scholarly journals Neighbourhoods, networks and unemployment: The role of neighbourhood disadvantage and local networks in taking up work

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802092537
Author(s):  
Leen Vandecasteele ◽  
Anette Eva Fasang
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Neighbourhood Effects ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Administrative Information ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhood ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Employment Data

We bring together research on social networks and neighbourhood disadvantage to examine how they jointly affect unemployed individuals’ probability of re-entering employment. Data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study ‘Understanding Society’ provide information on the proportion of friends who live in the same neighbourhood, and are linked with small-scale administrative information on neighborhood employment deprivation. Results indicate that neighbourhood employment deprivation prolongs unemployment, but only for individuals who report that all of their friends live in the same neighbourhood. Living in an advantaged neighbourhood with all of one’s friends in the neighbourhood increases the chances of exiting unemployment. In contrast, neighbourhood location is not associated with unemployment exit if one’s friends do not live in the same neighbourhood. We conclude that neighbourhood effects on exiting unemployment critically depend on individuals’ social embeddedness in the neighbourhood. Not just residing in a disadvantaged neighbourhood, but actually living there with all one’s friends, prevents individuals from re-entering employment. This opens new avenues for theorising neighbourhood effects as social rather than geographic phenomena, and highlights that the effects of neighbourhood socio-economic characteristics are conditional on the level of interaction residents have within their neighbourhood.

scholarly journals Solidarity with disabled people in times of crisis: A comparative analysis of Italy and the UK

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092199450
Author(s):  
Nicola Maggini ◽  
Tom Montgomery ◽  
Simone Baglioni
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Piety ◽  
Active Nature ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk

Against the background of crisis and cuts, citizens can express solidarity with groups in various ways. Using novel survey data this article explores the attitudes and behaviours of citizens in their expressions of solidarity with disabled people and in doing so illuminates the differences and similarities across two European contexts: Italy and the UK. The findings reveal pools of solidarity with disabled people across both countries that have on the one hand similar foundations such as the social embeddedness and social trust of citizens, while on the other hand contain some differences, such as the more direct and active nature of solidarity in Italy compared to the UK and the role of religiosity as an important determinant, particularly in Italy. Across both countries the role of ‘deservingness’ was key to understanding solidarity, and the study’s conclusions raise questions about a solidarity embedded by a degree of paternalism and even religious piety.

scholarly journals Tacit networks, crucial care: Informal networks and disaster response in Nepal’s 2015 Gorkha earthquake

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Carrero ◽  
Michele Acuto ◽  
Asaf Tzachor ◽  
Niraj Subedi ◽  
Ben Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Informal Social Networks

It is often reiterated that a better understanding of local networks and needs is key to risk reduction. Nevertheless, the crucial role of informal social networks and actors in the catering for human needs in disaster circumstances remains largely under-explored. If we have to rethink the ‘work’ that informality does for our understanding of urban areas, its contribution to resilience, and take it seriously in the ‘full spectrum of risk’ in urban and peri-urban centres, better and more balanced methods are needed. This paper attends to this gap. Examining the mechanisms of aid provision in the aftermath of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal, it details an experimental set of quantitative research methods to explore the role of informal social networks in the provision of critical human needs in natural disasters. Relying on a sample of 160 households across four districts and 16 villages in the built environment affected by the Gorkha earthquake, the paper reveals that, overall, a wide disparity exists in the comparative importance of organisations in the provision of aid and resources. Much crucial after-disaster care is catered for by a mix of relatives, temples, friends, neighbours and local clubs. It highlights the importance of informal networks in understanding, and theorising, governance (of disaster and of the ‘urban’ more in general), and calls for greater attention to its role. It is time, it argues, to revalue informal disaster governance networks as a crucial, not tacit, component of disaster response.

scholarly journals NETWORKED ECONOMIC VALUE CREATION IN EVENT TOURISM, AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF TOWNS AND SMALLER CITIES IN THE UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Norman ◽  
Nana Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Event Tourism ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Survey Responses

This study explores the role of networks in generating economic value for event tourism in towns and smaller cities in the UK. While networks have been shown to create a wide range of value, research in this context is limited and little is understood of if or how economic value is generated. The lens used in this study was the value creating side of the business model canvas with local government organisations as the focal node examining the flow of economic value from partners, activities and resources. There were survey responses from 112 different town and city organisations across the UK. The study found that only the ‘activities’ element of the network contributed significantly to creating economic value in an event tourism context. The network components of ‘partners’ and ‘resources’ were not on their own significant to the creation of economic value. The outcomes of this paper suggest that practitioners in towns and cities should strategise their engagement with local networks through a formal event tourism strategy that clearly defines how they operationalise engagement activities within that network in order the facilitate economic value creation. In addition, the paper raises questions around what resources are needed at the focal node (local government organisations) in order to maximise the economic value created by the network.

Innovation Framing, Regulation, and User Adaptation Online

2019 ◽  
pp. 240-267
Author(s):  
Kate Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
User Adaptation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rule Making

Chapter 8 explores the role of regulation in shaping the interface between online and land-based bingo. It locates discussion of online bingo within debates about whether regulation by code is replacing the rule of law, and whether virtual life undermines sociality and community, including through its role in monetizing social networks and exploiting users’ participation. The chapter also seeks to add an online component to existing accounts of place competition and gambling—focused mostly on casino resorts—by showing that the where of play remained a crucial element of the UK debate about online gambling. The remainder of the chapter narrows the focus to online bingo regulation, to better flesh out the distinctive lessons it holds for a study of rule-making, game standardization, and technology. It outlines the current regulatory system for online bingo, before turning to the role of users (workers, players, and land-based bingo operators seeking an online presence) in game adaptation. The chapter shows that the agency of workers and players to adapt products and practices varies significantly between online and offline forms of bingo. Because workers have limited connection to players in online bingo games, and the infrastructures upon which the bingo relies allow for so little user adaptation, the capacity to ‘re-playify’ the game is far more restricted, and the designers of the technology have significantly more power. Moreover, software providers are able to capture far more profit from instrumentalizing players’ social ties than is possible for land-based operators. The chapter concludes with a call to revisit the enthusiasm for straightforwardly pluralistic approaches to categorization and definition.

scholarly journals Chinese entrepreneurs and workers at the crossroad: the role of social networks in ethnic industrial clusters in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Biggeri ◽  
Lisa Braito ◽  
Annalisa Caloffi ◽  
Huanhuai Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Entrepreneurs ◽  
Worker Exploitation ◽  
Chinese Worker

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the evolution of Chinese industrial ethnic clusters in Italy, by focusing on the role of social networks and the processes behind the phenomenon of Chinese worker exploitation and entrepreneur “self-exploitation”.Design/methodology/approachThe case study is a sub-cluster of micro and small enterprises owned by Chinese entrepreneurs within the leather industrial district of Florence, Italy. This research adopts the following mixed methods: a small-scale survey to capture the characteristics of the sub-cluster and a social network analysis to describe cluster evolution, complemented by life-course interviews conducted with key informants and entrepreneurs.FindingsMigrant social capital and social networks play a central role in the evolution of the case study sub-cluster. Social networks play a supportive role in migration, job creation, entrepreneurship formation and the creation of business opportunities. Simultaneously, they enhance the phenomenon of worker exploitation and entrepreneur self-exploitation. Furthermore, the more the business community grows, the more the economic performance of ethnic enterprises depends on agglomeration forces produced by the cluster.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest a series of potential policies to upgrade the ethnic enterprises' capacities, to increase their formality and inclusion in the Italian social and economic systems and sub-cluster.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to examine the evolution of social networks in relation to the phenomenon of Chinese worker exploitation and entrepreneur self-exploitation in an ethnic industrial sub-cluster.

UK Revenue Service Best Practices for Fighting Tax Evasion

Auditor ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
E. Gribina ◽  
E. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
The Uk

Th e authors analyze the UK experience of the tax service, the tools used to combat tax evasion, and some of the trends that have been identifi ed. In particular, the role of specialized computer systems and social networks is noted as one of the main sources for fi nding the necessary information. Attention is also drawn to the tightening of the policy of the tax department and legislation in the fi eld of combating tax crimes.

scholarly journals The role of social networks in the inclusion of small-scale producers in agri-food developing clusters

Food Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias Ramirez ◽  
Paloma Bernal ◽  
Ian Clarke ◽  
Ivan Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Small Scale
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