Perceived Gun Access and Gun Carrying Among Male Adolescent Offenders

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Keil ◽  
Jordan Beardslee ◽  
Carol Schubert ◽  
Edward Mulvey ◽  
Dustin Pardini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Gun Carrying ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Perceived Access ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Relationship

Gun violence takes a significant toll on adolescents in the United States, and there is a lack of longitudinal research on perceptual factors that drive gun carrying. Notably, there is no information on the relationship between perception of gun accessibility and gun carrying. Using data collected between 2000 and 2006 in the Pathways to Desistance Study, we examine the effects of perceived access to guns in a sample of adolescent offenders. A generalized estimating equations approach tested the effect of perceived gun access along with other known risk factors for gun carrying across time. Even after adjusting for these other risk factors, perceived gun access was significantly related to future carrying. Our findings support self-reported gun availability as a significant, population-based risk factor related to gun carrying in high-risk youth. Further research on how perceived access mediates the decision to carry guns would be valuable for formulating effective gun policy.

Who Will Become Productive Adults? Longitudinal Patterns of Gainful Activities Among Serious Adolescent Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2199638
Author(s):  
JoAnn S. Lee ◽  
Faye S. Taxman ◽  
Edward P. Mulvey ◽  
Carol A. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Longitudinal Patterns ◽  
Institutional Placement ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Youth Behaviors

The juvenile justice system is charged with the welfare of the children it serves, yet less is known about the prosocial behaviors of adolescent youthful offenders. This study identifies patterns of prosocial behavior for 7 years among serious adolescent offenders, the correlates of each pattern, and associated patterns of secure placement. Using 7 years of monthly data from the Pathways to Desistance Study ( N = 1,354), we used group-based trajectory models to identify longitudinal patterns of positive youth behaviors related to school and work among serious adolescent offenders and a joint trajectory model to assess the relationship between trajectories of institutional placement and positive youth behaviors. Four groups were identified that demonstrated a high, low, medium, and dips-then-rises likelihood of gainful activities throughout the study period. Gainful activities were negatively associated with risk for delinquency across multiple domains. Juvenile justice interventions should consider prosocial promise in addition to risk for delinquency.

Abstract P672: Black White Disparity in Multiple Risk Factors is Increased in Older Young Adults

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Mehndiratta ◽  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Adeolu Morawo ◽  
Seemant Chaturvedi ◽  
Carolyn A Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke In Young Adults ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Background: Stroke in young adults constitutes 15-18% of all ischemic strokes. Vascular risk factors contribute to stroke risk in young adults particularly older young adults. Few studies have addressed Black White differences in risk, stratified by age. We evaluated the prevalence of risk factors in the younger young (less than 40 years) vs. the older young adults (40 and above). Methods: A population based case control study with 1034 cases and 1091 controls, ages 15-49 was used to investigate the relationship between risk factors (DM, HTN, Smoking and Obesity) and stroke. Groups were defined by the number of risk factors (RF) among cases and controls : no risk factors (ref group), one RF, two RF, three RF and four RF. Prevalence of risk factors was determined in the entire population and stratified by age, sex and race. Logistic regression was used to determine odds of stroke based on the number of risk factors compared to the reference group. Results: The percent of cases with three or more risk factors was compared in different subgroups: ages 15-39 vs. 40-49 was 8.4 vs. 21.6, women vs. men was 15.6 vs. 18.6 and White vs. Black was 12.3 vs. 22.7. Among cases 40 years and older, Blacks were 3 times more likely than Whites (5.9 vs. 2) to have four or more risk factors.Across all age, race and sex subgroups, the odds of having a stroke increased exponentially with an increase in the number of risk factors. Conclusion: Blacks are more likely to have multiple risk factors than Whites. This difference is accentuated in those 40 years and older. Targeting young adults with multiple risk factors for preventive interventions would address a root case of excess stroke risk especially among Blacks.

scholarly journals Acculturative status, age, and hypertension among African American women

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
Fern J. Webb ◽  
Christina Jones ◽  
Ross Jones ◽  
Kristen Morga ◽  
Lori Bilello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
American Women ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Research Assistants

Background: Understanding culture’s impact on hypertension (HTN) is important since its prevalence in African American women (AAW) in the United States is among the highest. It is therefore important to know if younger AAW have similar acculturation status as older AAW when developing culturally relevant interventions.  The objective of this study was to examine the association between acculturation status and age, determining whether acculturation status and age are significantly associated with hypertension among AAW.Methods: Acculturation status, age, and HTN were analyzed using data from the listening to our voices study (LOVS), a population-based observational study of 294 AAW conducted throughout Florida. LOVS was promoted via African American women research assistants trained to inform and recruit AAW living in Ft. Lauderdale, Jacksonville, Miami, and Tampa.Results: Findings demonstrate that AAW held traditional values regardless of age. Moreover, AAW of younger ages had higher average acculturation scores compared with older AAW indicating stronger agreement with traditional values, practices and beliefs. Acculturation subscale scores were not associated with HTN. AAW with HTN scored higher on the traditional food subscale compared to AAW without HTN.Conclusions: These findings indicate the significance of considering the beliefs, values, and practices of AAW when developing health interventions. Health interventions developed should be tailored toward AAW of varying ages to incorporate activities relevant to their cultural beliefs, values and practices.

Socioeconomic Status and Orofacial Clefts in Scotland, 1989 to 1998

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Clark ◽  
P. A. Mossey ◽  
L. Sharp ◽  
J. Little
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deprived Areas

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and orofacial clefts (OFC) in Scotland. Design Study of prevalence at birth over a 10-year period using an area-based measure of material deprivation. Setting Population-based study throughout Scotland. Participants Eight hundred thirty-four live births with OFC born between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1998, ascertained from the nationwide register of the Cleft Service in Scotland, compared with the total 603,825 live births in Scotland in this period. Results There was a strong positive relationship whereby the prevalence of OFC at birth increased with increasing deprivation. This trend was statistically significant for cleft lip and/or palate (CL[P]: p = .016) but not for cleft palate (CP; p = .078). For each type of cleft, the relative risk among those resident in the most deprived areas, compared with those resident in the least deprived areas, was 2.33. Conclusions The association between OFC and socioeconomic status is consistent with a report for an earlier period in a smaller part of Scotland. Unlike the earlier study, this pattern appears to be stronger for CL(P) than for CP. These observations do not appear to be an artifact of recording. It is possible that they reflect the association between deprivation and risk factors for OFC, most likely tobacco smoking during pregnancy. Because the relationship between OFC and socioeconomic status appears to have been virtually unstudied in other populations, it would be valuable to investigate this relationship elsewhere and determine whether known risk factors account for the relationship.

The Chinese National Twin Registry: An Update

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Li ◽  
Wenjing Gao ◽  
Canqing Yu ◽  
Jun Lv ◽  
Weihua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discordant Twin

The Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), established in 2001, is the first and largest population-based twin registry in China. Based on the CNTR, a new twin cohort was recruited from 2011 to study the relationship between environmental risk factors and chronic diseases. So far, 33,874 twin pairs from nine provinces have been recruited, in which hundreds of disease-discordant twin pairs and even thousands of exposure-discordant twin pairs were found in this cohort. The updates of the CNTR will be introduced in detail in this article.

scholarly journals Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: A population-based study in SEER-Medicare

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0186643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Petrick ◽  
Baiyu Yang ◽  
Sean F. Altekruse ◽  
Alison L. Van Dyke ◽  
Jill Koshiol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Population Based Study

Psychopathic Traits and Victimization: What Mechanisms Mediate the Relationship?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 886-904
Author(s):  
Leah E. Daigle ◽  
Michelle N. Harris ◽  
Brent Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Maricopa County ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Relationship

Psychopathy has been linked to a host of negative outcomes including victimization; yet, the mechanisms that may explain this relationship have not been identified. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance study, a longitudinal study of adolescents adjudicted for serious offenses ( N = 1,354) who had been adjudicated in either Maricopa County, AZ, or Philadelphia County, PA, we examine several mechanisms that may mediate the relationship between psychopathy and violent victimization. A 1 SD increase in psychopathy increases the risk of victimization by about 9.3%, net of control variables. Psychopathy is linked to violent victimization through its significant influences on engagement in risky behaviors, moral disengagement, motivations to succeed, and expectations for the future. These findings are striking given that they identify factors such as cognition and engagement in risky behavior that may be suitable targets for change in prevention or intervention efforts.

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