GIS and Archaeology

Geographic (sometimes geographical or spatial) information systems (GIS) refer to hardware, software, and practices relating to the collection, management, and analysis of geospatial data. A large body of literature exists regarding archaeological GIS due to the discipline’s relatively early adoption in the 1980s. Archaeological uses of GIS relate to interests regarding the interdependence among geographic space, human culture, and various natural phenomena. GIS provides new forms of analyses that are either too difficult or even impossible without the aid of computers. Archaeologists’ interest in theoretical topics associated with interpretation and methodology continues to animate considerable discussion bringing archaeological GIS closer to GIScience, which moves beyond technical instruction to engage deeper conceptual aspects. Many of these aspects relate to particularly sections in this article. Early archaeological GIS interests focus on topics such as inventory, mapping inter- and intra-site distributions, and the prediction of new site locations. Today, archaeological GIS continues to explore these and emerging topics, such as the use of GIS to manage and interpret remotely sensed, visualization, and information science. The application of GIS remains one of the fastest growing areas of disciplinary specialization for archaeology and is central to cultural resources management work around the world. This bibliography groups archaeological GIS on the basis of use. This includes categories such as inventory, geospatial analyses, data visualization (e.g., mapmaking), and so forth. Some sections include subsections, as in the case of geospatial analysis where the literature continues to rapidly expand. Sources are placed into the most relevant section based on focus or best fit in relation to the overall literature on archaeological GIS.

Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap Berbasis Partisipasi Masyarakat (PTSL-PM) di Kabupaten Bojonegoro

The technical instruction number: 002/JUKNIS-300.UK.01.01/II/2019 dated on 1-02-2019 concerning Complete Systematic Land Registration Program Based on the Community Participation (Juknis PTSL-PM) enables the presence of community involvement as the manifestation of Article 42 paragraph (1) of the Regulation of the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Ka.BPN Number 6 of 2018. The practice can be found in Bojonegoro District which has started the PTSL–PM program before the issue of the technical instruction of PTSL-PM so that it causes issues related to the compatibility of the technical instruction of PTSL-PM implementation with the participative mechanism occurred in Bojonegoro District. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the implementation of the technical instruction of PTSL-PM. This research used qualitative research method through descriptive approach. The result of the research found that from 97 description of the activities as the comparison instrument, 48 activities were not appropriate, while 42 activities were appropriate (the activities type contains participation which is not regulated in the technical instruction of PTSL-PM) and 7 activities have not been studied so that those were not included in the research object. The components related to the working map, land data collection formation basic, and measurement method used were the components which affect the implementation of technical instruction of PTSL-PM the most. Land office of Bojonegoro District cannot perform the technical instruction of PTSL-PM fully since the participation method uniformity is not possible considering the community characteristic, human resource, and facilities-infrasturure which are different in each region.Keywords: PTSL, Community’s Participation, Technical Instruction Intisari: Petunjuk Teknis Nomor 002/JUKNIS-300.UK.01.01/II/2019 tentang Kegiatan PTSL Berbasis Partisipasi Masyarakat (Juknis PTSL-PM) memungkinkan adanya keterlibatan dari masyarakat sebagai perwujudan dari Pasal 42 ayat (1) Permen ATR/Ka.BPN Nomor 6 Tahun 2018. Praktiknya di Kabupaten Bojonegoro telah memulai program PTSL-PM sebelum diterbitkannya Juknis PTSL-PM sehingga menimbulkan persoalan terkait kesesuaian pelaksanaan Juknis PTSL-PM dengan mekanisme partisipatif yang telah terjadi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Juknis PTSL-PM. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dari 97 uraian kegiatan sebagai instrumen pembanding, 48 kegiatan tidak sesuai, 42 kegiatan sesuai atau dapat disesuaikan (jenis kegiatan bersifat partisipasi namun tidak diatur dalam Juknis PTSL-PM) dan 7 kegiatan belum diteliti sehingga bukan merupakan objek penelitian. Komponen yang berkaitan dengan peta kerja, dasar pembentukan pengumpul data pertanahan dan metode pengukuran yang digunakan merupakan komponen yang paling mempengaruhi pelaksanaan Juknis PTSL-PM. Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Bojonegoro tidak dapat melaksanakan secara penuh Juknis PTSL-PM karena keseragaman metode partisipasi tidak dimungkinkan mengingat karakteristik masyarakat, sumberdaya manusia dan sarana prasarana memiliki perbedaan di setiap daerah.Kata Kunci: PTSL, Partisipasi Masyarakat, Petunjuk Teknis

AI, Norms, Big Data, and the Law

This is an overview article regarding artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential normative implications. Technology has always had inherent normative consequences not least due to AI and the use of algorithms. There is a crucial difference between algorithms in a technical sense and from a social-science perspective. It is a question of different orders of normativity—the first related to the algorithm as a technical instruction and the second to the consequences springing from the first order. I call these last-mentioned norms algo norms. These are embedded in the technology and determined by the design of the AI. The outcome is an empirical question. AI and algo norms are moving targets, which call for a novel scientific approach that relates to advanced practice. Law actualizes primarily for preventive reasons in relation to negative aspects of the new technology. No major regulatory scheme for AI exists. In the article, I point out some areas that raise the need for legal regulation. Finally, I comment on three main challenges for the digital development in relation to AI: (1) the energy costs; (2) the singularity point; and (3) the governance problems.

Słowo jako medium tradycji: szkic z teorii oralności

Word as Medium of Tradition. Essay on Theory of OralityThe goal of the paper is to outline the concept of word as medium of intergenerational transfer of tradition in cultures of primary orality as formulated in the theory of orality since the 1960s. According to the classic anthropological approach, it emphasizes the orientation on tradition and stability of oral cultures. It also focuses on mechanisms of preserving fidelity and persistence of cultural patterns in the utterances/messages despite the lack of the written form. The basic mechanism here is to grasp messages in the form of epic poetry. Information (technical instruction and moral norms) is depicted in the narrative context, that is, descriptions of heroes’ activities as only by that the listeners’ emotions and – consequently – actions were stimulated. Combining poetry with music, singing, gestures and dancing were also used as mnemotechnical tools – messages affected listeners by rhyme, rhythm, and melody. On the verbal level, shaping messages according to mnemotechnical mechanisms have led to the origins of preservative language (elevated speech) that differed from flexible language used for everyday communication. Its main constitutive trait was dominance of formulas (formulative style) aimed at preserving those messages from critical analysis and being reshaped by the recipients. On the structural level of stories, formulas’ equivalent were typescenes and story-patterns. They were used to secure high fidelity of several performances (repetitions) of particular pieces. Other inherent traits of oral messages are: paratactic composition, redundancy, and Homeric epithets for descriptions of heroes.

Quality of process impacts fourth grade students’ participation in physically active academic lessons

Background It is important to assess implementation of active learning interventions to maximize their impact. Quality of process, or how well one engages program participants, has been less studied than other implementation components (e.g., dose, fidelity). This cross-sectional study examined associations between teacher engagement behaviors, teacher feedback, and student physical activity outcomes during active classroom lessons.Methods This study used data from the Texas Initiatives for Children’s Activity and Nutrition (I-CAN!) randomized controlled trial. Multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to compare student physical activity outcomes by teachers’ engagement behaviors. Bivariate correlations were conducted to examine associations between teacher feedback and student physical activity outcomes. A latent profile analysis was used to examine whether there were subsets of teachers with similar feedback profiles.Results The final analytic sample included 82 teachers (N = 100 observations). Teacher-directed changes in physical activity and/or teacher participation in physical activity demonstrated significantly higher ratings for student physical activity intensity, class participation, and how often children were active (all p < .05). Physical Activity Reinforcement and Technical Instruction feedback were positively associated with activity intensity (r=-.20, p < .05 and r = .33, p < .01, respectively). Technical Instruction feedback was positively associated with how many (r = .31, p < .01) and how often (r = .44, p < .01) students were active during lessons. Negative feedback was negatively associated with how many (r=-.20, p < .05) and how often (r=-.28, p < .01) students were active, as well as activity intensity (r=-.27, p < .01). All teachers were represented by relatively high levels of Game Instruction and Classroom Management feedback, moderate levels of Content Reinforcement and Content Instruction feedback, and low levels of Negative, Technical Instruction, and Physical Activity Reinforcement feedback. These data did not indicate the existence of multiple feedback profiles.Conclusions These findings suggest that teacher engagement and feedback to students during physically active, academic lessons can help promote student engagement in physical activity. Teachers have primary responsibility for implementing school-based interventions, and it is critical to develop strategies that increase teachers’ ability to implement them successfully. Opportunities to maximize intervention delivery, such as co-designing with teachers, should be utilized in school-based, physical activity interventions.

Is the Independent Tape Reinforcement a valid technique to reduce the rerupture rate of ACL reconstructions? A technical instruction and case series with 2-year follow up

Aims and Objectives: Although there is an ongoing development in ACL reconstruction techniques, a rerupture rate up to 20% still is discussed in the literature. Is the ACL reconstruction using a quadriple semitendinosus in combination with a polyurethane tape reinforcement a valid technique to reduce the retare rate? A clinical trial with 35 Patients compared to 320 patients using an isolated semitendinosus reconstruction without internal bracing. Materials and Methods: Additionally, to the quadruple semitendinosus technique with cortical button fixation, the transplant is parallelly stabilized by a polyurethane tape which is individually fixed in the femoral button. The tape secures the transplant during the remodeling episode since repeated small tensions on the transplant during this time are discussed as a reason for a rerupture. In this prospective case series 35 patients were treated with this technique, reexamined and VAS, Tegner, KOOS Jr. and SANE are preoperatively, two and six weeks, three and six month and after one, two and five years recorded using a PROMS system. Clinical instability and proprioceptive function were also surveyed at these timepoints. The results and rerupture rates were compared with 320 patients of our database who underwent a comparable reconstruction without using the internal brace. Patients with fractures and multi-ligament injuries were excluded. Results: Until now no reruptures were reported, there are no significant subjective or objective differences compared to the group without internal bracing. The two years results are pending. Preoperatively the VAS score was 2.2 +/- 2.0. Two weeks after the surgery 2.1 +/- 1.8 and one year postoperatively 0.5 +/- 0.7. Tegner score preoperatively: 4.6 +/- 2.7 after one year 4.7 +/- 3.0. KOOS jun. improves in both groups around 15%. Conclusion: Until now the ACL reconstruction using an internal brace seems to be a safe and effective technique. Biomechanical studies show beneficial stabilizing results and a minor rerupture rate might be possible due to reduced microlesions during the remodeling period. The study is still ongoing, longtime results are pending.

Peer-Led Group Tele-Supervision of Clinical Psychologists: Optimization of Resources - A Malaysian Case Study

Inaccessibility to clinical supervision is an issue faced by solo clinical psychologist practitioners. To overcome this problem, the authors described the innovative combination use of web-based instant messaging application and video call application in conducting a peer-led group tele-supervision among 28 clinical psychologists, including WhatsAppTM, SkypeTM and ZoomTM. The regular peer clinical supervision group started since October 2017 and it served as a platform to: 1) address important clinical care related issues, 2) discuss case assessment and management, 3) provide technical instruction, 4) explore resistance and analyse countertransference, 5) provide emotional support, and 6) share knowledge and update guidelines. The challenges include: 1) difficulty of facetime session arrangement, 2) limited time for in-depth discussion, 3) internet connection issue, and 4) dilemma on documentation. With more than one year of experience of using this tele-supervision model, it is seen to be a potential solution for other resource-scarce developing countries and other clinical disciplines although more structured and larger prospective studies are required.