scholarly journals Is per capita energy use stationary? Time series evidence for the EMU countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosimo Magazzino
Keyword(s):  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Stationary Time Series ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Additive Outlier ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Almost All

This study examines the stationary properties of per capita energy use in the 19 Eurozone member countries by using annual data over 1960–2013 period. We utilize the Clemente et al. unit root test that determines structural breaks. Empirical results show that most of the country series does not reject the unit root null hypothesis at the 5% significance level, both in the case of additive outlier and of innovative outlier. Therefore, our empirical findings provide significant evidence that energy use is nonstationary in almost all Eurozone countries. For the policy makers, it is necessary to pay attention to energy use series.

Convergence in per capita carbon footprint and ecological footprint for G7 countries: Evidence from panel Fourier threshold unit root test

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110114
Author(s):  
Veli Yilanci ◽  
Muhammed Sehid Gorus ◽  
Sakiru Adebola Solarin
Keyword(s):  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
G7 Countries ◽  
Convergence Hypothesis ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviors ◽  
Nonlinear Unit Root Tests

This paper aims to explore the convergence of per capita carbon and ecological footprints in G7 countries during 1961–2016. For this purpose, we propose a new unit root test in the panel setting–the panel Fourier threshold unit root test. This test takes into consideration both multiple smooth structural changes and nonlinearity. According to the literature, the power of the nonlinear unit root tests is reduced in the case of ignoring structural breaks. Therefore, we expect to get more reliable empirical findings by utilizing this methodology. The empirical results of this paper show that these series have nonlinear behaviors for the period 1961–2016. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the absolute convergence hypothesis is valid in G7 countries for both regimes. Thus, governments can conduct common environmental policies, including international climate summits and agreements, instead of national-based policies to mitigate environmental deterioration in their countries.

Convergence in per capita CO2 emissions: evidence from nonlinear unit root tests in top four oil exporter countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1155
Author(s):  
Andisheh Saliminezhad ◽  
Pejman Bahramian
Keyword(s):  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Unit Root Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nonlinear Unit Root Tests

Purpose This paper aims to examine the stochastic convergence of the per capita CO2 emissions among the top four crude oil exporter countries, namely, Canada, Iraq, Russia and Saudi Arabia, from 1960 to 2017. Assessing the stationarity and unit root properties of the environmental series in these countries is important as their large fossil fuel resources increases the potential for rising CO2 emissions compared to other countries. Design/methodology/approach In addition to implementing the conventional unit root tests, the authors also benefit from the application of three nonlinear unit root tests, namely, wavelet unit root test, nonlinear unit root test of Güriş (2019) and the Fourier quantile unit root test. These methods are robust to the presence of possible structural breaks and other forms of nonlinearities, while the wavelet unit root test enables us to examine the stochastic behavior of the variables in both time and frequency domains. Hence, they all provide more reliable inferences on the convergences of the CO2 emissions compared to their standard competitors. Findings The standard unit root test results show strong evidence in favor of non-stationarity in all countries. This conclusion supports the results of the other nonlinear unit root tests and the overall findings of the Fourier quantile unit root test. The wavelet unit root test provides a controversial finding. However, due to its limitations, its findings must be interpreted with caution. The details of the Fourier quantile unit root test indicate that per capita CO2 emissions follow mean-reverting properties in middle quantile ranges for Canada, Russia and Iraq. This validates the asymmetric behaviors of per capita CO2 emissions in these countries. Originality/value The novelty of the work can be stated in two ways. First, among the available studies, this is the first paper to emphasize the importance of examining the convergence of per capita CO2 emissions among the top four oil exporters. Second, to the best of the knowledge, no study has yet been undertaken in which all these methods have been simultaneously applied. Sustainable environmental policies depend heavily on the CO2 series’ properties. Thus, the findings can provide significant environmental and economic implications for policymakers to construct feasible and optimal policies in climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals The Convergence of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Emissions Per Capita in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Zhang ◽  
Deng-Kui Si ◽  
Bing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmental Protection Policies

As the third-largest SO2 emitter in the world, China is facing mounting domestic and external pressure to tackle the increasingly serious SO2 pollution. Figuring out the convergence and persistence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions matters much for environmental policymakers in China. This study mainly utilizes the Fourier quantile unit root test to survey the convergence of the SO2 emissions per capita in 74 cities of China during the period of December 2014 to June 2019, by conducting five traditional unit root tests and a quantile root unit test as a comparative analysis. The empirical results indicate that the SO2 emissions per capita in 72 out of 74 cities in China are convergent in the sample period. The results also suggest that the unit root behavior of the SO2 emissions per capita in these cities is asymmetrically persistent at different quantiles. For the cities with the convergent SO2 emissions, the government should consider the asymmetric mean-reverting pattern of SO2 emissions when implementing environmental protection policies at different stages. For Hefei and Nanjing, the local governments need to enact stricter environmental protection policies to control the emission of sulfur dioxide.

A revisit of the unemployment rate, interest rate, GDP growth and Inflation of Pakistan: Whether Structural break or unit root?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Sara Muhammadullah ◽  
Amena Urooj ◽  
Faridoon Khan
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Unit Root Tests ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators

The study investigates the query of structural break or unit root considering four macroeconomic indicators; unemployment rate, interest rate, GDP growth, and inflation rate of Pakistan. The previous studies create ambiguity regarding the stationarity and non-stationarity of these variables. We employ Zivot & Andrews (1992) unit root test and Step Indicator Saturation (SIS) method for multiple break detection in mean. GDP growth and inflation rate are stationary at level whereas unit root tests fail to reject the null hypothesis of the unemployment rate and interest rate at level. However, Zivot and Andrew unit root test with a single endogenous break indicates that the unemployment rate and interest rate are stationary at level with a single endogenous break. On the other hand, the SIS method reveals that the series are stationary with multiple structural breaks. It is inferred that it is inappropriate to take the first difference of the unemployment rate and interest rate to attain stationarity. The results of this study confirmed that there exist multiple breaks in the macroeconomic variables considered in the context of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Transportation Dynamic Behaviour of Structural Break and Consumer Price Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Keyword(s):  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Break Points

This paper studies the dynamic behaviour of transportation price in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah from 2004 to 2015 using disaggregated monthly price data of consumer price index (CPI). For that, unit root tests and cointegration tests with structural breaks are incorporated. The findings indicated that (i) both Zivot and Andrews unit root test and Perron unit root test provided fairly similar results; most of the break points occurred in 2008, (ii) the variables cointegrate in the Johansen cointegration test which indicates that there is a long-run relationship and (iii) the Gregory and Hansen test also demonstrated some form of cointegration with structural break(s), especially in 2008. Overall, this study intends to match the structural break points with the comparable critical economic events

scholarly journals Structural Breaks and Explosive Behavior in the Long-Run: The Case of Australian Real House Prices, 1870–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Vicente Esteve ◽  
Maria A. Prats
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Unit Root Tests ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Bubble Behavior ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Time

Abstract In this article, we use tests of explosive behavior in real house prices with annual data for the case of Australia for the period 1870–2020. The main contribution of this paper is the use of very long time series. It is important to use longer span data because it offers more powerful econometric results. To detect episodes of potential explosive behavior in house prices over this long period, we use the recursive unit root tests for explosiveness proposed by Phillips et al. (2011), (2015a,b). According to the results, there is a clear speculative bubble behavior in real house prices between 1997 and 2020, speculative process that has not yet been adjusted.

Response surfaces estimates for the Dickey-Fuller unit root test with structural breaks

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Lluı́s Carrion i Silvestre ◽  
Andreu Sansó i Rosselló ◽  
Manuel Artı́s Ortuño
Keyword(s):  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Response Surfaces

The effects of shocks on Turkish tourism demand: Evidence using panel unit root test

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481661989983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagmur Saglam ◽  
Apostolos Ampountolas
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Panel Unit Root Test ◽  
Panel Unit Root

This empirical study examines the stationarity of tourism demand in Turkey in response to the effects of structural breaks, which indicate external or internal shocks based on tourist arrivals from 12 Slavic-speaking countries between 2000 and 2016. We employed a panel unit root test based on the Flexible Fourier approach, which Karul enhanced to allow gradual shifts and a smooth transition process; structural break dates come from the Carrion-i-Silvestre unit root test framework. The empirical findings indicate that there are differences in the effects of these structural breaks across the 12 countries in question.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document