Working Hands and Critical Minds: A Paulo Freire Model for Job Training

1988 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Shor
Keyword(s):  
Job Training ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Culture War ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Technical Instruction ◽  
Intellectual Work ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The 1960S

Students in present-day classrooms commonly resist intellectual work and show a strong impatience to finish school and begin a career. This is one result of a culture war over curriculum which began after the 1960s, both inside and outside schooling, over an aggressive vocational policy imposed from the top down. A participatory and dialogic method for job-training courses, derived from Paulo Freire's ideas, can offer a critical and animating alternative to the current methods of technical instruction.

scholarly journals Educação popular e emancipação: a "Pedagogia do oprimido" como projeto contra-hegemônico das classes subalternas / Popular education and emancipation...

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
José Henrique Singolano Néspoli
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Popular Education ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Work ◽  
Pedagogy Of The Oppressed ◽  
Popular Classes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

O artigo pretende examinar as relações entre educação popular e emancipação presentes na Pedagogia do Oprimido desenvolvida por Paulo Freire. Segundo este autor, as práticas de educação popular se definem fundamentalmente pelas relações que elas estabelecem com as lutas emancipatórias empreendidas pelos oprimidos. Deste ponto de vista, o texto procura analisar o processo de constituição e emergência histórica do método Paulo Freire no cenário político e educacional brasileiro dos anos 1960 tendo por objetivo examinar as relações que a Pedagogia do Oprimido estabeleceu com as lutas dos trabalhadores e das camadas populares pela emancipação das classes subalternas naquele contexto. Com base nesta perspectiva, o texto aborda a Pedagogia do Oprimido não como uma obra individual de um autor específico, mas como expressão orgânica das classes subalternas e de seu projeto contra hegemônico de transformação da sociedade.Palavras-chave: História e filosofia da educação, educação e política, Paulo Freire, emancipação das classes subalternas. Abstract: The article aims to examine the relationship between popular education and emancipation present in the Pedagogy of the Oppressed developed by Paulo Freire. According to this author, the practices of popular education are fundamentally defined by the relations they establish with the emancipatory struggles undertaken by the oppressed. From this point of view, the text seeks to analyze the process of constitution and historical emergence of the Paulo Freire method in the Brazilian political and educational scenario of the 1960s with the objective of examining the relations that the Pedagogy of the Oppressed established with the struggles of workers and the popular classes for the emancipation of the subaltern classes in that context. From this perspective, the text approaches the Pedagogy of the Oppressed not as an individual work of a specific author, but as an organic expression of the subaltern classes and their counter-hegemonic project of transformation of society.Keywords: History and philosophy of education, education and politics, Paulo Freire, emancipation of subaltern classes.

“This Room is Yours, Personal!”: The Rise and Fall of Middle-Class Decoration Expertise in the Bedrooms of America’s Teens, 1900–1985

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-129
Author(s):  
Jason Reid
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Room Design ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War

This article also examines how the decline of teen-oriented room décor expertise reflected significant changes in the way gender and class influenced teen room culture during the tail end of the Cold War. Earlier teen décor strategies were often aimed towards affluent women; by contrast, the child-centric, do-it-yourself approach, as an informal, inexpensive alternative, was better suited to grant boys and working class teens from both sexes a greater role in the room design discourse. This article evaluates how middle-class home décor experts during the early decades of the twentieth century re-envisioned the teen bedroom as a space that was to be designed and maintained almost exclusively by teens rather than parents. However, many of the experts who formulated this advice would eventually become victims of their own success. By the 1960s and 1970s, teens were expected to have near total control over their bedrooms, which, in turn, challenged the validity of top-down forms of expertise.

Paulo Freire and the crisis of modernity

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Vasquez
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Neoliberal Capitalism ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Crisis Of Modernity ◽  
The Third World

Brazilian educator Paulo Freire played an influential role in the development of grass-roots religious movements throughout the Third World from the 1960s to 1980s. Partaking of the Enlightenment affirmation of critical thinking as the key emancipatory tool, Freire's pedagogical method has empowered hitherto marginalized subjects. Toward the end of the 1980s, however, postmodernist critiques of Enlightenment rationality as domination have raised some troublesome doubts about the viability of modernist emancipatory projects, including Freire's method. In this article, I reformulate Freire's method to respond to the challenges of postmodernist critiques. I argue that despite some serious shortcomings, the emancipatory impulse behind Freire's pedagogy is worth preserving. Further, I see a revised Freirean approach as a salutary counterpoint to postmodernism's excessive localism and elective affinity with neoliberal capitalism.

Top-Down and Bottom-Up Regulation of Communities

Ecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Shurin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Strong Contender ◽  
Apparent Association

The dichotomy between top-down and bottom-up forces acting on populations and communities has informed and motivated research in ecology over its entire history. Early practitioners emphasized the importance of bottom-up control because of the apparent association between many species and the supply of resources from the environment. Consumers and predators, the sources of top-down control, were often assumed to exert little influence over the composition of communities or the dynamics of ecosystems. Thomas Huxley’s famous assertion in 1883 that “all the great sea fisheries, are inexhaustible; that is to say, that nothing we do seriously affects the number of the fish” reflects the general impression about the effects of many consumers, including humans, on populations of their prey (“The abundance of the seas,” New York Times, 17 November 1895). Predators were considered to be agents of natural selection, removing unfit individuals but having little impact on the numbers of their prey, which were often thought to be capable of mounting effective defensive strategies and prodigious reproduction. Top-down regulation became a strong contender as an alternative to bottom-up control in the 1960s, when theoretical and empirical evidence began to accumulate that consumers exert considerable influence over the ecosystems they inhabit. Since then a much-richer picture has emerged of how, where, and when top-down and bottom-up forces come into play and of the interaction between the two. This article deals with approaches to disentangling the effects of predators and resources on communities and ecosystems and what they have revealed about the structure and dynamics of nature.

Historic Changes in Lake Michigan Zooplankton Community Structure: The 1960s Revisited with Implications for Top-Down Control

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1734-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
The 1960S

Recent changes in the Lake Michigan ecosystem provide a benchmark against which to reevaluate historic data. During the 1960s, the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) population exploded and then crashed. Offshore zoo-plankton data for the summers of 1954, 1966, and 1968 provided evidence that variations in alewife abundance had a major effect on zooplankton community structure. Based on these observations, other researchers have hypothesized that increased and decreased phytoplankton abundances during the 1960s as recorded at the Chicago water filtration plant were due to top-down effects rather than to phosphorus loading. This argument is reevaluated using two approaches. First, from the relationship between interannual variability in alewife and zooplankton species abundance during the summers of 1954, 1966, 1968, 1977, 1982, and 1984–87, I conclude that the effects of alewife predation on zooplankton community structure during the 1960s are less clear then originally proposed. Second, from estimates of Daphnia spp. grazing rates, considerations of the source of the long-term phytoplankton data used to support the top-down argument, regional differences in phytoplankton, zooplankton and alewife abundance trends, and historic water clarity observations, I conclude that existing data are insufficient to support the top-down argument that long-term trends in phytoplankton abundance were primarily affected by fluctuations in alewife abundance.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effective Factors in Motivating Nurses to Participate in On-the-job Training Courses

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purreza Abolghasem ◽  
Leila Dehghankar ◽  
Moslem Jafarisani ◽  
Ali Pouryosef ◽  
Hamidreza Tadayyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Job Training ◽  
Male Nurses ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
On The Job Training

Background: On-the-job Training is one of the most useful and economical methods for nurses to keep up with the latest progress in technology, as well as medical and social sciences. Encouraging nurses to improve their knowledge and skills is one of the most important responsibilities of a nursing management. This study aims to evaluate the effective factors in Motivating Nurses to Attend On-the-job Training Courses.Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study which is on the basis of existing facts and information about the subject of the study. Our population comprises of 147 qualified nurses working in the hospitals of Torbat Heidariye University of Medical Sciences. Data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 21.Results: 46.3% of nurses were in 30-40 age group, 54.2% were females, 81.2% were married, 86.4% had B.S. 58.6% of nurses have been working in the hospital for less than 5 years. 87.8% of nurses were working on shifts, and the rest (1.8%) were supervisors. 94% of nurses agreed on the necessity of on-the-job training (moderately or highly required).Conclusion: we found out that there is no significant relationship between motivating factors and demographic characteristics. Also, there is an important difference between genders and organizational motivating factors. It means that the rate of male nurses’ participation in on-the-job training courses is higher than that of female nurses.Keywords: motivation, nurse, on-the-job training, hospital

Utilization of biogas as an untapped renewable energy source in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Duc-Truong Dinh ◽  
Thu-Nga Do ◽  
Thi-Thoa Le ◽  
Ngoc-Bao Pham ◽  
Anh-Duc Trinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
State Of Art

In Asia, Vietnam is one of the countries severely affected by energy shortages and climate change. Development of renewable energy from livestock wastes, e.g., production of electricity from biogas, is a solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution from untreated livestock wastes, as well as energy shortages. So that, biogas technology has been researched and applied in Vietnam since the 1960s. The development and state-of-art issue of household biogas, specifically, the opportunities and constraints of household biogas are presented in this paper. There are several opportunities for household biogas development, including, the availability of biogas fermentation materials, energy shortage issues, and policy support from the Government of Vietnam and international organizations. Besides, barriers encountered in household biogas development in Vietnam included technical barriers, financial policy barriers, awareness and capacity limitations. The capacity building should include the dissemination and update of policy to maintain transparency and credibility for attracting potential domestic investors. Training courses should be provided to technical staff of biogas digester on operation and maintenance. Measures should be taken to improve the policy and mechanisms, especially, financial mechanisms.

scholarly journals Nowe pokolenie dysydentów? Sytuacja obrońców praw człowieka i LGBT w Rosji – perspektywa współczesna

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-132
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lachowicz ◽  
◽  
Agnieszka Smólczyńska-Wiechetek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
Legal Instrument ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
The 1960S

The brutal repression of human rights defenders and representatives of LGBT groups in Russia increased between 2014 and 2020. This was preceded by a tightening of control over activism, protests, social movements and the sphere of public information, as well as a tightening of institutional control over the so-called “third sector” and the introduction of a structured, increasingly restrictive legal instrument. All of these actions were aimed at creating a top-down system of human rights. As a result, this led to an increasing number of persecuted groups operating from the second half of the 1960s in the USSR, a form of resistance that was dissident. The purpose of the analyses conducted in this article is to identify mechanisms that can lead to open and peaceful resistance activities, mechanisms that allow human rights defenders and LGBT activists in Russia to be active on issues whose relevance crosses administrative boundaries, and solutions that allow them to participate in an area of solidarity irrespective of political boundaries.

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