scholarly journals Member Influence and Involvement in Civil Society Organizations: A Resource Dependency Perspective on Groups and Parties

2020 ◽  
pp. 003232172096801
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer ◽  
Patricia Correa
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Member Involvement ◽  
Positive Effect

Which membership-based voluntary organizations constitutive of civil society such as parties, interest groups or service-oriented organizations keep their members active and which forms of activism do they cultivate? This article addresses this important question distinguishing two forms of ‘member activism’: ‘member involvement’, defined as members working for an organization, and ‘member influence’, defined as members’ participation in intra-organizational decision-making. Building on incentive-theoretical approaches to leader–member relations and resource dependency theory, we present a theoretical framework specifying distinct drivers of each form of member activism, which is tested using new data from four organization surveys conducted in four most different European democracies. None of the theorized factors has the same robust effect on both involvement and influence. Most notably, professionalization – reliance on paid staff – has a positive effect on involvement and a negative one on influence, stressing the need to distinguish carefully the different roles members play in civil society organizations.

scholarly journals Self-maintenance vs. goal attainment: drivers of mortality anxiety in organized civil society

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer ◽  
Patricia Correa
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Organizational Infrastructure ◽  
Voluntary Membership ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Uk

AbstractWhen do membership-based civil society organizations such as interest groups, political parties or service-oriented organizations consider their existence under threat? Distinguishing pressures of organizational self-maintenance from functional pressures of goal attainment, which all voluntary membership organizations – irrespective of their political or societal functions - need to reconcile, we propose a framework theorizing distinct categories of drivers of mortality anxiety in organized civil society. To test our hypotheses, we apply ordered logistic regression analysis to new data covering regionally and nationally active interest groups, service-oriented organizations and parties in Germany, Norway, Switzerland and the UK. We find that factors enhancing intraorganizational resilience thereby facilitating self-maintenance as well as exposure to different representation challenges complicating goal attainment have significant effects on mortality anxiety experienced by interest groups, political parties and service-oriented organizations alike – the former reducing, the latter enhancing it. Stressing the importance of a stable, durable organizational infrastructure with loyal and involved members to operate in increasingly volatile and diverse environments, our findings highlight the on-going importance of ‘traditional’ (sometimes considered ‘outdated’) organization-building.

scholarly journals Interview with Stefano Zamagni: The Italian Third Sector

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bassi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Productive Function ◽  
Social Advancement ◽  
The Third Sector

In Italy, the third sector includes six main sets of civil society organizations: Voluntary organizations, social cooperatives, NGO, associations of social advancement, foundations, and social enterprises. Typical of the Italian third sector is recognition of the dual nature of its organizatons: those performing a redistributive function and those performing a productive function.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Karakteristik Direksi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-255
Author(s):  
Audrey Winona Aprilia ◽  
Renita Febriany ◽  
Luciana Haryono ◽  
Nany Chandra Marsetio
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Stewardship Theory ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Ceo Tenure ◽  
Foreign Directors ◽  
Positive Effect

Directors are human resources who play an important role in maintaining the long-term sustainability of the company's business. Thus, this study aims to determine board size, CEO tenure, and foreign director on company performance in the non-financial industry on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2018 with multiple linear regression analysis using 1,764 sample data from 294 companies. Contributions in this study using resource dependency theory, stewardship theory and foreign directors variables as indicators of independence. The results of the study board size have a significant positive effect on company performance, with an optimal number of 4-9 people because it can provide diverse perspectives and ideas in decision making. CEO tenure  does not affect ROA and ROE because the president director tends to reject and avoid risks and company's performance is influenced by all directors, not just the president director. Foreign directors have a significant positive effect on ROA with an optimal percentage of 26-50% because they provide different perspectives on decision making, but does not affect ROE with 51-75% of the optimal amount because does not have large influence to influence decisions in improving company performance. Keywords:  Director’s Characteristics, Firm Performance, Resource Dependency Theory, Stewardship Theory.

Civil Society

2020 ◽  
pp. 350-365
Author(s):  
Asteris Huliaras
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Cultural Shifts

In the post-1974 era Greek society suffered from low levels of civic engagement, associational density, and volunteering. Non-governmental and civil society organizations were relatively few and poorly organized, relying mostly on state and European Union funds. This, in turn, compromised their autonomy and diminished their capacity to act as a check on state power. However, Greek civil society has been changing since the early 1990s. Several new NGOs have appeared, focusing mainly on environmental issues, their activities have been strengthened and widened, and people have been devoting more time and money to social activism. There are several reasons that explain this development: apart from wider cultural shifts, an important factor has been that political parties have loosened their grip on the associational sphere, leaving more space for voluntary organizations. The change of stance of a significant part of the Greek Left, which previously regarded NGOs with suspicion, was crucial. The receding welfare state in the last decade encouraged civic engagement and mobilized citizens. The number of volunteers increased, new organizations were formed, and older ones became more active in providing social services to impoverished Greeks and migrants. Importantly, the new forms of activism and engagement that are on the rise are not linked to the state. The crisis seems to have strengthened Greek civil society: the dependency on EU and state funds of previous years that had constrained NGO independence and autonomy may at last have started to wane.

Civil Society Organizations in Knowledge Society

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqib Saeed ◽  
Markus Rohde ◽  
Volker Wulf
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Research Plan

The notion of a knowledge society demands equal access of knowledge for every stakeholder in the society. Modern information and communication technologies play a significant role in accessing and storing knowledge, which is a vital enabler for fostering knowledge society paradigm. Voluntary organizations represent an important part of society which differs from traditional business and governmental organizations in terms of structure, working methodologies, and decision making. In this paper the authors investigate the Pakistani civil society sector to analyze the involvement of technology in their work settings. The findings suggest that lack of technological and financial resources hinder voluntary organizations in this region to adopt innovative technological solutions, so there is need for supporting the appropriation of technology in this sector. On the basis of the authors’ findings they propose a research plan to follow for the uplift of Pakistani NGOs and their use of ICTs. This research framework can be extended to NGO sectors of other parts of the world in an effort to generalize the findings worldwide to better support the technology needs of this community.

The State and Civil Society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Voluntary Membership

State regulation of civil society organizations such as interest groups, parties, and public benefit organizations is expanding yet widely contested, often portrayed as illegitimate intrusion. Despite ongoing debates about the nature of state–voluntary relations in various social science disciplines, we know surprisingly little about why long-lived democracies adopt more or less constraining legal approaches in this sphere. Drawing on insights from political science, sociology, and comparative law as well as public administration research, this book addresses this important question, conceptually, theoretically, and empirically. It addresses the conceptual and methodological challenges related to developing systematic, comparative insights into the nature of complex legal environments affecting voluntary membership organizations, by simultaneously covering a wide range of democracies and the regulation applicable to different types of voluntary organizations. Proposing the analytical tools to tackle those challenges, it studies in depth the intertwined and overlapping legal environments of political parties, interest groups, and public benefit organizations across nineteen long-lived democracies. After presenting an innovative interdisciplinary theoretical framework theorizing democratic states’ legal disposition or disinclination to regulate voluntary membership organizations in a constraining or permissive fashion, this framework is empirically tested. Applying Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), the comparative analysis identifies three main ‘paths’ accounting for the relative constraints in the legal environments democracies have created for organized civil society, defined by different configurations of political systems’ democratic history, their legal family, and voluntary sector traditions. Providing the foundation for a mixed-methods design, three ideal-typical representatives of each path—Sweden, the UK, and France—are selected for the in-depth study of these legal environments’ long-term evolution, to capture reform dynamics and their drivers that have shaped group and party regulation over many decades.

scholarly journals Islam, Civil Society, and Social Work

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Hilman Latief
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Civic Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Horizontal Networks

The practice of charity, which is commonly voluntary by definition, is embeddedwithin religious institutions or communities to support their vision ofsocial welfare. In this book, Egbert Harmsen underlines some improvements,advantages, and weaknesses as well as varieties of the roles played byMuslim-based voluntary organizations in the Middle East in general, and inJordan in particular. He reexamines whether such civic values as voluntary,autonomous, egalitarian, community-based initiatives, self-reliance, and independenceunder which civil society organizations developed can impact Muslimsociety on a larger scope.The author reassesses previous research findings, particularly thosepresented by such observers as Janine Clark and Sami Zubaida. Clark’sobservation of (horizontal) networks embedded among middle-classMuslims reveal that the lower class (the poor) does not benefit very muchfrom the existing social institutions. Meanwhile, Zubaida’s scrutiny of the(vertical) relation between Muslim associations and their needy clientsshows that the resulting relationships are generally paternalistic. In responseto Clark’s argument, Harmsen points out that while the social institutionsset up by the middle class do serve middle-class families, they by no means ...

Estimation of welfare costs of inflation: The case of Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Drobyshevskiy ◽  
Natalia V. Makeeva ◽  
Elena V. Sinelnikova-Muryleva ◽  
Pavel V. Trunin
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Welfare Costs ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper is devoted to the estimation of welfare costs of inflation, taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian economy. Theoretical approaches that are used in the literature to analyze the costs of inflation are discussed in the paper. It also provides an overview of the empirical studies of this topic. Research found in academic literature shows that the results of quantitative estimates are extremely sensitive to the choice of the functional form of the money demand equation, as well as to assumptions that are made to simplify the analysis, some of which do not fit Russian data. As a result, we have modified the standard approaches to estimating welfare costs of inflation, taking into account the monetization growth in Russia, and provide quantitative estimates of the magnitude of welfare costs of inflation. The results indicate a significant gain for economic agents in terms of real GDP with a decrease in inflation, which is regarded as a positive effect from the inflation targeting policy.

The elimination of violence and terrorism in Iraq strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Mona Ali Duaij ◽  
Ahlam Ahmed Issa
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Terrorist Organization ◽  
The Media ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Religious Aspect

All the Iraqi state institutions and civil society organizations should develop a deliberate systematic policy to eliminate terrorism contracted with all parts of the economic, social, civil and political institutions and important question how to eliminate Daash to a terrorist organization hostile and if he country to eliminate the causes of crime and punish criminals and not to justify any type of crime of any kind, because if we stayed in the curriculum of justifying legitimate crime will deepen our continued terrorism, but give it legitimacy formula must also dry up the sources of terrorism media and private channels and newspapers that have abused the Holy Prophet Muhammad (p) and all kinds of any of their source (a sheei or a Sunni or Christians or Sabians) as well as from the religious aspect is not only the media but a meeting there must be cooperation of both parts of the state facilities and most importantly limiting arms possession only state you can not eliminate terrorism and violence, and we see people carrying arms without the name of the state and remains somewhat carefree is sincerity honesty and patriotism the most important motivation for the elimination of violence and terrorism and cooperation between parts of the Iraqi people and not be driven by a regional or global international schemes want to kill nations and kill our bodies of Sunnis, sheei , Christians, Sabean and Yazidi and others.

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