Still Making Music: How Students with Traumatic Brain Injury Can Continue with Musical Activities

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in the United States. All age groups are at risk for TBI, but there is a larger occurrence among school-age children and young adults. No matter the severity of a student’s injury, he or she can benefit from music education, whether listening to music, singing, or performing on an instrument. Students can engage in music listening assignments that include selected pieces of music or music that an ensemble is currently rehearsing. For students with mild TBI who are able, performing music has also been shown to be beneficial.

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Pinworms

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.16.7.247 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 247-247

Author(s):

Howard Sonnenblick

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Perianal Region ◽

Enterobius Vermicularis ◽

Intestinal Nematode ◽

Gravid Females ◽

Close Contacts

Enterobius vermicularis, more commonly known as pinworm, is the most common intestinal nematode in the United States, affecting 5% to 15% of the population. Although infection may appear in all age groups and socioeconomic levels, it is most prevalent in preschool and school-age children. Typically, embryonated eggs are ingested and migrate to the duodenum where they hatch and undergo sexual maturation before reaching the cecum. Adult pinworms reside in the cecum, emerge at night through the anus, and migrate to the perianal region where gravid females deposit their eggs and die. The eggs cause anal pruritis, which leads to scratching and accumulation under the fingernails, thereby promoting auto-infection and spread to close contacts.

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Pediatric Head Injuries and Deaths From Bicycling in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.98.5.868 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 868-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel M. Sosin ◽

Jeffrey J. Sacks ◽

Kevin W. Webb

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Head Injury ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Injury Surveillance System ◽

Bicycle Helmets

Objective. To estimate the potential benefit of increasing bicycle helmet use among children and adolescents in the United States. Design. All bicycle-related deaths (Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use Data Tapes, 1989 through 1992) and bicycle-related injuries treated in sampled emergency departments (National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, 1989 through 1993) were used to calculate traumatic brain injury-associated death and head injury rates per 1 000 000 US residents. Preventable injuries and deaths were estimated by calculating the populationattributable risk of head injury due to nonuse of bicycle helmets. Patients. US residents aged 0 through 19 years who were injured or who died as a result of a bicycle crash. Results. An average of 247 traumatic brain injury deaths and 140 000 head injuries among children and adolescents younger than 20 years were related to bicycle crashes each year in the United States. As many as 184 deaths and 116 000 head injuries might have been prevented annually if these riders had worn helmets. An additional 19 000 mouth and chin injuries were treated each year. The youngest age groups had the highest proportions of both head and mouth injuries. Conclusion. There continues to be a need to advocate for greater use of bicycle helmets, particularly among young children. Helmet design changes should be considered to prevent mouth injuries.

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The Speech-Language Pathologists' Role in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Middle and High School–Age Children: Viewpoints on Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-18-0296 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 1363-1370 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jessica Brown ◽

Katy O'Brien ◽

Kelly Knollman-Porter ◽

Tracey Wallace

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Disease Control ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Centers For Disease Control

Purpose The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines for rehabilitation professionals regarding the care of children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Given that mTBI impacts millions of children each year and can be particularly detrimental to children in middle and high school age groups, access to universal recommendations for management of postinjury symptoms is ideal. Method This viewpoint article examines the CDC guidelines and applies these recommendations directly to speech-language pathology practices. In particular, education, assessment, treatment, team management, and ongoing monitoring are discussed. In addition, suggested timelines regarding implementation of services by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are provided. Specific focus is placed on adolescents (i.e., middle and high school–age children). Results SLPs are critical members of the rehabilitation team working with children with mTBI and should be involved in education, symptom monitoring, and assessment early in the recovery process. SLPs can also provide unique insight into the cognitive and linguistic challenges of these students and can serve to bridge the gap among rehabilitation and school-based professionals, the adolescent with brain injury, and their parents. Conclusion The guidelines provided by the CDC, along with evidence from the field of speech pathology, can guide SLPs to advocate for involvement in the care of adolescents with mTBI. More research is needed to enhance the evidence base for direct assessment and treatment with this population; however, SLPs can use their extensive knowledge and experience working with individuals with traumatic brain injury as a starting point for post-mTBI care.

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Adult sports-related traumatic brain injury in United States trauma centers

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2016.1.focus15613 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. E4 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ethan A. Winkler ◽

John K. Yue ◽

John F. Burke ◽

Andrew K. Chan ◽

Sanjay S. Dhall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Health Concern ◽

Medical Complications ◽

Equestrian Sports ◽

Prolonged Hospital

OBJECTIVE Sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health concern estimated to affect 300,000 to 3.8 million people annually in the United States. Although injuries to professional athletes dominate the media, this group represents only a small proportion of the overall population. Here, the authors characterize the demographics of sports-related TBI in adults from a community-based trauma population and identify predictors of prolonged hospitalization and increased morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS Utilizing the National Sample Program of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), the authors retrospectively analyzed sports-related TBI data from adults (age ≥ 18 years) across 5 sporting categories—fall or interpersonal contact (FIC), roller sports, skiing/snowboarding, equestrian sports, and aquatic sports. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify predictors of prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS), medical complications, inpatient mortality rates, and hospital discharge disposition. Statistical significance was assessed at α < 0.05, and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied for each outcome analysis. RESULTS From 2003 to 2012, in total, 4788 adult sports-related TBIs were documented in the NTDB, which represented 18,310 incidents nationally. Equestrian sports were the greatest contributors to sports-related TBI (45.2%). Mild TBI represented nearly 86% of injuries overall. Mean (± SEM) LOSs in the hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) were 4.25 ± 0.09 days and 1.60 ± 0.06 days, respectively. The mortality rate was 3.0% across all patients, but was statistically higher in TBI from roller sports (4.1%) and aquatic sports (7.7%). Age, hypotension on admission to the emergency department (ED), and the severity of head and extracranial injuries were statistically significant predictors of prolonged hospital and ICU LOSs, medical complications, failure to discharge to home, and death. Traumatic brain injury during aquatic sports was similarly associated with prolonged ICU and hospital LOSs, medical complications, and failure to be discharged to home. CONCLUSIONS Age, hypotension on ED admission, severity of head and extracranial injuries, and sports mechanism of injury are important prognostic variables in adult sports-related TBI. Increasing TBI awareness and helmet use—particularly in equestrian and roller sports—are critical elements for decreasing sports-related TBI events in adults.

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