Low Self-Control, Substance-Using Peers and Intimate Partners, Pro-Drug Use Definitions, and Inhalant Use Among Convicted Offenders in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyong Choi ◽  
Nathan E. Kruis
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Mediation Hypothesis ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Hirschi has repeatedly argued that the relationship between social learning variables and crime is a product of “self-selection” driven by low self-control (LSC). Akers’ has suggested that social learning mechanisms, such as affiliations with deviant individuals and acceptance of criminal definitions, can mediate the effects of LSC on crime. Interestingly, there has been little comparative work done to explore this mediation hypothesis in the realm of substance use for offender populations outside of the United States. This study helps fill these gaps in the literature by exploring the potential mediation effects of social learning variables on the relationship between LSC and inhalant use among a sample of 739 male offenders in South Korea. Our results provide strong support for the mediation hypothesis that LSC indirectly influences self-reported inhalant use through social learning mechanisms.

Parental Indifference and Children’s Digital Piracy in South Korea: Mediation Effects of Low Self-Control and Misconception

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunin Baek ◽  
Jason A. Nicholson ◽  
George E. Higgins ◽  
Michael M. Losavio
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Digital Piracy ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Low Self Control

The Influence of Childhood Maltreatment and Self-Control on Dating Violence: A Comparison of College Students in the United States and South Korea

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. Gover ◽  
Wesley G. Jennings ◽  
Elizabeth A. Tomsich ◽  
MiRang Park ◽  
Callie Marie Rennison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Physical Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Low Self Control

Various aspects of social learning and self-control theories have been applied to partner violence among multiple samples in the United States, but these theoretical approaches have been less commonly studied cross-culturally. Consequently, childhood maltreatment and low self-control have been identified as risk factors for various outcomes in primarily American samples. This study examined the relationships between childhood maltreatment, low self-control, and dating violence among college students in South Korea and the United States. Findings indicated that experiencing childhood maltreatment and having low self-control were key predictors of perpetration and victimization for both psychological and physical relationship violence. Witnessing interparental violence during childhood was less consistently predictive of one’s involvement in a violent dating relationship. Implications for theory and policy are discussed.

Quick on the Draw

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Donner ◽  
Jon Maskaly ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Wesley G. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deadly Force ◽  
Self Control ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Situational Predictors ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Police officers have a continuum of force options available to them, but, without question, the most extreme of these options is deadly force. Recent officer-involved shootings in the United States, and their subsequent media attention, have placed police use of deadly force at the forefront of political, academic, and policy conversations. While the extant literature has uncovered numerous structural, organizational, and situational predictors of police shootings, studies to date are more limited with respect to individual-level factors and have essentially ignored criminological theoretical constructs. Using Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime as a theoretical framework, the current study fills a gap in the literature by using personal and agency records of 1,935 Philadelphia police officers to examine the relationship between low self-control and officer-involved shootings. The results indicate that officers with lower self-control are significantly more likely to have been involved in a police shooting.

The Relevance of Hostility and Self-Control as Mediators of the Relationship Between Antisocial Personality Disorder and Offending

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872096850
Author(s):  
Thomas Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Relationship

Hostility and low self-control are two hallmark characteristics of antisocial personality disorder and are also risk factors for offending. This study tested for mediating effects of these concepts for explaining the antisocial personality disorder-offending relationship. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to estimate these relationships. A Clogg Z test was used to test the equivalence of the mediation effects. Results indicated that antisocial personality disorder diagnosis was associated with offending. Inclusion of hostility and self-control in the model accounted for 65% of the antisocial personality disorder-offending relationship and attenuated it to non-significance. Only self-control was a significant mediator of this relationship and the magnitude of this effect was significantly greater hostility.

Using Structural Equations to Test a Multi-Theoretical Framework with Data on Cyberstalking Victimization in Iran: Self-Control, Control Deficit, Peers’ Online Deviant Behaviors, and Online Deviant Lifestyles

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872096850
Author(s):  
Saeed Kabiri ◽  
Jaeyong Choi ◽  
Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat ◽  
Julak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
Integrated Theory ◽  
Low Self Control

Although there exists a growing amount of empirical literature documenting the correlates of cyberstalking victimization, research has yet to elaborate on the potential mechanisms that can explain the risk for cyberstalking victimization. We proposed an integrated theory, which combined low self-control, control deficit, peers’ online deviant behavior, and online deviant lifestyles based on previous research. We tested this integrated theory specifically for cyberstalking victimization using original data from a sample of 408 Iranian college women. Relying on structural equation modeling, we found that low self-control and peers’ online deviant behaviors were significantly associated with cyberstalking victimization not only directly but also indirectly via online deviant lifestyles. Overall, our findings yielded strong support for the integrated model to explain cyberstalking victimization.

Exploring Potential Protective Factors for the Relationship between Low Self-Control in Adolescence and Negative Health Outcomes in Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2093144
Author(s):  
Cashen M. Boccio
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research links low levels of self-control with criminal involvement and negative life outcomes. A similar line of inquiry has begun to explore whether low levels of self-control are also associated with developing health problems in adulthood. This paper extends this research by examining associations between adolescent levels of self-control and four different categories of health outcomes in adulthood. In addition, this study examines whether associations between adolescent levels of low self-control and health outcomes in adulthood are moderated by environmental protective factors. The results reveal that low levels of self-control in adolescence are consistently associated with reporting more health problems. In addition, some evidence emerged in support of the role of environmental protective factors in buffering the risk of developing health problems conferred by low levels of self-control in adolescence.

scholarly journals The spatiotemporal estimation of the risk and the international transmission of COVID-19: a global perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Chien Lin ◽  
Wan-Ju Chi ◽  
Yu-Ting Lin ◽  
Chun-Yeh Lai
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Imported Case ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Exponential Decrease ◽  
Risk Simulation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAn ongoing novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, the spatiotemporal epidemic transmission, prediction, and risk are insufficient for COVID-19 but we urgently need relevant information globally. We have developed a novel two-stage simulation model to simulate the spatiotemporal changes in the number of cases and estimate the future worldwide risk. Simulation results show that if there is no specific medicine for it, it will form a global pandemic. Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand, and the United States are the most vulnerable. The relationship between each country's vulnerability and days before the first imported case occurred shows an exponential decrease. We successfully predicted the outbreak of South Korea, Japan, and Italy in the early stages of the global pandemic based on the information before February 12, 2020. The development of the epidemic is now earlier than we expected. However, the trend of spread is similar to our estimation.

scholarly journals The Effect of US Foreign Policy on the Relationship Between South and North Korea: Time Series Analysis of the Post-Cold War Era

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Han Yoon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Triangular Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, I examine the effect of US foreign policy on the relationship between South Korea and North Korea. In particular, I analyze whether two different foreign policy approaches—the hard-line approach and the soft-line approach—have played a role in advancing or slowing steps toward peace in the Korean peninsula. I use the Integrated Data for Events Analysis dataset for the period 1990–2004. By employing a Vector Autoregression model, which analyzes the behavioral patterns of South and North Korea and the United States, I find that US foreign policy affects the relationship between the two Koreas by affecting North Korea's behavior toward South Korea. The triangular relationship among the United States, North Korea, and South Korea shows a reciprocal behavior pattern. This finding suggests that a soft-line and reciprocal US foreign policy toward North Korea is critical to maintaining peace in the Korean peninsula.

scholarly journals THE DEFENSIVE–OFFENSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF NORTH KOREA IN THE KOREAN PENINSULA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Aucky Adi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
The Relationship

<div><p class="Els-history-head">The study seeks to explain North Korea's political behavior that tends to act defensively and offensively which has often been represented as a dangerous country. Moreover, historically, the events of the Korean War that led to the breakup of Korea into two parts, the northern part that is associated with the Soviet Union and the southern part that is joined by the United States, makes the relationship between the two countries increasingly conflictual. Coupled with the formation of two axes of power since the collapse of the Soviet Union, North Korea is allied with its ideological one brother China, and South Korea is allied with the United States. The political escalation between the two countries continues to rise, resulting in the relationship of two becoming very conflictual, and because of that, the rivalry that is formed between the two countries raises various potential conflicts that couldn't be avoided. This research used the congruent method by used the balance of threat theory from Stephen Walt who argued that the state reacts to the perceived threat rather than power, and aims to balance it. The results found that North Korea's defensive - offensive actions were motivated by distrust of America-allied South Korea through several joint exercise programs on the peninsula that is considered a form of threat. Overall, the main argument of this research is the North Korea’s defensive - offensive actions are determined by the attitudes of South Korea and its ally the United States.</p></div>

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