‘A tremor of hope’: Bloomsbury in and after 1918

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
Claudia Olk
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
World War ◽  
Literature And Politics ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Circle Of Friends ◽  
Hogarth Press ◽  
First World

This article focuses on Virginia Woolf and Bloomsbury in and after 1918. It looks at the ways in which the Woolfs, together with members of their circle of friends and family, recorded their experience, their political views, and their attitudes towards Germany, the US and Russia during the final months of the First World War and how they received the arrival of peace. Part of the overall argument will be devoted to tracing the means by which Bloomsbury and the various societies and clubs that were related to it tried to maintain continuity during the war years in London, Richmond and Sussex. A main part of the article will then analyse the development of Bloomsbury’s literary and artistic production and the new connections between art, literature and politics that were forged in the aftermath of the founding of the Hogarth Press in 1917.

scholarly journals Pandemic Avant-Garde Urban Coexistence in Mário de Andrade’s Pauliceia Desvairada (1922) after the Spanish Flu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Klengel
Keyword(s):  
Blind Spot ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Famous Book ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
First World

The radical aesthetic of the historical avant-garde movements has often been explained as a reaction to the catastrophic experience of the First World War and a denouncement of the bourgeoisie’s responsibility for its horrors. This article explores a blind spot in these familiar interpretations of the international avant-garde. Not only the violence of the World War but also the experience of a worldwide deadly pandemic, the Spanish flu, have moulded the literary and artistic production of the 1920s. In this paper, I explore this hypothesis through the example of Mário de Andrade’s famous book of poetry Pauliceia desvairada (1922), which I reinterpret in the light of historical studies on the Spanish flu in São Paulo. An in-depth examination of all parts of this important early opus of the Brazilian Modernism shows that Mário de Andrade’s poetic images of urban coexistence simultaneously aim at a radical renewal of language and at a melancholic coming to terms with a traumatic pandemic past.

The World of the Little Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-70
Author(s):  
Clare Hutton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
World War ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Conservatism ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
First World

This chapter looks at the origins and general intellectual context of the Little Review, the avant-garde New York periodical which serialized Joyce’s Ulysses between 1918 and 1920. The editors were Margaret Anderson and Jane Heap, who were joined by Ezra Pound for two years from May 1917. Pound edited the serial Ulysses and was acutely aware of the changing political context in which the journal was being published. In an atmosphere of increasing cultural conservatism brought about by the entry of the US into the First World War, the New York Post Office declared some issues of the Little Review to be non-mailable and suppressed them. The chapter reviews some issues of the Little Review in detail, paying particular attention to the nexus of associations between the serial Ulysses and some of the other texts and preoccupations of the Little Review.

Jacob Spolansky

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Scare ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
World War ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Palmer Raids ◽  
First World

This chapter examines the rise of Jacob Spolansky as part of a class of professional spies fostered by the growth of anticommunism during the First World War and the Red Scare. Spolansky was a migrant from Ukraine who arrived in the United States around 1910 and was recruited into the US Army's Military Intelligence Division as well as the Bureau of Investigation. During a thirty-year career, Spolansky rotated in and out of government and corporate service and spied on and infiltrated radical and labor organizations. He used legislative committees, business associations, and media outlets to engender support for harsh measures to deal with political and industrial radicals. His career highlights included coordinating the Palmer Raids in Chicago, arresting several Communist Party leaders in Michigan in 1922, and formulating Michigan's 1931 “Spolansky Act.” This chapter first considers Spolansky's early life and how he became a spy active both in law enforcement and political and industrial counterespionage before discussing his career highlights, his later years, and his legacy as a professional spy and anticommunist.

States of Emergency

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Scheuerman
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
World War ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Emergency Power ◽  
Legal Character ◽  
First World

Carl Schmitt’s theory of emergency powers has garnered substantial attention in the aftermath of terrorist attacks on the US, UK, and Spain. Against those who underscore apparent discontinuities in Schmitt’s view of emergency government, or see him as advocating law-based and/or a constitutional model of emergency government, this chapter revisits three key historical and intellectual contexts—the First World War, the Weimar debate about Article 48, and the disintegration of Weimar democracy after 1930— to offer an alternative interpretation. The radical anti-legal character of Schmitt’s position, along with its underlying continuities, is emphasized. Three recent post 9/11 employments of Schmitt’s ideas about emergency power are then examined. Each is found inadequate, in part because each accepts too much of the underlying logic of Schmitt’s theory and thus becomes vulnerable to its normative and political frailties.

Decentralization, Imperialism, and Ottoman Sovereignty in the Arab Lands before 1914

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Atçıl
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
First World War ◽  
Central Control ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The First World War ◽  
And Control ◽  
Administrative Decentralization ◽  
First World

Before the First World War, Shakīb Arslān’s political views and polemic against the Ottoman Administrative Decentralization Party was primarily based on his and his family’s experiences in the politics of Mount Lebanon since 1861. His contacts with Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī and Muḥammad ʿAbduh did not inspire him to adopt a pan-Islamist or reformist stance. When he became involved in politics at the Ottoman imperial level after 1911, he called for strengthening Ottoman central control in the Arab lands. He interpreted the demands of decentralization and autonomy as the desire to establish a political system along the lines of the special administration in Mount Lebanon, which he viewed as an invitation to increase of European influence. He therefore accused those who promoted decentralization of dishonesty and treason. His essential motive at this time was to preserve and justify the strength and control of the Ottoman center. His view of Islam as a political unifier did not have a reformist edge, but was designed as a counterpoise to the idea of Arab exclusivity. 


‘Her Heritage Was that Tragic Optimism’: Edwardian Pastoral

2017 ◽  
pp. 56-86
Author(s):  
Nick Hubble
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
George Orwell ◽  
Ford Madox Ford ◽  
Katherine Mansfield ◽  
World War ◽  
Proletarian Literature ◽  
New Class ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

George Orwell suggested that proletarian literature began before the First World War when Ford Madox Ford, the editor of the English Review, met D.H. Lawrence and saw in him the portent of a new class finding expression in literature. Chapter one of this book explores the extent to which Ford was already anticipating the ideas of William Empson in his Edwardian pastoral, which is seen as a mode of discourse concerned with rethinking social relations and a key progenitor of both modernism and proletarian literature. The chapter also discusses Ford and H.G. Wells as uneasy collaborators in ‘music-hall’ modernism and analyses the urban explorations of both Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf.

Making a Market

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon James Bytheway ◽  
Mark Metzler
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
World War ◽  
Gold Production ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bank Of England ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
First World ◽  
Normal Sense

This chapter explores how British authorities created a market for gold in London. During the First World War, central banks came to control most of the world's gold, which could not be freely traded and was no longer a commodity in any normal sense. When the pound sterling formally went off gold and began to float against the US dollar in 1919, the Bank of England invited N.M. Rothschild & Sons to open a “free” market for gold in London. In this marketplace at the center of the international payments system, only five brokers were present, representing anonymous clients. London was in fact the channel for some two-thirds of the world's gold production, and international movements of this gold could induce enormous economic shifts.

“To Begin on Again”: A Study of Early Cinema’s Unique Influence on Modernist Literature

Film Matters ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Maria Mutka
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
First World War ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
World War ◽  
The Waste Land ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This article examines the intersectionality of modernist literature and the advent of cinema, particularly in the context of the incomparable tragedies of the First World War in the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s. Avant-garde writers like James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Gertrude Stein, and T. S. Eliot utilized cinema-inspired techniques in some of their most famous literary works, including Ulysses and “The Waste Land.” These techniques are especially salient in light of how much both the First World War and cinema altered societal notions of time, space, and motion.

scholarly journals Reforming the veteran: propaganda and agency in the First World War Reconstruction hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
World War ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Disabled Veterans ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
First World

The United States’ entry into the First World War prompted progressives to reform veterans’ entitlements in the hopes of creating a system insulated from corruption and capable of rehabilitating disabled veterans into productive members of society. The replacement of pensions with medical care for wounded and disabled soldiers through the Reconstruction Hospital System was originally intended as a temporary measure but resulted in establishing the foundations of the modern veterans’ health care system. Yet, these reforms would not have been possible without the support from the community of war veterans to which these reforms applied. By examining the communal values expressed in publications produced by and for soldiers, this paper explores the ways in which the Great War’s veteran community expressed agency in the process of reforming the US veteran entitlements.

scholarly journals VIRGINIA WOOLF'S NOVEL “MRS. DALLOWAY”

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-90
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

Following work is dedicated to the novel “Mrs.Dalloway”. The main characters are emotionally endowed Dreamer Clarissa Dalloway and humble servant Septimus Warren-Smith, who was a contusion in the first World War described only one day in June, 1923 year. In fact, the novel “Mrs.Dalloway” is the "flow of consciousness" of the protagonists Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren – Smith, their Big Ben clock is divided into certain peace with a bang. Virginia Woolf believes that "life" is manifested in the form of consciousness, death and time, she focuses her essays on such issues as the role of a woman in family and society, the role of a woman in the upbringing of children, the way a woman feels about the world, the relationship between a modern man and a woman.

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