   

Multiple idiopathic external root resorption

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline L. Pankgurst ◽  
B.M. Eley ◽  
C. Moniz
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
External Root Resorption

Teeth Impaction and Structural Teeth Anomalies

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 523-534
Author(s):  
Danisia Haba ◽  
Yllka Decolli ◽  
Emilia Marciuc ◽  
Ana Elena Sîrghe
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cleidocranial Dysplasia ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Marginal Bone Loss ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
External Root Resorption ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Characteristic Features

AbstractDentists and oral and maxillofacial radiologists have used periapical, occlusal, panoramic, and cephalometric radiographs for many years for diagnosing dental anomalies, especially before orthodontic or surgical treatment. Cone beam computed tomography was developed in recent years especially for the dental and maxillofacial region. Thus it has become the imaging modality of choice for many clinical situations, such as the assessment of dental impaction and structural teeth anomalies or other associated diseases and disorders (e.g., Gardner's syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia). This article reviews different aspects of dental impaction and its possible effects on adjacent structures such as external root resorption, marginal bone loss, as well as describing structural dental anomalies. It provides a systematic analysis of their characteristic features and imaging findings for general radiologists to achieve a precise diagnosis and an optimal interpretation.

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