Risk Assessment Trajectories of Youth During Juvenile Justice Residential Placement

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
James C. Howell ◽  
Mark A. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Offending Behavior ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

Although the Risk–Needs–Responsivity framework has become the dominant paradigm in criminal and juvenile justice, little empirical attention has been given to the reassessment component of the model. Here, we examine dynamic risk and promotive factor trajectories of 6,442 residential commitment placements to assess differences in progression with respect to risk reduction and promotive enhancement through a buffer score rubric (buffer = promotive − risk). Results indicate that youth progress along different buffer trajectories throughout residential placement. Multinomial models also demonstrate that dynamic, changeable factors are more essential in distinguishing trajectory group membership than demographic or criminal history indicators. Finally, there were significant differences in recidivism rates across trajectories postcompletion, suggesting that improvement in (the rate of change in) buffer scores may account for some of the variation in offending behavior postrelease. Programmatic and policy implications are discussed.

Evaluating RNR-Based Targeted Treatment and Intervention Dosage in the Context of Traumatic Exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 154120402098857
Author(s):  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Haley Zettler ◽  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
Adequate Dosage ◽  
Justice Practice ◽  
Intervention Dosage

Best practices in juvenile justice call for the individualized matching of services to assessed dynamic risk factors, with services delivered at sufficient dosage. However, prior work has largely ignored whether this recipe for recidivism reduction is as effective for adolescents with extensive traumatic exposure as it is for those without. The current study leverages a statewide sample of 1,666 juveniles released from residential placement (84.6% male, 59.8% Black, 11.9% Hispanic). We examine the associations of individual-level service matching and achieving dosage targets established by Lipsey’s Standardized Program Evaluation Protocol (SPEP) during residential placement with changes in dynamic risk during placement and recidivism post-release among juveniles with extensive adverse childhood experiences (ACE) exposure and those without. Results demonstrate heightened traumatic exposure is related to smaller reductions in dynamic risk and to an increased probability of reoffending, but that youth receiving matched services coupled with adequate dosage leads to greater treatment progress (dynamic risk reduction) and lower recidivism post-release for both low-ACE and high-ACE youth. Implications for juvenile justice practice and policy are discussed.

Change in Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revised (LSI-OR) Risk Scores Over Time: An Examination of Overall Growth Curves and Subscale-Dependent Growth Curves

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (14) ◽  
pp. 1606-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Day ◽  
Holly A. Wilson ◽  
Kelly Bodwin ◽  
Candice M. Monson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Overall Risk

The dynamic nature of risk to re-offend is an important issue in the management of offenders and has stimulated extensive research into dynamic risk factors that can alter an individual’s overall risk to re-offend if addressed. However, few studies have examined the relative importance of these dynamic risk factors, complicating the task of developing case management and treatment plans that will effect the most change. Using a large, high-risk sample and multi-wave data of a common risk assessment tool, the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revised (LSI-OR), the current study investigated the relationship among criminogenic risk factors and their role in influencing the overall risk score. Results indicated a diverse pattern of effects on the eight subscale scores, specifically suggesting that changes on Procriminal Attitude/Orientation, Criminal History, and Leisure/Recreation subscales resulted in a quicker rate of change to the overall risk score over time. These results suggest that some factors may be driving the change in overall risk and could potentially effect the most change if prioritized for intervention. Practical implications and implications for further research are discussed.

Comparing Solo- and Co-Offending Female Sex Offenders on Variables of Pathology, Offense Characteristics, and Recidivism

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 972-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly A. Miller ◽  
Ethan A. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Female Sex Offenders ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Offending Behavior ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Due to the smaller proportion of female sex offenders (2%-12% of all sexual offenses) compared with male sex offenders, we know much less about these women to aid in the assessment, treatment, and prevention of their offending behavior compared with men. One promising distinction in female sex offender typology is solo-offending females versus females who offend with a male co-offender. The current study uses a sample of 225 incarcerated female sex offenders to compare solo and co-offending women on variables of psychopathology, criminal history, victim and offender information, and recidivism rates. Results indicate that solo offenders are more likely to have male, unrelated victims, score higher on dominance and aggression, and are more likely to generally recidivate. Solo versus co-offending status was not a significant predictor for sexual recidivism. Implications for assessment and treatment are discussed.

An analysis of recidivism rates in youth court vs. traditional juvenile justice system participants

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Ploharz ◽  
Patricia Dirks ◽  
Logan Zaring ◽  
Britani Delbo ◽  
Shauna Sugomoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Youth Court ◽  
Recidivism Rates

Wavelet and cross correlation analysis on some climatology parameters of Nepal

BIBECHANA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Babu Ram Tiwari ◽  
Jiyao Xu ◽  
Binod Adhikari ◽  
Narayan Prasad Chapagain
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sunspot Numbers ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Convective Motions

This study has been performed to understand the relationship between sunspot numbers (SSN) with climatology related parameters like temperature and rainfall from 1901 to 2016. The spectral characteristics of sunspot numbers, temperature and rainfall have been observed using continuous wavelet transform. Cross-correlation analyses were also performed to find any relation among temperature, rainfall, and sunspot numbers. The 9–11 year periodicity of sunspot numbers confirmed by wavelet transform in annual scale. The periodicity of high-frequency signals is identified between 4 to 11 years whereas the low frequencies signal is found throughout the periods of observation for temperature. Similarly, it is clear that there is more concentration of power between 8–16 years for rainfall. Cross-correlation analysis shows that the sunspot numbers is highly correlated with rainfall and temperature (correlation coefficient ~ 0.8054). The time lag relationship resulted in the almost simultaneous linear relationship between the temperature, rainfall, and the SSN tendency. The development of convective motions over the subtropics might be affected by the time rate of change of SSN combined with the surface temperature changes of diverse time scales. The convective motions were mostly controlled by the available amount of water vapor and the stability of the atmosphere that had a strong connection with the heat capacity of the concerned region. To produce more authentic findings for policy implications, further comprehensive and appropriate research can be undertaken and implemented in this very important field. BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 105-115

Recidivism Among Justice-Involved Youth: Findings From JJ-TRIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1078
Author(s):  
Angela A. Robertson ◽  
Zhou Fang ◽  
Doris Weiland ◽  
George Joe ◽  
Sheena Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
County Level ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Using Data

Recidivism, and the factors related to it, remains a highly significant concern among juvenile justice researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. Recent studies highlight the need to examine multiple measures of recidivism as well as conduct multilevel analyses of this phenomenon. Using data collected in a National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-funded Juvenile Justice-Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ-TRIALS) cooperative agreement, we examined individual- and site-level factors related to 1-year recidivism among probation youth in 20 sites in five states to answer research questions related to how recidivism rates differ across sites and the relationships between individual-level variables and a county-level concentrated disadvantage measure and recidivism. Our findings of large site differences in recidivism rates, and complex relationships between individual and county-level predictors of recidivism, highlight the need for more nuanced, contextually informed, multilevel approaches in studying recidivism among juveniles.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Risk Factors–Based Typology of Sexual Offenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (14) ◽  
pp. 1623-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martínez-Catena ◽  
Santiago Redondo ◽  
Nina Frerich ◽  
Anthony R. Beech
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Criminogenic Needs ◽  
The One

The purpose of this article was to develop an Spanish psychometric typology of sexual offenders taking into account dynamic risk factors. The sample comprised 94 sex offenders imprisoned in Spain (52 rapists and 42 child molesters). The analysis yielded two different offender categories based on the subjects’ criminogenic needs level (high and low). The results also showed that social desirability has a strong influence on the developed typologies, whereas the offence type, sociodemographic characteristics, and criminal history do not. A dynamic risk factors typology, such as the one proposed here, could help criminal and correctional facilities to fulfill their remit. It could also be useful for linking treatment intensity to offenders’ criminogenic needs, as well as providing a platform for recidivism risk assessments.

Extending Recidivism Monitoring for Drug Courts

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen E. DeVall ◽  
Paul D. Gregory ◽  
David J. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Substance Abusing ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Drug Treatment Courts ◽  
Drug Treatment Court ◽  
Treatment Courts ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Treatment Court

A wealth of research has been amassed documenting the effectiveness of drug treatment courts in addressing the needs of substance-abusing individuals involved with the criminal justice system. However, there is a relative dearth of research that examines the long-term impact of these programs on recidivism rates for both drug treatment court graduates and those unsuccessfully discharged from the program. In this study, we examine which demographic and programmatic/legal factors influence program disposition and recidivism rates of participants (both graduates and those unsuccessfully discharged) across the 5 years following their discharge from a drug treatment court program located in a suburban city in the Midwest. The study sample consists of 249 ( N = 249) male participants who have been out of the program for more than 5 years. Results from the univariate and multivariate analyses are provided, as well as policy implications, directions for future research, and study limitations.

Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROLF LOEBER ◽  
DAVID P. FARRINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Integration Of Services ◽  
The Individual

An early onset of delinquency prior to age 13 years increases the risk of later serious, violent, and chronic offending by a factor of 2–3. Also child delinquents, compared to juveniles who start offending at a later age, tend to have longer delinquent careers. This article summarizes the report of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's Study Group on Very Young Offenders, chaired by Rolf Loeber and David P. Farrington. The Study Group, consisting of 16 scholars and 23 coauthors, worked for 2 years on preparing a report, undertaking extensive secondary data analyses, and writing chapters in different speciality areas. The report consists of a state of the art review of the developmental background of child delinquents. The report also summarizes risk and protective factors in the individual, family, peer group, school, and neighborhood that affect that development. Lastly, the report renews relevant preventive and remedial interventions in the juvenile justice system, families, peer groups, schools, and neighborhoods, and makes a case for improvement in the integration of services for child delinquents. Policy recommendations are presented to improve methods of dealing with child delinquents by juvenile justice, child welfare, and mental health agencies.

Risk of Suicide in Juvenile Justice Facilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1362-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Gallagher ◽  
Adam Dobrin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Residential Facilities ◽  
Residential Facility ◽  
Residential Placement ◽  
Using Data

Two recent publications have reported vastly different rates of suicide in juvenile-justice residential facilities using the same data. Similarly, divergent rates were calculated on juvenile suicides while in custody using the same data in the 1980s. Using data from the Juvenile Residential Facility Census and the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement, this article demonstrates the underlying differences in the suicide rate calculations by drawing on the historical and epidemiological literature. It highlights the arithmetical relationships between the rates and suggests which methods are best depending on the purpose of the exercise. Facility administrators may find beds-based rates more meaningful for comparisons on rates of suicide across facilities, whereas mental health professionals may prefer person-based rates to describe the risk of suicide in the juvenile justice population.

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