The Southern Military Tradition

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Maley ◽  
Daniel N. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Southern History ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Tradition

Throughout the history of the United States, the South has had higher levels of military service than other regions of the country. Scholars regularly refer to this phenomenon as a “Southern military tradition.” The reasons behind this overrepresentation are not completely understood. Do Southern sociodemographic characteristics make it a preferred recruiting area or is there something distinctive about the cultural legacy of Southern history that encourages and supports military service? Using a unique data set that includes county-level active duty army enlistments and sociodemographic information, we show that Southern counties have significantly higher enlistment rates than counties in the Northeast and Midwest. These differences disappear when sociodemographic factors, such as fewer college graduates and a prominent presence of Evangelical Christians, are taken into account. These findings suggest that population characteristics may be a stronger driver of current regional disparities in military service than an inherited Southern military tradition.

scholarly journals The COVID Connection: Pandemic Anxiety, COVID-19 Comprehension, and Digital Confidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110031
Author(s):  
Laura Robinson ◽  
Jeremy Schulz ◽  
Øyvind N. Wiborg ◽  
Elisha Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Partner Status ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Nationally Representative

This article presents logistic models examining how pandemic anxiety and COVID-19 comprehension vary with digital confidence among adults in the United States during the first wave of the pandemic. As we demonstrate statistically with a nationally representative data set, the digitally confident have lower probability of experiencing physical manifestations of pandemic anxiety and higher probability of adequately comprehending critical information on COVID-19. The effects of digital confidence on both pandemic anxiety and COVID-19 comprehension persist, even after a broad range of potentially confounding factors are taken into account, including sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, metropolitan status, and partner status. They also remain discernable after the introduction of general anxiety, as well as income and education. These results offer evidence that the digitally disadvantaged experience greater vulnerability to the secondary effects of the pandemic in the form of increased somatized stress and decreased COVID-19 comprehension. Going forward, future research and policy must make an effort to address digital confidence and digital inequality writ large as crucial factors mediating individuals’ responses to the pandemic and future crises.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Time in Migration Measurement Using Georeferenced Digital Trace Data

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Lee Fiorio ◽  
Emilio Zagheni ◽  
Guy Abel ◽  
Johnathan Hill ◽  
Gabriel Pestre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Trace Data ◽  
Transition Functions ◽  
Temporal Granularity

Abstract Georeferenced digital trace data offer unprecedented flexibility in migration estimation. Because of their high temporal granularity, many migration estimates can be generated from the same data set by changing the definition parameters. Yet despite the growing application of digital trace data to migration research, strategies for taking advantage of their temporal granularity remain largely underdeveloped. In this paper, we provide a general framework for converting digital trace data into estimates of migration transitions and for systematically analyzing their variation along a quasi-continuous time scale, analogous to a survival function. From migration theory, we develop two simple hypotheses regarding how we expect our estimated migration transition functions to behave. We then test our hypotheses on simulated data and empirical data from three platforms in two internal migration contexts: geotagged Tweets and Gowalla check-ins in the United States, and cell-phone call detail records in Senegal. Our results demonstrate the need for evaluating the internal consistency of migration estimates derived from digital trace data before using them in substantive research. At the same time, however, common patterns across our three empirical data sets point to an emergent research agenda using digital trace data to study the specific functional relationship between estimates of migration and time and how this relationship varies by geography and population characteristics.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Charles R. Figley ◽  
Jeffrey S. Yarvis ◽  
Bruce A. Thyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
The U.S

Social workers have a long, proud history of service in most branches of the United States military, often as commissioned officers with graduate practice degrees (Daley, 2003). Samuel Washington (1957), an active duty social worker, was the first to discuss the history and function of social work in military service. He noted that in 1945 social work was fully integrated as a separate specialty in the U.S. military and “its subsequent development to its present level [i.e., 1957] have been recognized as instrumental in maintaining and conserving the defense strength of its country” (p. 1)....

scholarly journals Evolution of the U.S. Biological Select AgentRathayibacter toxicus

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Davis ◽  
Javier F. Tabima ◽  
Alexandra J. Weisberg ◽  
Lucas Dantas Lopes ◽  
Michele S. Wiseman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat

ABSTRACTRathayibacter toxicusis a species of Gram-positive, corynetoxin-producing bacteria that causes annual ryegrass toxicity, a disease often fatal to grazing animals. A phylogenomic approach was employed to model the evolution ofR. toxicusto explain the low genetic diversity observed among isolates collected during a 30-year period of sampling in three regions of Australia, gain insight into the taxonomy ofRathayibacter, and provide a framework for studying these bacteria. Analyses of a data set of more than 100 sequencedRathayibactergenomes indicated thatRathayibacterforms nine species-level groups.R. toxicusis the most genetically distant, and evidence suggested that this species experienced a dramatic event in its evolution. Its genome is significantly reduced in size but is colinear to those of sister species. Moreover,R. toxicushas low intergroup genomic diversity and almost no intragroup genomic diversity between ecologically separated isolates.R. toxicusis the only species of the genus that encodes a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) locus and that is known to host a bacteriophage parasite. The spacers, which represent a chronological history of infections, were characterized for information on past events. We propose a three-stage process that emphasizes the importance of the bacteriophage and CRISPR in the genome reduction and low genetic diversity of theR. toxicusspecies.IMPORTANCERathayibacter toxicusis a toxin-producing species found in Australia and is often fatal to grazing animals. The threat of introduction of the species into the United States led to its inclusion in the Federal Select Agent Program, which makesR. toxicusa highly regulated species. This work provides novel insights into the evolution ofR. toxicus.R. toxicusis the only species in the genus to have acquired a CRISPR adaptive immune system to protect against bacteriophages. Results suggest that coexistence with the bacteriophage NCPPB3778 led to the massive shrinkage of theR. toxicusgenome, species divergence, and the maintenance of low genetic diversity in extant bacterial groups. This work contributes to an understanding of the evolution and ecology of an agriculturally important species of bacteria.

Psycho-Oncology: Cancer patients with past suicide attempts, or a family history of suicide.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23173-e23173
Author(s):  
Daniela Gercovich ◽  
Ernesto Gil Deza ◽  
Flavio Tognelli ◽  
Carlos Fernando Garcia Gerardi ◽  
Claudia Lorena Acuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychological Risk

e23173 Background: “The suicide rate in cancer patients is twice that observed in the general population in the United States” (JNCI vol 100, 24, page 1750, 2008). This paper focuses ona population with great psychological risk: cancer patients (Pt) with previous suicide attempts (SA) or a family history of suicide (FS); both grouped under SAFS for the purpose of this study. Methods: Between 9/26/2012 and 11/28/2018 all new patients (Pt) admitted to IOHM filled out a Past Medical History Form (PMHF) (ASCO 2013 ABST. e17539) with their preexisting clinical conditions. The database was locked and anonymized. Those with a history of SAFS before cancer diagnosis were selected. Results: Out of 15,617 Pt, 184 Pt (1.2%) were SAFS(141 Pt were SA, 39 Pt were FS and 4 Pt were both). The relative risk ofSA was ten times larger for those with FS. Psychiatric Medication: Antipsychotics: 15Pt (8%), Antidepressants: 23 Pt (12%) and Benzodiazepines 45 Pt(24%), No treatment 101 Pt (55%). Population Characteristics: Sex: F:144 Pt . M: 40 Pt. Age: 56y (r = 26-88). Tumor Dx: Breast (65 Pt ) - Gastrointestinal (24 Pt) - Urological (21 Pt ) - Lung (21 Pt ) -Gynecological (19 Pt) - Hematological (11 Pt) -Head &Neck (8 Pt) - Endocrine (7 Pt) - Other (8 Pt). Stages: Early (0-I-II-III): 130 Pt, Advanced: 54 Pt. Ob-Gyn history:25 Pt (17%) nulliparous, 18 Pt (12%) with one child, 77 Pt (53%) with 2 or 3 children and 24 Pt (17%) with more than 3 children; 62 Pt (43%) had previous abortions. Average severe comorbidities (respiratory and psychiatric) was 3 per Pt (r = 0-18). Toxic habits: Smoking: 120 Pt (65%), Alcohol: 37 Pt (20%) and Illicit Drugs: 4 Pt (2%). Follow-up: 19 months (r = 0-70). No Pt had any SA, or commited suicide, during the follow-up.Living patients:177 (96%). Conclusions: 1) In our vast cohort, 184 Pt (1.2%) were identified as highly vulnerable psychiatric Pt due to SAFS. 2) Given the high psychological risk and stressful cancer diagnosis, 83 Pt (45%) were prescribed psychiatric drugs. 3) Follow-up of SAFS Pt by a multidisciplinary team is requiredfor adequate Pt and family support.

An Interview with Harris Gaylord Warren: From the Borderlands to Paraguay

1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-460
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
United States Army ◽  
North American ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
History Of

Harris Gaylord Warren was, by common consent, the father of Paraguayan studies in the United States. His broad-ranging activities —from diplomatic undertakings in South America to military service in Italy to administrative and scholarly work at various North American universities—marked him as an historian of rare depth and insight. Not commonly known is that Dr. Warren began his career as a historian in the 1930s as a borderlands specialist. The Sword was their Passport: A History of American Filibustering in the Mexican Revolution (Baton Rouge, 1943) is yet recognized as the definitive work on North American adventurers in that turbulent era. As an officer in the United States Army in World War II he was selected for various military history projects. After the war Dr. Warren returned to teaching and then administration. At that time his publications ranged from texts to Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression, (New York, 1959).

Ricardo Flores Magón and the Ongoing Revolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevan Antonio Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
The Revolution

The political and cultural legacy of Ricardo Flores Magón (b. San Antonio Eloxochitlán, September 16, 1873; d. U.S. Penitentiary, Leavenworth, Kansas, November 21, 1922,) has become an integral component of the histories of the Mexican Revolution, Mexicans and Chicanos in the United States, and global social revolutions. Despite being deemed by historians and the Mexican state as a “precursor” of the national revolution, Flores Magón’s political activities preceded and surpassed the accepted chronology of the Revolution (1910–1920), as well as the borders of Mexico. While historical literature on the Revolution is extensive, the global and radical implications of the event as a social revolution are often underappreciated. Through the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM, Mexican Liberal Party) and the newspaper Regeneración (Regeneration), Flores Magón mobilized a transnational social movement in 1906 and continued to inspire popular revolt through his writings on anarchism and revolution until his death in 1922. Many of the members of the PLM (often inaccurately referred to as ideological adherents to Flores Magón, or magonistas) continued to participate in revolutionary activity well after the organization disbanded. Even in death, Flores Magón continues to inspire revolutionary movements in Mexico, the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The history of Ricardo Flores Magón therefore intersects with various local and global histories of resistance throughout the 20th century.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik S. Gellman ◽  
Jarod Roll
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern History ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depression Era

This introductory chapter tells the story of how two preachers challenged racial divisions in the United States. Southern history, even American history generally, is too often told in white stories and black stories that seldom connect; yet the chapter asserts that the intertwined stories of Owen Whitfield and Claude Claude Williams challenges students of the history of the southern working class to take seriously the dynamic power and centrality of religious ideas in social and political movements, which raises new questions about the assumptions scholars have made about race, respectability, politics, and even gender in the Depression and World War II era. Their careers, in part, tell the story of the recovery of a southern common ground strong enough to support a working-class social movement for greater democracy in Depression-era America.

If We Are Not Citizens, Then What Are We?

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-38
Author(s):  
Brian Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Military Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of

This chapter reviews the history of black military service in previous American wars, an analysis of which black Northerners relied on when they thought that about how to respond to the opportunity to serve in the Civil War. This chapter coves black activists’ antebellum rhetorical use of black service, black Northerners’ goal of bringing lived reality in the United States in line with the founding US ideal of equality, the history of black citizenship prior to the Civil War, and antebellum African Americans’ ideas about what, if any, duty black men possessed to fight for the United States in the event of war. This chapter also covers the expansion of slavery, the growth of the Northern black community, and the coming of the Civil War.

scholarly journals Stopgappers? The Occupational Trajectories of Men in Female-Dominated Occupations

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Torre
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Model Evidence

This study examines the determinants of men’s exit from female-dominated occupations. Using census data and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data set, the author analyzes the job history of men employed in the United States between 1979 and 2006. Supporting the theoretical model, evidence indicates a group of stopgappers—men entering female-dominated occupations and leaving soon after their entry, thereby contributing to the perpetuation of segregation in female settings. By identifying the stopgapper occupational trajectory, this article contributes to the development of a comprehensive theory accounting for the way structural inequality is reproduced.

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