Multistakeholder Agency: Stakeholder Benefit Alignment and National Institutional Contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 014920632110544
Author(s):  
Victor Zitian Chen ◽  
Patricio Duran ◽  
Steve Sauerwald ◽  
Michael A. Hitt ◽  
Marc van Essen
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Stakeholder Salience ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Institutional Contexts

The alignment among multiple stakeholder benefits is a valuable performance indicator for the benefits generated by a firm for various stakeholders. Our research seeks to augment stakeholder-agency theory with an institutional perspective to analyze how national institutions affect stakeholder benefit alignment. We suggest that the current development of stakeholder-agency theory has overlooked the alignment of different stakeholders’ benefits and the external institutional contexts as critical determinants in ensuring such alignment. We conceptualize stakeholder benefit alignment as a positive relationship between different stakeholder groups’ benefits, and propose an institutional framework grounded in relative stakeholder salience. Using this framework, we argue that stakeholder benefits are better aligned when national institutions enhance the ease of withdrawal, legal protection, and private enforcement for intrinsically less salient stakeholders, and when a long-term oriented culture characterizes a society. We found supportive evidence by employing a meta-analytic approach based on 530 correlations from 94 primary studies representing 23 economies. Our study adds new insights to the stakeholder-agency literature by conceptualizing and quantitatively examining the degree of alignment across different stakeholder benefit dimensions, focusing on national formal and informal institutions as boundary conditions.

An institutional perspective of the socioemotional-financial wealth relationship

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Duran
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Wealth ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer an institutional perspective of the Martin and Gomez-Mejia model. Specifically, this paper offers arguments of how institutions moderate the socioemotional wealth (SEW) and financial performance relationship. Design/methodology/approach This is an individual commentary that explores country-level institutional contingencies that affect the predicted effect of SEW dimensions upon financial performance offered by Martin and Gomez-Mejia. Findings The paper offers arguments of how both formal and informal institutions, such as the legal protection of minority shareholders, labor and investors; freedom of expression and information; and the country’s culture, exacerbate or ameliorate the predicted effect of the five SEW dimensions upon financial performance. Originality/value By exploring an institutional perspective of the socioemotional and financial wealth relationship, this commentary offers additional boundary conditions to those offered by Martin and Gomez-Mejia to further refine their theory.

scholarly journals Intelligent long-term performance analysis in power electronics systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Peyghami ◽  
Tomislav Dragicevic ◽  
Frede Blaabjerg
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Level ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Reliability Modeling ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

AbstractThis paper proposes a long-term performance indicator for power electronic converters based on their reliability. The converter reliability is represented by the proposed constant lifetime curves, which have been developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) under different operating conditions. Unlike the state-of-the-art theoretical reliability modeling approaches, which employ detailed electro-thermal characteristics and lifetime models of converter components, the proposed method provides a nonparametric surrogate model of the converter based on limited non-linear data from theoretical reliability analysis. The proposed approach can quickly predict the converter lifetime under given operating conditions without a further need for extended, time-consuming electro-thermal analysis. Moreover, the proposed lifetime curves can present the long-term performance of converters facilitating optimal system-level design for reliability, reliable operation and maintenance planning in power electronic systems. Numerical case studies evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed reliability modeling approach.

scholarly journals Power, Legitimacy, and Urgency of Community-Based Tourism Stakeholders in Northeastern Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Mattara Sripun ◽  
Sekson Yongvanit ◽  
Richard Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Stakeholder Salience ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

This paper examines the dynamics of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) stakeholder salience namely; power, legitimacy and urgency. Data is drawn from a doctoral research fieldwork, undertaken from 2013-2016 in two long running CBT villages in Northeastern Thailand which are Ban Prasat; an archaeological site in Nakhon Ratchasima province, and the ethnic Phu Tai cultural village of Ban Khok Kong in Kalasin province. Instruments include secondary data, participatory and non-participatory observations, and in-depth interviews using semi-structured questions with 53 key informants selected from 5 pre-defined stakeholder groups. Content analysis is employed using a modified stakeholder salience framework. The paper is structured into four main parts; an introduction to the theoretical foundations of the research, the examination of “legitimate” stakeholder groups and their dynamic relations, the discussion of stakeholder salience’s fundamental concepts of “who and what really matters”, and the limitations of applying a stakeholder approach in the CBT context. Findings unfold subtle but complex layers of process dynamics and stakeholder relationship. Women and the elderly are the backbone of a CBT process. Stakeholders play various roles based on group member skills. Roles and responsibilities are contingent, inclusive, and non-hierarchical. Functional differentiation serves as a management parameter and determines stakeholder urgency. Though CBT is managed through a participatory decision making process, the leaders are the most powerful stakeholder groups controlling tourism resources and regulations. CBT stakes are collective benefits. Normative legitimacy is found to be the most critical aspect. Interest overlap and the dynamic range of the stakeholder interrelations found in both CBT communities are too contingent and transitory for a unified thought on CBT management. Stakeholder interrelations transit as the setting evolves and the stakeholders themselves make decisions or change their opinions. This subjective element highlights moral essentiality and leadership dependence. Legitimacy is inevitably another form of power.

The development of an mHealth tool for children with long-term illness to enable person-centred communication: a co-design approach (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Wiljén ◽  
John Chaplin ◽  
Vanessa Crine ◽  
William Jobe ◽  
Ensa Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Design ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Multiple Symptoms

BACKGROUND Children with long-term illness frequently experience symptoms that affect their daily life, and this is underreported in healthcare. Despite the large number of mHealth tools, few are based on a theoretical framework or supported by scientific knowledge. Incorporating universal design when developing a product ensures that all may benefit from the design and that person-centred communication is facilitated. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to develop a person-centred communication support mHealth tool (i.e. Pictorial support in person-centred care for children: PicPecc) based on universal design principles for children with long-term illness to communicate their symptoms, using the co-design process by involving various stakeholder groups (children with long-term illness, parents, healthcare professionals, developers). METHODS The co-design development process included four phases: (i) interviews with seven children, 8 parents and 19 healthcare professionals to determine needs and wishes for support, (ii) workshop with 19 researchers, (iii) workshop with developers and (iv) interviews with 10 children, 9 parents and 21 healthcare professionals to evaluate the mock-up (prototype) of the developed mHealth tool. Data were synthesised using interpretive description. RESULTS There is a need for children with long-term illness to address symptoms such as fear, fatigue, nausea, pain, and anxiety. Fatigue and anxiety may be overlooked by healthcare professionals and therefore an easy-to-use tool to facilitate communication with the children is needed. Three common aspects were constructed: different perspectives on provided and perceived support, need for an easy tool to assess symptoms and to facilitate communication, as well as mapping the journey to facilitate recall. Parent and children stakeholders expressed a need for support when dealing with psychosocial issues, while parents were simultaneously concerned that children may regard the word anxiety as too alarming. However, the children themselves did not react to the word. Researchers repeated the importance of employing easy-to-use mHealth tools for children to communicate symptoms going beyond pain, e.g. anxiety and fatigue. The developers highlighted the practical and logistical implications of suggestions offered by other stakeholders and proposed best options for the development of the tool. CONCLUSIONS The co-designed developed PicPecc tool demonstrated the capacity to provide support when dealing with multiple symptoms and conditions. PicPecc opens a dialogue between the child and the healthcare professionals, and it addresses symptoms that may otherwise be overlooked. Future research includes usability testing and evaluation in hospitals, as well as in a home care setting. CLINICALTRIAL -

Innovative Enterprise Solves the Agency Problem

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-191
Author(s):  
William Lazonick ◽  
Jang-Sup Shin
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Hedge Fund ◽  
Innovation Theory ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Business Corporation ◽  
Innovative Enterprise ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Short Termism ◽  
The U.S

This chapter uses innovation theory to provide both a general theoretical critique and a selective empirical critique of the use of agency theory to rationalize the looting of the U.S. business corporation as enhancing economic efficiency. It focuses on three empirical works, Bebchuk and Fried, Pay Without Performance (2004); Bebchuk, Brav, and Jiang, “The Long-Term Effects of Hedge-Fund Activism” (2015); and Fried and Wang, “Short-Termism and Capital Flows” (2017). The chapter contends that MSV ideology as promulgated by agency theorists has contributed to inferior corporate and economic performance. It then argues that, for analyzing the operation and performance of the economy, innovation theory should replace agency theory.

scholarly journals Urbanization and Population Genetic Structure of the Panama City crayfish (Procambarus econfinae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
Sarah I Duncan ◽  
Ellen P Robertson ◽  
Robert J Fletcher ◽  
James D Austin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Panama City ◽  
Habitat Patches ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Habitat Loss And Fragmentation

Abstract For species with geographically restricted distributions, the impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation on long-term persistence may be particularly pronounced. We examined the genetic structure of Panama City crayfish (PCC), Procambarus econfinae, whose historical distribution is limited to an area approximately 145 km2, largely within the limits of Panama City and eastern Bay County, FL. Currently, PCC occupy approximately 28% of its historical range, with suitable habitat composed of fragmented patches in the highly urbanized western portion of the range and managed plantations in the more contiguous eastern portion of the range. We used 1640 anonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic habitat modification on the genetic diversity and population structure of 161 PCC sampled from across its known distribution. First, we examined urban habitat patches in the west compared with less-developed habitat patches in the east. Second, we used approximate Bayesian computation to model inferences on the demographic history of eastern and western populations. We found anthropogenic habitat modifications explain the genetic structure of PCC range-wide. Clustering analyses revealed significant genetic structure between and within eastern and western regions. Estimates of divergence between east and west were consistent with urban growth in the mid-20th century. PCC have low genetic diversity and high levels of inbreeding and relatedness, indicating populations are small and isolated. Our results suggest that PCC have been strongly affected by habitat loss and fragmentation and management strategies, including legal protection, translocations, or reintroductions, may be necessary to ensure long-term persistence.

Soil organic matter in rainfed cropping systems of the Australian cereal belt

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
K. Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Eastern Australia

The Australian cereal belt stretches as an arc from north-eastern Australia to south-western Australia (24˚S–40˚S and 125˚E–147˚E), with mean annual temperatures from 14˚C (temperate) to 26˚C (subtropical), and with annual rainfall ranging from 250 mm to 1500 mm. The predominant soil types of the cereal belt include Chromosols, Kandosols, Sodosols, and Vertosols, with significant areas of Ferrosols, Kurosols, Podosols, and Dermosols, covering approximately 20 Mha of arable cropping and 21 Mha of ley pastures. Cultivation and cropping has led to a substantial loss of soil organic matter (SOM) from the Australian cereal belt; the long-term SOM loss often exceeds 60% from the top 0–0.1 m depth after 50 years of cereal cropping. Loss of labile components of SOM such as sand-size or particulate SOM, microbial biomass, and mineralisable nitrogen has been even higher, thus resulting in greater loss in soil productivity than that assessed from the loss of total SOM alone. Since SOM is heterogeneous in nature, the significance and functions of its various components are ambiguous. It is essential that the relationship between levels of total SOM or its identif iable components and the most affected soil properties be established and then quantif ied before the concentrations or amounts of SOM and/or its components can be used as a performance indicator. There is also a need for experimentally verifiable soil organic C pools in modelling the dynamics and management of SOM. Furthermore, the interaction of environmental pollutants added to soil, soil microbial biodiversity, and SOM is poorly understood and therefore requires further study. Biophysically appropriate and cost-effective management practices for cereal cropping lands are required for restoring and maintaining organic matter for sustainable agriculture and restoration of degraded lands. The additional benefit of SOM restoration will be an increase in the long-term greenhouse C sink, which has the potentialto reduce greenhouse emissions by about 50 Mt CO2 equivalents/year over a 20-year period, although current improved agricultural practices can only sequester an estimated 23% of the potential soil C sink.

scholarly journals Platform, Participation, and Power: How Dominant and Minority Stakeholders Shape Agricultural Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Eidt ◽  
Laxmi P. Pant ◽  
Gordon M. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Innovation ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
Agricultural Innovation Systems

Within agricultural innovation systems (AIS), various stakeholder groups inevitably interpret ‘innovation’ from their own vantage point of privilege and power. In rural developing areas where small-scale and subsistence farming systems support livelihoods, dominant policy actors often focus heavily on participatory modernization and commercialization initiatives to enhance productivity, access, and quality. However, existing social hierarchies may undermine the potential of such initiatives to promote inclusive and sustainable farmer-driven innovation. Focusing on the chronically food insecure smallholder agricultural systems operating in Yatta Sub-county, Eastern Kenya, this paper explores how power dynamics between stakeholders can influence, and can be influenced by, participatory agricultural innovation initiatives. Findings suggest that there are often significant disparities in access to, and control over, platform resources between smallholder farmers and other stakeholder groups, resulting in large asymmetries. We discuss how these power dynamics may increase the risk of agricultural intervention, further marginalizing already disempowered groups and reinforcing power hierarchies to the detriment of smallholders. This study highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the institutional contexts that facilitate and maintain relationships of power within agricultural innovation systems, as well as the complexities associated with promoting transformational agricultural innovation.

Aspects of the European investment bank's experience in wastewater management

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. R. Bond
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
European Investment

The role of the European Investment Bank (EIB) in financing viable long-term investments and their geographical and sectorial spread are briefly described. Its activities in the Mediterranean environmental field and the special actions taken jointly with the World Bank including structured technical assistance for project preparation are explained. Recent experience of the EIB in the wastewater sector covering the importance of the planning and institutional contexts as well as an analysis of typical problems and risks during implementation and operation are given.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document