Who Will Become Productive Adults? Longitudinal Patterns of Gainful Activities Among Serious Adolescent Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2199638
Author(s):  
JoAnn S. Lee ◽  
Faye S. Taxman ◽  
Edward P. Mulvey ◽  
Carol A. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Longitudinal Patterns ◽  
Institutional Placement ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Youth Behaviors

The juvenile justice system is charged with the welfare of the children it serves, yet less is known about the prosocial behaviors of adolescent youthful offenders. This study identifies patterns of prosocial behavior for 7 years among serious adolescent offenders, the correlates of each pattern, and associated patterns of secure placement. Using 7 years of monthly data from the Pathways to Desistance Study ( N = 1,354), we used group-based trajectory models to identify longitudinal patterns of positive youth behaviors related to school and work among serious adolescent offenders and a joint trajectory model to assess the relationship between trajectories of institutional placement and positive youth behaviors. Four groups were identified that demonstrated a high, low, medium, and dips-then-rises likelihood of gainful activities throughout the study period. Gainful activities were negatively associated with risk for delinquency across multiple domains. Juvenile justice interventions should consider prosocial promise in addition to risk for delinquency.

Longitudinal Patterns of Secure Institutional Placement Among Serious Adolescent Offenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnn S. Lee ◽  
Faye S. Taxman ◽  
Edward P. Mulvey ◽  
Carol A. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Longitudinal Patterns ◽  
Trajectory Modeling ◽  
Institutional Placement ◽  
Extralegal Factors ◽  
Calendar Data ◽  
Pathways To Desistance

This study identifies longitudinal patterns of institutional placement to understand experiences in the juvenile justice system. We used monthly calendar data from the Pathways to Desistance study ( N = 1,354), which focuses on understanding how serious adolescent offenders desist from antisocial activity. Youth between 14 and 18 years of age were followed for 7 years. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify longitudinal patterns of institutional placement. We also examined bivariate and multivariate associations between our identified groups and demographic, legal, and extralegal factors. We chose the 4-group solution, which reflected a pattern of steady time in the community (33.3%), and three patterns of youth spending varying (22.5%), declining (24.4%), and steady high (18.8%) time in placement. Significant differences between groups suggest that youth from the most disadvantaged contexts and those who were most likely to have trouble in school and live in disorganized neighborhoods spent the most time in placement.

Identity Distress, Parental Response, and Problem Behaviors in Juvenile Justice-Involved Boys

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482096888
Author(s):  
Baptiste Barbot ◽  
Sascha Hein
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Parental Response ◽  
Externalizing Problem ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multiple Problem Behaviors ◽  
Youth Problem Behaviors

Youth involved with the juvenile justice system are not exempt from experiencing identity-related turmoil that is common during adolescence. Parents’ responses may exacerbate or mitigate this turmoil and, in turn, youth problem behaviors. Thus, this study investigated identity distress as a mediator of the relationship between parental response to adolescents’ distress and their problem behaviors among 113 detained males aged 12 to 18 ( Mage = 15.3, SD = 1.44) in Connecticut, USA. Participants completed measures of identity distress, parental response to their developmental distress, and multiple problem behaviors. A latent mediation model indicated that a supportive parental response was directly associated with decreased problem behaviors, whereas an avoidant parental response was indirectly associated with increased problem behaviors through increased identity distress. Developmentally salient identity-related distress of juveniles and the corresponding response of their parents are important to consider in understanding youth externalizing problem behaviors within the juvenile justice system.

Why Do Juvenile Justice Teachers Enter the Profession?

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
David E. Houchins ◽  
Margaret E. Shippen ◽  
James Raymond Schwab ◽  
Brandi Ansely
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Academic Behavior ◽  
Quality Teachers ◽  
Teacher Demographics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Appropriate Education

Providing students who are involved in the juvenile justice system with an appropriate education has the potential to improve their academic, behavior, and post-school outcomes. Giving these students access to quality teachers is an important and necessary component of the educational process. The purposes of this study were to identify the initial reasons juvenile justice teachers entered their profession, examine the relationship between those reasons and their job satisfaction, and explore how teacher demographics influenced their profession selection. In total, 486 ( n = 486) juvenile justice teachers across three states participated in the study. Results suggest that a majority of the teachers entered the field for both personal reasons and better employment opportunities, with the latter being more important to them. In addition, where teachers work influences how satisfied they are with their job. Teachers in short-term facilities were more satisfied as compared with those in long-term facilities. Findings are discussed in relationship to recruiting and retaining juvenile justice teachers.

scholarly journals Justice for All: Trauma and the Need for Safety and Fairness Within Juvenile Justice Facilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Maya J. W. M. Lujan ◽  
Amanda M. Fanniff
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Institutional Misconduct ◽  
Perceptions Of Fairness ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Pathways To Desistance

Many adolescents in the juvenile justice system have been exposed to trauma, which has been linked with negative outcomes that may lead to ineffective adjustment while incarcerated. Trauma may decrease a youth’s feelings of fairness and safety, which may increase misconduct. The present study examined the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, perceptions of fairness and safety, and rates of institutional misconduct in a subsample of youth ( n = 386) who participated in the Pathways to Desistance study. A serial multiple mediation model found that PTSD symptoms were not significantly associated with perceptions of fairness, safety, or institutional misconduct. Relationships were found between perceptions of fairness and safety, and between perceptions of safety and institutional misconduct. Results also indicated differences in perceptions of fairness and safety based on gender, age, and ethnicity. Perceptions of fairness and safety may be an avenue for intervention to improve adjustment within the juvenile justice system.

Girls' Crime and Woman's Place: Toward a Feminist Model of Female Delinquency

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meda Chesney-Lind
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Female Delinquency ◽  
Women's Oppression ◽  
The Relationship

This article argues that existing delinquency theories are fundamentally inadequate to the task of explaining female delinquency and official reactions to girls' deviance. To establish this, the article first reviews the degree of the androcentric bias in the major theories of delinquent behavior. Then the need for a feminist model of female delinquency is explored by reviewing the available evidence on girls' offending. This review shows that the extensive focus on disadvantaged males in public settings has meant that girls' victimization and the relationship between that experience and girls' crime has been systematically ignored. Also missed has been the central role played by the juvenile justice system in the sexualization of female delinquency and the criminalization of girls' survival strategies. Finally, it will be suggested that the official actions of the juvenile justice system should be understood as major forces in women's oppression as they have historically served to reinforce the obedience of all young women to the demands of patriarchal authority no matter how abusive and arbitrary.

Perceived Gun Access and Gun Carrying Among Male Adolescent Offenders

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Keil ◽  
Jordan Beardslee ◽  
Carol Schubert ◽  
Edward Mulvey ◽  
Dustin Pardini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Gun Carrying ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Perceived Access ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Relationship

Gun violence takes a significant toll on adolescents in the United States, and there is a lack of longitudinal research on perceptual factors that drive gun carrying. Notably, there is no information on the relationship between perception of gun accessibility and gun carrying. Using data collected between 2000 and 2006 in the Pathways to Desistance Study, we examine the effects of perceived access to guns in a sample of adolescent offenders. A generalized estimating equations approach tested the effect of perceived gun access along with other known risk factors for gun carrying across time. Even after adjusting for these other risk factors, perceived gun access was significantly related to future carrying. Our findings support self-reported gun availability as a significant, population-based risk factor related to gun carrying in high-risk youth. Further research on how perceived access mediates the decision to carry guns would be valuable for formulating effective gun policy.

scholarly journals Adolescent Substance Use and Aggression

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Doran ◽  
Susan E. Luczak ◽  
Nicole Bekman ◽  
Igor Koutsenok ◽  
Sandra A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mental Health Systems ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Substance Involvement

Substance use disorders (SUDs) in youth are strongly associated with aggression, delinquency, and involvement with the juvenile justice and mental health systems. This article reviews the relationship between aggression and SUDs and discusses evidence-based approaches to assessment and intervention, with a focus on youth in secure settings. While evidence indicates etiological overlap, SUDs also confer risk for aggression and delinquent behavior. SUDs and aggression are each influenced by executive functions that develop as youth transition toward adult roles. Additionally, the effects of substance use on the adolescent brain impair neurocognitive function and increase the risk for aggression and further substance use. In terms of assessment, it is important to identify function and form of aggression in order to understand motives and associations with substance use and to select appropriate interventions. Evidence-based screening and assessment of aggression, substance involvement, and related domains is also critical. In terms of treatment, youth with SUDs tend to be underserved, particularly when they are also involved with the juvenile justice system. Multiple modes of evidence-based treatment for substance use are available. Approaches that address risk factors common to SUDs and aggression across multiple domains (e.g., family therapies) have been found to be most effective but may be difficult to adapt for use in secure settings. Individual therapy approaches also have empirical support and may generally be more practical in secure settings.

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