Hiv Knowledge and Attitudes among Intravenous Drug Users: Comparisons to the U.S. Population and by Drug Use Behaviors

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Celentano ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
A. S. Menon ◽  
B. Frank Polk
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Outcomes of Ligation without Revascularization in Pseudoaneurysms of Peripheral Arteries in Intravenous Drug Users

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (217) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh Shekher Jaiswal ◽  
Narendra Pandit ◽  
Shailesh Adhikary
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Saphenous Vein Graft ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autologous Vein ◽  
Graft Thrombosis

Introduction: Management of pseudoaneurysms in intravenous drug users is complex andchallenging due to an associated infection and unavailability of autologous vein grafts. Here weobserve the outcomes of ligation and local debridement as a primary modality of treatment in thissubset of patients with pseudoaneurysms. Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study of 15patients over a period of 4 years whopresented with pseudoaneurysm of peripheral artery from intravenous drug use. In this study,we describe the presentations and management outcomes in 15 patients with peripheral arterialpseudoaneurysmfrom IV drug use. Results: The most common site involved was common femoral artery among 12 (80%) patientsfollowed by superficial femoral artery among 8 (13.3%) patients and external iliac artery in 1 (6.7%)patient. Twelve (80%) patients were having signs of infection. All patients underwent surgicalintervention which comprised of excision of pseudoaneurysm and ligation of artery withoutrevascularization among 12 (80%) patients and with revascularization with autologous venous graftamong 3 (20%) patients. There was no mortality or a major bleeding requiring re-exploration. Noneof the patients developed limb ischemia necessitating amputation.One patient with femoral arteryligation without revascularization at one year of follow up is having claudication on brisk walking.There was one saphenous vein graft thrombosis in immediate postoperative period. Conclusions: With the use of ligation without revascularization technique, there was no mortality ormajor bleeding requiring re-exploration. None of the patients developed limb ischemia necessitatingamputation so this treatment modality seems promising in treatment of pseudoaneurysms inintravenous drug users.

Lifetime complications of drug use in intravenous drug users

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Dinwiddie ◽  
Theodore Reich ◽  
C. Robert Cloninger
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users

Intravenous Drug Use, the Combination of Drugs and Sexual Activity and HIV Infection among Gay and Bisexual Men: The San Francisco Men's Health Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Stall ◽  
David G. Ostrow
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
And Bisexual

This paper describes a sizeable subgroup of the AIDS caseload that has not been widely studied, that is, men with histories of both male homosexual activity and intravenous drug use. In this paper we identify differences and similarities between gay intravenous drug users and gay men with different histories of drug use; examine the relationship between HIV seropositivity and different patterns of drug use; and estimate whether gay intravenous drug users are more likely than other gay men to be a source of continued HIV transmission.

Clinical Management of HIV Disease in Intravenous Drug-Users

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Sherrard ◽  
J S Bingham ◽  
T S Onen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Developed World

Intravenous drug-users comprise a major group of HIV-infected individuals in the developed world and, whilst progression of HIV disease in them appears little different from other risk groups, their medical presentations may be altered by continuing drug use. Drug-users are particularly susceptible to bacterial infections irrespective of their HIV status; they may present with symptoms directly caused by their drugs, which can be difficult to differentiate from non-drug-related causes and may closely resemble symptoms directly attributable to HIV. In addition, the life style associated with drug use can make compliance difficult, but in clinics combining HIV care and methadone prescribing these problems can be overcome.

scholarly journals 1096. Evaluation of Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in Intravenous Drug Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S639-S640
Author(s):  
Sayo Weihs ◽  
Gadison Quick ◽  
Ivana Bogdanich
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Iv Drug Use

Abstract Background People who inject illicit drugs (PWID) are 16 times more likely to develop methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections including severe infections like bacteremia and endocarditis. Vancomycin is recommended as the drug of choice for empiric and targeted coverage in both severe and non-severe MRSA infections. Pharmacokinetic literature has suggested up to 31% higher renal clearance in intravenous drug users (IVDU) compared to non-IVDUs. This increased clearance may theoretically lead to more frequent sub-therapeutic troughs in otherwise standard dosing schemes. There is a paucity of data examining vancomycin pharmacokinetics following typical dosing schemes in IVDU population. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective chart review that examined therapeutic drug monitoring in patients treated with vancomycin between January 1st, 2015 through July 31st, 2020. Patients were identified as either IVDU or non-IVUD groups based on ICD-9/10 codes. The primary outcome was the difference between mean first vancomycin steady state troughs. Secondary outcomes were differences in time to first therapeutic trough, mean number of days on vancomycin based on infection, rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) after vancomycin, and rate of vancomycin failure. Results A total of 158 patients were included in the analysis (77 IVDU vs. 81 non-IVDU). Mean first vancomycin steady state trough were significantly less in IVDU group compared to non-IVDU group (11.85 vs. 13.98 mcg/mL P = 0.007). Mean time to first therapeutic trough and mean number of days treated were significantly higher in IVDU versus non-IVDR samples (65.9 vs. 50.2 hours P = 0.044 and 5.4 vs. 12.3 days P = 0.017, respectively). There was no detectable difference in rates of AKI and vancomycin failure. Primary outcome graph for patients with IV drug use Primary outcome graph for patients without IV drug use Conclusion Vancomycin use in patients with IVDU resulted in significantly lower steady state troughs compared to patients who were non-IVDU. These patients also had a longer time to first therapeutic trough. Patient populations who are IVDU may require additional consideration as a special population for future development of vancomycin pharmacokinetic models. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Patterns of lifetime drug use among intravenous drug users

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Dinwiddie ◽  
Theodore Reich ◽  
C. Robert Cloninger
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users

scholarly journals Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis C Among Intravenous Drug Users: A Comparative Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Jovanović ◽  
Branislav Jovanović ◽  
Milena Potić ◽  
Ljiljana Konstantinović ◽  
Miodrag Vrbić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) usually evades the host’s immune system and persists as a chronic infection. Intravenous drug users (IVDU) represent the majority of patients infected with HCV Combined therapy of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with peginterferon a-2a and ribavirin can be successful even when patients continue the intravenous drug use. In this study, we compared the characteristics of age, gender, genotype, and stage of fibrosis and the therapy outcome among IVDU and patients with no history of drug use. The study included 69 patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C, evaluated and treated at the Clinic for infectious diseases in Nis from 2005 to 2009. HCV RNA was detected by a polymerase chain reaction and the determination of genotypes was undertaken. Liver biopsies were examined histopathologicaly. Patients received a combined treatment of peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin. Therapy efficiency was evaluated based on the achievement of the sustained virological response (SVR). A comparison of characteristics was performed with the use of Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square (χ2) test and logistic regression. IVDU were significantly younger than patients in the control group. Prevalence of stage 1 fibrosis was significantly higher among IVDU. The therapy outcome is influenced by the patient’s age and HCV genotypes. Each year added to one patient decreased the therapy efficiency by 8.1%, while genotypes 2 and 3 experienced a therapy which was 2.08 times more efficient than in other cases. IVDU represent a specific population different from non-using patients. However, they can be treated effectively if an adequate patient-doctor relationship is established.

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