THE EFFECTS OF SELF-PREOCCUPATION ON TASK PERFORMANCE AND INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
David Williams ◽  
Matt E. Jaremko
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback

Two studies are described in which level of self-preoccupation (SP) is shown to be related to how feedback is perceived. Based on past research, it was hypothesized that high SP subjects would perceive negative feedback as more negative and positive feedback as more positive than low SP per sons. In one study subjects were exposed to an impossible discrimination task in which they received bogus feedback. High SP persons negatively distorted all feedback more than medium or low SP persons. The second study involved subjects imagining they had received either positive or negative feedback from a same sex person after they had interacted with the person for one hour. Each subject received both a positive and negative evaluation, balanced for order effects. Results showed that all subjects who received negative feedback first showed higher evaluation to both positive and negative feedback. There was a tendency for high SP persons who received negative feedback first to offer the most positive evaluations when given the positive feedback. Results are discussed in terms of feedback perception and focus of attention.

Examining self-verification processes in social anxiety

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell P. A. Howarth ◽  
Miriam Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback

AbstractSocially anxious individuals hold negative beliefs about their appearance, abilities and personality. These negative self-conceptions increase expectations of negative evaluation from others and, consequently increase anxiety. Self-verification theory states that individuals seek, accept and prefer feedback that is congruent with their self-conceptions. This study explored the assumptions of self-verification theory in social anxiety. This was achieved by examining the type of feedback socially anxious individuals seek and how positive and negative feedback is processed. Results from an undergraduate sample (n = 84) indicate that socially anxious individuals were no more or less likely to seek negative feedback than individuals with low social anxiety. However, participants with greater social anxiety rated positive feedback as less accurate, rated negative feedback as more accurate, and were more comfortable with negative feedback, compared to participants with low social anxiety. Greater social anxiety was also found to predict increased discomfort with positive feedback, and fear of negative evaluation fully mediated this relationship. These findings suggest that self-verification processes operate in social anxiety and highlight the need for researchers to include measures of fears of evaluation when examining self-verification theory in samples of socially anxious individuals.

The Impact of Feedback on Goal Setting and Task Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Krenn ◽  
Sabine Würth ◽  
Andreas Hergovich
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Task Motivation ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
The Impact

This research project was undertaken in response to Kluger and DeNisi’s (1996 ) call for more primary studies to investigate specific propositions of the feedback intervention theory (FIT). To study the assumptions of FIT on the level of task-motivation processes, we analyzed the impact of combined positive and negative feedback. Participants (N = 413) performed a series of tasks in which they were to indicate the number of athletes appearing in short video sequences of different sports. After each task performance the participants received manipulated feedback and were to choose between predetermined options (e.g., raise the level of difficulty, maintain the level of difficulty). We found that the participants most frequently raised the difficulty level after receiving positive feedback and maintained the level after receiving negative feedback. There were no significant differences in the performance of participants who raised and those who maintained the difficulty level after receiving positive or negative feedback. However, the performance of participants who raised the difficulty level after receiving positive feedback increased more than that of those who maintained the difficulty level after receiving negative feedback. In addition, we observed an increase in participants’ avoidance behavior in response to repeated negative feedback. The results partially confirmed the assumptions of the FIT.

Phase-dependent reversal of reflexes mediated by the thoracocoxal muscle receptor organ in the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Skorupski ◽  
K. T. Sillar
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Muscle Receptor ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Receptor Organ ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Central Excitability

Both negative feedback, resistance reflexes and positive feedback, assistance reflexes are mediated by the thoracocoxal muscle receptor organ (TCMRO) in the crayfish, depending on the central excitability of the preparation. In this paper we present evidence that the velocity-sensitive afferent T fiber of the TCMRO may elicit either resistance or assistance reflexes in different preparations. In preparations displaying assistance reflexes, the S and T fibers of the TCMRO exert reciprocal effects on leg motor neurons (MNs). The S fiber excites promotor MNs (negative feedback) and inhibits remotor MNs, the T fiber excites remotor MNs (positive feedback) and inhibits promotor MNs. During reciprocal motor output of promotor and remotor MNs, reflexes mediated by the TCMRO are modulated in a phase-dependent manner. The TCMRO excites promotor MNs during their active phases (negative feedback) but inhibits them during their reciprocal phases. Remotor MNs are excited by the TCMRO during their active phases (positive feedback). It is proposed that depolarizing central inputs that occur in the S and T fibers at opposite phases of the motor output cycle (21) facilitate the output effects of each afferent in alternation, effectively mediating a phase-dependent shift between the effects of one afferent and the other. The implications of central modulation of reflex pathways and the possible functions of positive and negative feedback reflexes during locomotion are discussed.

PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL-EVALUATIVE ANXIETIES ASSOCIATED WITH RATING DISCOMFORT IN ANTICIPATED POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK CONDITIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sawyer ◽  
Lisa A. Hollis-Sawyer ◽  
Amanda Pokryfke
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Feedback Condition ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between select personality dimensions, social-evaluative anxieties, and rating discomfort. Undergraduate students were told they would be giving test performance feedback to a confederate and were instructed on how to give this feedback, to some degree, based on condition. Correlation and regression analyses revealed some interesting patterns. Neuroticism was found to be significantly related to feelings of discomfort only under the positive feedback condition, while extraversion was found to be significantly related to feelings of discomfort only under the negative feedback condition. A significant inverse relationship was also found between both agreeableness and conscientiousness levels, and in reaction to giving positive feedback. Additional findings and implications are discussed.

The principle of homeostasis in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system: new insight from positive feedback

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. R83-R98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peters ◽  
M. Conrad ◽  
C. Hubold ◽  
U. Schweiger ◽  
B. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Negative Feedback Loops ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback

Feedback control, both negative and positive, is a fundamental feature of biological systems. Some of these systems strive to achieve a state of equilibrium or “homeostasis”. The major endocrine systems are regulated by negative feedback, a process believed to maintain hormonal levels within a relatively narrow range. Positive feedback is often thought to have a destabilizing effect. Here, we present a “principle of homeostasis,” which makes use of both positive and negative feedback loops. To test the hypothesis that this homeostatic concept is valid for the regulation of cortisol, we assessed experimental data in humans with different conditions (gender, obesity, endocrine disorders, medication) and analyzed these data by a novel computational approach. We showed that all obtained data sets were in agreement with the presented concept of homeostasis in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. According to this concept, a homeostatic system can stabilize itself with the help of a positive feedback loop. The brain mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors—with their known characteristics—fulfill the key functions in the homeostatic concept: binding cortisol with high and low affinities, acting in opposing manners, and mediating feedback effects on cortisol. This study supports the interaction between positive and negative feedback loops in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system and in this way sheds new light on the function of dual receptor regulation. Current knowledge suggests that this principle of homeostasis could also apply to other biological systems.

scholarly journals Analysis and negative review in the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
P. Balakhonov ◽  
V Butyrskiy
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
The Law

The article provides an analysis of positive and negative feedback in the process of voca-tional education, from the point of view of the law of cybernetics about feedback. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the properties of positive feedback have training, and negative feedback – education.

scholarly journals Control Across Scales by Positive and Negative Feedback

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sepulchre ◽  
G. Drion ◽  
A. Franci
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Neuronal Signaling ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Network Scale ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Control Principle ◽  
Nodal Control

Feedback is a key element of regulation, as it shapes the sensitivity of a process to its environment. Positive feedback upregulates, and negative feedback downregulates. Many regulatory processes involve a mixture of both, whether in nature or in engineering. This article revisits the mixed-feedback paradigm, with the aim of investigating control across scales. We propose that mixed feedback regulates excitability and that excitability plays a central role in multiscale neuronal signaling. We analyze this role in a multiscale network architecture inspired by neurophysiology. The nodal behavior defines a mesoscale that connects actuation at the microscale to regulation at the macroscale. We show that mixed-feedback nodal control provides regulatory principles at the network scale, with a nodal resolution. In this sense, the mixed-feedback paradigm is a control principle across scales.

scholarly journals FEEDBACK’S EFFECT ON BUDGETARY SLACK AND SELF-EFFICACY AS MODERATION VARIABLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryani Rahmawati ◽  
◽  
Supriyadi , ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback

This study aimed to examine the effect of positive and negative feedback on budgetary slack and the interaction between feedback and self-efficacy on budgetary slack under a condition of information asymmetry. Preliminary researches have tested various ways of mitigating budgetary slack practices, which did not separate the effects of positive and negative feedback. This study hypothesized that positive feedback minimizes the potential for budgetary slack under conditions of information asymmetry—and vice versa. Additionally, high self-efficacy reinforces positive feedback in reducing budgetary slack under conditions of information asymmetry—and vice versa. By employing experimental data, this study documented the results that positive feedback significantly minimizes (the potential for budgetary slacking under conditions of information asymmetry—and vice versa. However, there is no difference in the average budget slack on managers with high or low self-efficacy, who get positive feedback.

scholarly journals Alternating Positive and Negative Feedback Control Model Based on Catastrophe Theories

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 2878
Author(s):  
Wenkai Huang ◽  
Fobao Zhou ◽  
Tao Zou ◽  
Puwei Lu ◽  
Yihao Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Lyapunov Stability Theory ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Negative Feedback Control

In automatic control systems, negative feedback control has the advantage of maintaining a steady state, while positive feedback control can enhance some activities of the control system. How to design a controller with both control modes is an interesting and challenging problem. Motivated by it, on the basis idea of catastrophe theories, taking positive feedback and negative feedback as two different states of the system, an adaptive alternating positive and negative feedback (APNF) control model with the advantages of two states is proposed. By adaptively adjusting the relevant parameters of the constructed symmetric catastrophe function and the learning rule based on error and forward weight, the two states can be switched in the form of catastrophe. Through the Lyapunov stability theory, the convergence of the proposed adaptive APNF control model is proven, which indicates that system convergence can be guaranteed by selecting appropriate parameters. Moreover, we present theoretical proof that the negative feedback system with negative parameters can be equivalent to the positive feedback system with positive parameters. Finally, the results of the simulation example show that APNF control has satisfactory performance in response speed and overshoot.

scholarly journals Overlaid positive and negative feedback loops shape dynamical properties of PhoPQ two-component system

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e1008130
Author(s):  
Satyajit D Rao ◽  
Oleg A Igoshin
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Negative Feedback Loops ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Dynamical Properties

Bacteria use two-component systems (TCSs) to sense environmental conditions and change gene expression in response to those conditions. To amplify cellular responses, many bacterial TCSs are under positive feedback control, i.e. increase their expression when activated. Escherichia coli Mg2+ -sensing TCS, PhoPQ, in addition to the positive feedback, includes a negative feedback loop via the upregulation of the MgrB protein that inhibits PhoQ. How the interplay of these feedback loops shapes steady-state and dynamical responses of PhoPQ TCS to change in Mg2+ remains poorly understood. In particular, how the presence of MgrB feedback affects the robustness of PhoPQ response to overexpression of TCS is unclear. It is also unclear why the steady-state response to decreasing Mg2+ is biphasic, i.e. plateaus over a range of Mg2+ concentrations, and then increases again at growth-limiting Mg2+. In this study, we use mathematical modeling to identify potential mechanisms behind these experimentally observed dynamical properties. The results make experimentally testable predictions for the regime with response robustness and propose a novel explanation of biphasic response constraining the mechanisms for modulation of PhoQ activity by Mg2+ and MgrB. Finally, we show how the interplay of positive and negative feedback loops affects the network’s steady-state sensitivity and response dynamics. In the absence of MgrB feedback, the model predicts oscillations thereby suggesting a general mechanism of oscillatory or pulsatile dynamics in autoregulated TCSs. These results improve the understanding of TCS signaling and other networks with overlaid positive and negative feedback.

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