The Effect of Drug Use, Drug Treatment Participation, and Treatment Completion on Probationer Recidivism

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth M. Huebner ◽  
Jennifer Cobbina
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Treatment Completion ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Treatment Participation ◽  
Treatment Provision ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Using Data

The prevalence of drug use among probationers, and the entire offender population, has been well documented. Numerous drug treatment modalities have been shown to reduce recidivism among this population; however, analyses of programmatic success are often based on a subset of offenders who complete treatment. Less is known about individuals who fail to complete treatment. The goal of the current study is to consider the interaction of drug use, drug treatment provision, and treatment completion on recidivism using data from the 2000 Illinois Probation Outcome Study. Findings from a series of proportional hazard models indicate that probationers who failed to complete treatment were more likely to be rearrested in the four years following discharge from probation, even when compared to individuals who needed treatment but did not enroll. Moreover, probationers who failed to complete treatment had more serious criminal histories and fewer ties to society. The research has important implications for the measurement of treatment provision in studies of recidivism, in specific, and more generally for the need to engage and retain probationers in drug treatment.

The Correctional Opportunity: Pathways to Drug Treatment for Offenders

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Drug Abuse Treatment ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
The Right ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
Program Components

The incarceration of persons found guilty of various crimes who are also chronic substance abusers presents an important opportunity for treatment. It is an important opportunity because they would be unlikely to seek treatment on their own, without treatment they are very apt to continue their drug use and criminality after release, and cost effective drug abuse treatment methods are now available to treat them while in custody (both during incarceration and aftercare) and significantly alter their lifestyles. Correctional authorities should now feel optimistic that chronic heroin and cocaine users with predatory criminal histories can be treated effectively. This article shares the success of the Stay'n Out and Cornerstone Programs that have been successful with serious drug abusing offenders, and the factors that make for success. It is the proper program components joined by thoughtful leadership in the right setting. These principles are generalizable and transferable to many locations.

Residential Treatment for Women Parolees Following Prison-Based Drug Treatment: Treatment Experiences, Needs and Services, Outcomes

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL L. PRENDERGAST ◽  
JEAN WELLISCH ◽  
MAMIE MEE WONG
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Residential Treatment ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
The Other ◽  
California Institute ◽  
Substance Abuse Program ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Treatment Entry ◽  
Prevention Training

This article reports on an evaluation of the community residential phase of a prison-based program for drug-using women, the Forever Free Substance Abuse Program at the California Institute for Women. Three groups were interviewed: graduates from Forever Free who entered residential treatment, graduates who did not enter residential treatment, and women who applied to Forever Free but were not able to enter. The study assessed treatment experiences, needs and services received, and drug use and parole outcomes 1 year after the women were released from prison. Briefly, findings indicate that the women's needs for relapse prevention training and drug treatment were not met, women often did not complete treatment, and women who participated in community residential treatment had lower self-reported drug use rates and higher levels of successful parole discharge than women in the other two groups. Multiple needs beyond drug treatment must be addressed to increase treatment entry and improve retention in programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drug Uses for Calicivirus and Panleukopenia Treatment in Bogor Animal Clinic on 2017 and 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 999-1006
Author(s):  
Muhammad Agung Nulhakim ◽  
Bayu Febram Prasetyo ◽  
Rini Madyastuti Purwono
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Clinical Records

Drug therapy in cases of infections by viruses is only to prevent secondary infections. The use of drugs for each action must be evaluated through a drug use evaluation program (EPO) in order to guarantee a rational and effective drug. This study aims to examine the drugs in case for handling and the effectiveness of drug use in cases of infections caused by viruses, in this study the therapeutic use of drugs in cases of feline calicivirus and feline panleukopenia. This research is a descriptive study using data from 543 patients who came to get treatment of clinic in Bogor City during 2017 and 2018, 29 of which were infected with feline calicivirus and 32 infected with feline panleukopenia. Evaluation of drug use in these two viral diseases is done descriptively by comparing research data with literature. The results showed the use of drugs in the case of feline calicivirus there were 12 types of drug treatment, while in the case of feline panleukopenia there were 9 types of drug treatment. The use of drugs most often used is based on the records of veterinary clinical records, namely the preparation of metronidazole combined with cefadroxil to handle cases of feline calicivirus and metronidazole alone to handle cases of feline panleukopenia.

scholarly journals 191. oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment in Skin and Soft Tissue Infections as a Consequence of Intravenous Drug Use: A Retrospective Study to Demonstrate Noninferiority

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S224-S224
Author(s):  
Aryn M Andrzejewski ◽  
J Alex Viehman
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Treatment Completion ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Oral Group

Abstract Background Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are among the most prevalent infectious complications of intravenous drug use (IVDU). Given its polymicrobial nature, studies focusing on SSTIs in the general population may not be generalizable this group. We completed a retrospective chart review to better characterize the safety and efficacy of oral versus intravenous (IV) antibiotics for the treatment SSTIs in IVDU. Methods We reviewed patients admitted with bacterial SSTIs and IVDU from January 01, 2012 to December 31, 2019 based on ICD-10 codes. SSTIs complicated by bacteremia, endocarditis, bone or joint involvement on index admission were excluded. Patients who received < 48 hours of IV antibiotics were considered oral therapy, otherwise they were considered IV therapy. Patient comorbidities, incision and drainage (I&D) status, substance use, microbiology and antimicrobial data were reviewed. Results Of 231 eligible patients, 84 received oral therapy. There was no statistical difference in patient characteristics between the two therapy groups. Streptococcus anginosus group were the most common organisms found (33%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (31%). There was no statistical difference between rates of readmission (p=0.87), recurrent primary site infection (p=1.00), repeat debridement (p=0.08) or occurrence of deep-seated infections within 90 days of treatment completion. No morality was observed. The oral group had shorter length of stay (3 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001) and shorter total duration of antibiotics (10 vs. 13 days, p < 0.001). Overall, 90% of those with abscess underwent I&D, which did not differ between therapy groups. Time to I&D was shorter (0 vs. 1 day, p=0.005) in the oral group. Patients who did not receive and I&D were more likely to be readmitted within 90 days (p=0.025). Conclusion In SSTIs related to IVDU, oral antibiotic therapy was noninferior to IV in terms of mortality, readmission, and deep-seated infection rates within 90 days of treatment completion and had a decreased length of stay and total treatment duration. A delay in I&D led to increased length of stay and lack of I&D increased readmission rate. Therefore, a prompt I&D may allow a safe and effective early transition to oral therapy in SSTIs related to IVDU. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Hidden need for drug treatment services: measuring levels of problematic drug use in the North West of England

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Beynon ◽  
M. A. Bellis ◽  
T. Millar ◽  
P. Meier ◽  
R. Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
North West ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Problematic Drug

Predictors of Drug Treatment Completion Among Parole Violators

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Zanis ◽  
Donna M. Coviello ◽  
Jacqueline J. Lloyd ◽  
Barry L. Nazar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Treatment Completion

Labor Market Effects of Marijuana and Cocaine Use among Young Men

ILR Review ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Register ◽  
Donald R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Productivity Effect ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Using Data

Using data on marijuana and cocaine use from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the authors examine the hypothesis that drug use reduces labor market productivity, as measured by wages. From an analysis that controls for the probability of employment and the endogeneity of drug use, they find that although long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana negatively affected wages, the net productivity effect for all marijuana users (both those who engaged in long-term or on-the-job use and those who did not) was positive. No statistically significant association was found between cocaine use and productivity.

Synergistic Apoptotic Effect of Naringenin on enhancing the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of Temozolomide in an in vitro Experimental Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Precilla S. Daisy ◽  
S. Kuduvalli Shreyas ◽  
R. Sathish ◽  
T.S. Anitha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner

Glioma is one of the most devastating and difficult-totreat brain tumors with a very poor prognosis. Despite the current treatment modalities, the overall survival rate is only 5% contributing to a high mortality rate. Nevertheless, of emerging treatment strategies, there is still a rising need for novel mitigation strategies to counteract glioma aggressiveness. One attempt towards this long-term goal was made in this study to reveal the combined efficacy of naringenin, a bioactive flavonoid on enhancing the anti-glioma potency of temozolomide in C6 glioma cells. The cytotoxic effect of temozolomide and naringenin, both individually and in combination was assessed by employing MTT assay. The synergistic effect of the drugs temozolomide and naringenin was determined by calculating the combination index. To confirm the presence of apoptotic changes in the cells at morphological level, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining was performed. Further, the modulatory effects of the drugs on apoptotic genes, caspase-3 and BCL-2 were evaluated using quantitative real time-PCR. Interestingly, we found that the combinatorial drug treatment was in consensus and effectively inhibited the growth of C6 glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, this combinatorial drug treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of the proapoptotic gene, caspase-3 and down-regulated the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 suggesting a shift of equilibrium towards apoptosis. Our findings suggest that naringenin can be employed as a potent drug to enhance the anti-glioma efficacy of temozolomide and could be therapeutically exploited for the management of glioma.

scholarly journals Describing the Programme on Methadone Maintenance Therapy in Selangor, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Vengketeswara Rao ◽  
Nor Asiah Muhamad ◽  
Salmah Nordin ◽  
Ruziaton Hasim ◽  
Siti Nurhani Rafan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Drug Use Disorders

INTRODUCTION: Drug addiction and drug abuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. Millions of people worldwide suffered from drug use disorders, directly and indirectly, attributable to drug use and included deaths related to HIV and hepatitis C acquired through unsafe injecting practices. Many parts of the world have a shortfall in prevention and treatment for drug use disorders, with only less than 10% of people with drug use disorders receiving treatment yearly. Medication-assisted treatment of opioid dependence like Methadone is used in maintenance therapy or detoxification helps people with drug use disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary data from an existing electronic dataset in Ministry of Health (MOH) from 2015 until 2019, which includes registered patients who had undergone Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) either government or private facilities were included. The dataset divided into few domains namely socio-demographic, treatment modalities, clinic location and history of infection. RESULTS: A total of 37 various government and private facilities deliver MMT programme in the state of Selangor offered to a total of 5337 patients. The youngest patients were in the early twenties and oldest were in late seventies. The median age of patients was 45 years and the majority were males. Most of them were having secondary education (SPM holder) and below. Most of MMT programme takers were opioid drug users then followed by Amphetamine Type Stimulant (ATS) as the second most used. Among MMT programme takers, about 34.1% were reactive for Hepatitis C, 6.6% reactive for HIV, 4.2% reactive for Hepatitis B and 1.7% acquired tuberculosis infection. Almost 5% of MMT takers had passed away, which the three main causes of death were AIDS, alleged motor vehicle accident and septic shock. None of MMT takers was died due to methadone. CONCLUSION: It is a great concern of the nation in combating drug-related problems due to the growing number of substance abusers. This review concluded that the MMT programme that widely available had shown a positive outcome by keeping lower mortality among MMT patients.

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