Incarcerated Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haeil Jung ◽  
Robert J. LaLonde
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Incarcerated Mothers ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
The Difference

This study investigates how motherhood and foster care records of their children influence women’s transitions into the labor market after incarceration. Our fixed effects models examine the relative progress of incarcerated mothers in earnings and employment after incarceration, accounting for the difference between mothers and women without children and controlling for time-constant individual characteristics. Our analysis indicates that incarcerated mothers make impressive progress in quarterly employment during the second and third year after incarceration. Most of these increases are from mothers whose children started, but did not resolve, foster care before incarceration.

What happens to young people who move to another country to find work?

2018 ◽  
pp. 389-418
Author(s):  
Mehtap Akgüç ◽  
Miroslav Beblavý
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Contract Type ◽  
And Gender

This chapter analyzes the labor market integration of South–North and East–West migrants, together with intra-European and non-European Union migrants, vis-à-vis native peers in main European destinations. The analysis considers individual characteristics and labor market outcomes by migrant origins. Labor market outcomes are estimated, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and for country-fixed and year effects. Using interaction effects, the chapter estimates whether the work-related outcomes of young migrants differ vis-à-vis native peers. The econometric analysis using pooled European Social Surveys (2002–2015) suggests that individual characteristics explain part of the migrant–native peer differences. Particularly, migrants from Eastern and Southern Europe exhibit important gaps vis-à-vis native peers regarding unemployment, contract type, and overqualification. Overall, migrant youth and women seem to be in vulnerable situations in destination labor markets. In addition to nondiscriminatory treatment, transparent competence screening and smooth skills transferability could alleviate such youth and gender vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Gender Imbalances and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Large-Scale Mexican Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Conover ◽  
Melanie Khamis ◽  
Sarah Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Female Ratio

Abstract We study the consequences of international migration on labor market outcomes in a developing country. Specifically, we look at the case of Mexico, where large-scale international migration has led to significant declines in the male/female ratio. We explore whether this results in Mexican women entering high-skilled and better paying jobs over time. This question is relevant since there has been an increase in women's education and labor force participation across the developing world, but less evidence of improvements in the gender wage gap. Using an instrumental variables strategy that relies on historical migration patterns, we find that when there are relatively fewer men, women are more likely to work, have high-skilled jobs, and some earn higher wages. These results are robust to the inclusion of state, age group, and year fixed effects, and to different measures of migration and data sources. We explore investments in human capital as a key mechanism. We find that the gains in schooling are concentrated among women with the same average level of education of the men who migrate. From an aggregate perspective, these improvements in job type and wages are important given that higher female income may benefit the status, education, and health of both women and children, which in turn increases a country's development and growth. Our findings are among the few that show some movement toward improvements in the gender wage gap in a developing country setting.

scholarly journals The Moderation of Obesity Penalty on Job Market Outcomes by Employment Efforts

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2974
Author(s):  
Rosemary Ahn ◽  
Tae Hyun Kim ◽  
Euna Han
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Job Training ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Dependent Variables

The current study explores the moderation of the relationship between obesity and labor market outcomes by direct employment efforts such as job hunting and job training of young adults. The study used data provided by the Korean Education and Employment Panel, a longitudinal data survey comprising middle and high school students from 2004 to 2015. Two dependent variables were assessed in this study: employment status and wage. The individual-level fixed effects were controlled. Despite having more direct employment efforts of either or both experience in job hunting and job training, compared to normal-weight counterparts, underweight men and overweight and obese women were reported to have a disadvantage in both dependent variables. Underweight men with job training experience were 12.02% less likely to be employed, while overweight and obese men had 6.80 times higher monthly wages when job training experience was accompanied compared to no such experience. For overweight and obese women, compared to that of their normal-weight counterparts, employment probability decreased by 4.78% per week-increase in job hunting, by 2.81% if any experience in job hunting. For underweight women, compared to that of their normal-weight counterparts, employment probability increased by 4.56 times per week-increase in job hunting and by 5.59 times if experience in job hunting, and by 6.96% if experience in job training. The results indicate that employment efforts do not fully moderate the presence of obesity penalty for labor market outcomes on those early in their careers.

Student Debt and Labor Market Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Eric Daniels ◽  
Andria Smythe
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Student Loan ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Student Debt ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

We study the impact of student debt on various labor market outcomes, namely, income, hourly wages, and hours worked. Using the NLSY97 and a difference-indifference approach, we find statistically significant differences in labor market outcomes for individuals who received a student loan versus those who received no student loan. We find that the difference in post- versus pre-college income is 8-9 percent higher for individuals that received a student loan relative to individuals who received no student loan. Further, we find evidence that this higher income is due to higher work hours.

Weak Ties, Information, and Influence: How Workers Find Jobs in a Local Russian Labor Market

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Yakubovich
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
Strength Of Weak Ties ◽  
The Relationship

In 1973 Granovetter formulated the strength-of-weak-ties hypothesis (SWT), which became the foundation of a vast sociological literature on social networks in labor markets. Until now, SWT has never been directly tested but treated instead as a surrogate for the relationship between an actor's network and labor market outcomes such as characteristics of a job obtained. The paper restates SWT as a proposition about the probability of getting a job as a function of within-actor differences in tie strength and tests it with data on hires carried out in one Russian city in 1998. In support of SWT, the results show that a worker is more likely to get a job through one of her weak ties rather than strong ties. The advantages of weak ties lie in their abilities to provide timely access to non-redundant information and to influence employers directly. In contrast, strong ties are associated with indirect influence on employers through well-connected intermediaries. The estimates come from a within-worker fixed-effect conditional logistic regression and thereby provide rare evidence of an association between information and influence transferred through social ties and labor market outcomes, independent of workers' individual characteristics.

scholarly journals Sub-national union coverage and the youth's labor market outcomes: evidence from a national survey in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Ngoc Bach ◽  
Hung Ly Dai ◽  
Viet Hung Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Le
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
National Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Union Coverage ◽  
Wide Range

PurposeThis paper examines the effects of sub-national union coverage on the youth's labor market outcomes.Design/methodology/approachIn the context of the private business sector in Vietnam, this study link individual labor market data with union coverage at provincial level in the period 2013–2016 to investigate the effects of sub-national union coverage on the youth's labor market outcomes. Contingent on the outcome variable, we use the OLS and probit model that control for diverse individual characteristics, year- and industry-fixed effects, and particularly control for selection bias in the labor market.FindingsThe empirical results show that the union coverage is positively associated with a wide range of the youth's labor market outcomes, including employment status, wage rate, work hour, and job formality. Also, the coverage is complementary to individual labor contract in determining the youth's wage rate.Originality/valueThis study provides an in-depth study on the interplay between trade union and the youth's labor market outcomes that contributes to the literature of labor market institutions and youth employment policies in a dynamic transitional economy of Vietnam.

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