scholarly journals The Montclair Map Task: Balance, Efficacy, and Efficiency in Conversational Interaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S Pardo ◽  
Adelya Urmanche ◽  
Hannah Gash ◽  
Jaclyn Wiener ◽  
Nicholas Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Map Matching ◽  
State University ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Speech Corpus ◽  
Conversational Interaction ◽  
Task Oriented

This paper introduces a conversational speech corpus collected during the completion of a map-matching task that is available for research purposes via the Montclair State University Digital Commons Data Repository. The Montclair Map Task is a new, role-neutral conversational task that involves paired iconic maps with labeled landmarks and a path drawn from a start point, around various landmarks, to a finish mark. One advantage of this task-oriented corpus is the ability to derive independent objective measures of task performance for both members of a conversational pair that can be related to aspects of communicative style. A total of 96 native English speakers completed the task in 16 same-sex female, 16 same-sex male, and 16 mixed-sex pairings. Conversations averaged 32 minutes in duration, yielding approximately 217,000 words. The transcription protocol delineates events such as speaking turns, inter-turn intervals, landmark phrases, fillers, pauses, overlaps, and backchannels, making this corpus a useful tool for investigating dynamics of conversational interaction. Analyses of communication efficacy and efficiency reveal that male pairs of talkers were less efficient than female and mixed-sex pairs with respect to partner map-matching task performance.

scholarly journals AutoQual: task-oriented structural vibration sensing quality assessment leveraging co-located mobile sensing context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zhizhang Hu ◽  
Susu Xu ◽  
Shijia Pan
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Mobile Sensing ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Vibration Sensing ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Task Oriented

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce AutoQual, a mobile-based assessment scheme for infrastructure sensing task performance prediction under new deployment environments. With the growth of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), many non-intrusive sensing systems have been explored for various indoor applications, such as structural vibration sensing. This indirect sensing approach’s learning performance is prone to deployment variance when signals propagate through the environment. As a result, current systems heavily rely on expert knowledge and manual assessment to achieve effective deployments and high sensing task performance. In order to mitigate this expert effort, we propose to systematically study factors that reflect deployment environment characteristics and methods to measure them autonomously. We present AutoQual that measures a series of assessment factors (AFs) reflecting how the deployment environment impacts the system performance. AutoQual outputs a task-oriented sensing quality (TSQ) score by integrating measured AFs trained from known deployments as a prediction of untested system’s performance. In addition, AutoQual achieves this assessment without manual effort by leveraging co-located mobile sensing context to extract structural vibration signal for processing automatically. We evaluate AutoQual by using it to predict untested systems’ performance over multiple sensing tasks. We conduct real-world experiments and investigate 48 deployments in 11 environments. AutoQual achieves less than 0.10 average absolute error when auto-assessing multiple tasks at untested deployments, which shows a $$\le 0.018$$ ≤ 0.018 absolute error difference compared to the manual assessment approach.

Current Task Activation Predicts General Effects of Advance Preparation in Task Switching

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edita Poljac ◽  
Ab de Haan ◽  
Gerard P. van Galen
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Shape Matching ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Task Switch ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
And Task

Two experiments investigated the way that beforehand preparation influences general task execution in reaction-time matching tasks. Response times (RTs) and error rates were measured for switching and nonswitching conditions in a color- and shape-matching task. The task blocks could repeat (task repetition) or alternate (task switch), and the preparation interval (PI) was manipulated within-subjects (Experiment 1) and between-subjects (Experiment 2). The study illustrated a comparable general task performance after a long PI for both experiments, within and between PI manipulations. After a short PI, however, the general task performance increased significantly for the between-subjects manipulation of the PI. Furthermore, both experiments demonstrated an analogous preparation effect for both task switching and task repetitions. Next, a consistent switch cost throughout the whole run of trials and a within-run slowing effect were observed in both experiments. Altogether, the present study implies that the effects of the advance preparation go beyond the first trials and confirms different points of the activation approach ( Altmann, 2002) to task switching.

Narcissism personality trait and performance: task-oriented leadership and authoritarian styles as mediators

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-293
Author(s):  
Kiran Sakkar Sudha ◽  
M. Ghazi Shahnawaz
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Measure Of Performance ◽  
Task Oriented

PurposeThe present study explored the direct as well as indirect relationships between narcissism personality trait and performance. Two leadership styles (task oriented and authoritarian styles) were identified as possible mediators.Design/methodology/approachNarcissism was measured by using Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames et al., 2006), performance was measured by performance scale (Greene-Shortridge, 2008). Sinha's leadership scale (Sinha, 2008) was used to measure task-oriented and authoritarian leadership styles. 273 senior-level managers of a big public sector Indian organization participated in the study. SPSS 22 and SmartPLS 2.0 were used to analyze the data.FindingsCorrelation result shows that narcissism personality trait was positively related to authoritarian leadership style and negatively to task-oriented leadership style, task performance and teamwork dimensions of performance. Task-oriented leadership style mediated the relationship between narcissism and task performance and teamwork more than the authoritarian leadership style.Originality/valueThe study attempts to empirically test the behavioral manifestation of narcissism personality trait as positive or negative and has considered the whole measure of performance which has not been previously explored. Practical implications were also highlighted beside the theoretical concerns.

scholarly journals JSpeech: A Multi-Lingual Conversational Speech Corpus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Janalizadeh Choobbasti ◽  
Mohammad Erfan Gholamian ◽  
Amir Vaheb ◽  
Saeid Safavi
Keyword(s):  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Speech Corpus

THE EFFECTS OF SELF-PREOCCUPATION ON TASK PERFORMANCE AND INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
David Williams ◽  
Matt E. Jaremko
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback

Two studies are described in which level of self-preoccupation (SP) is shown to be related to how feedback is perceived. Based on past research, it was hypothesized that high SP subjects would perceive negative feedback as more negative and positive feedback as more positive than low SP per sons. In one study subjects were exposed to an impossible discrimination task in which they received bogus feedback. High SP persons negatively distorted all feedback more than medium or low SP persons. The second study involved subjects imagining they had received either positive or negative feedback from a same sex person after they had interacted with the person for one hour. Each subject received both a positive and negative evaluation, balanced for order effects. Results showed that all subjects who received negative feedback first showed higher evaluation to both positive and negative feedback. There was a tendency for high SP persons who received negative feedback first to offer the most positive evaluations when given the positive feedback. Results are discussed in terms of feedback perception and focus of attention.

Cross-Modal Associations Between Color and Touch: Mapping Haptic and Tactile Terms to the Surface of the Munsell Color Solid

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 691-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Wright ◽  
Yasmina Jraissati ◽  
Dila Özçelik
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Mediating Role

This study investigated cross-modal associations between color and touch using a matching task. Participants matched colors drawn from the surface of the Munsell color solid to antonym pairs of haptic/tactile adjectives. For most of the term pairs assessed (soft/hard, smooth/rough, flat/uneven, slippery/not slippery, light/heavy, thin/thick and round/sharp) matching appears predominantly influenced by lightness, with the first term from each pair matched to light colors and the other to dark colors, a result in close agreement with previous research. For two terms, warm and wet, there were clear influences of hue on task performance. There were also similarities between patterns of color matching to several of the haptic/tactile terms assessed and color matching to another term, dislike. This suggests valence may play a mediating role in cross-modal associations involving touch and color.

scholarly journals Bipartite Functional Fractionation within the Default Network Supports Disparate Forms of Internally Oriented Cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 5484-5501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Chiou ◽  
Gina F Humphreys ◽  
Matthew A Lambon Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Default Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fmri Response ◽  
Task Oriented

Abstract Our understanding about the functionality of the brain’s default network (DN) has significantly evolved over the past decade. Whereas traditional views define this network based on its suspension/disengagement during task-oriented behavior, contemporary accounts have characterized various situations wherein the DN actively contributes to task performance. However, it is unclear how different task-contexts drive componential regions of the DN to coalesce into a unitary network and fractionate into different subnetworks. Here we report a compendium of evidence that provides answers to these questions. Across multiple analyses, we found a striking dyadic structure within the DN in terms of the profiles of task-triggered fMRI response and effective connectivity, significantly extending beyond previous inferences based on meta-analysis and resting-state activities. In this dichotomy, one subset of DN regions prefers mental activities “interfacing with” perceptible events, while the other subset prefers activities “detached from” perceptible events. While both show a common “aversion” to sensory-motoric activities, their differential preferences manifest a subdivision that sheds light upon the taxonomy of the brain’s memory systems. This dichotomy is consistent with proposals of a macroscale gradational structure spanning across the cerebrum. This gradient increases its representational complexity, from primitive sensory-motoric processing, through lexical-semantic representations, to elaborated self-generated thoughts.

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