scholarly journals Identifying the Determinants of Chronic Absenteeism: A Bioecological Systems Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Gottfried ◽  
Kevin A. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Chronic Absenteeism ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Background Context

Background/Context Chronic school absenteeism is a pervasive problem across the US; in early education, it is most rampant in kindergarten and its consequences are particularly detrimental, often leading to poorer academic, behavioral and developmental outcomes later in life. Though prior empirical research has identified a broad range of determinants of chronic absenteeism, there lacks a single, unified theoretically driven investigation examining how such factors concurrently explain the incidence of chronic absenteeism among our nation's youngest schoolchildren. Thus, it is difficult to determine the relative importance of one factor over another, hence making it challenging to develop appropriate supports and services to reduce school absences. Purpose/Research Questions Our study filled this critical void—we investigated multiple determinants of chronic absenteeism that were grounded, theoretically and empirically, in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model of development. Specifically, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 and the method of hierarchical generalized linear modeling, we analyzed how the co-occurrence of key (a) process, (b) person, and (c) context (micro-, meso-, exo- and macrosystem) factors was associated with kindergarteners’ probability of being chronically absent. Findings/Results Children who have poorer health, higher internalizing behaviors, and more frequent engagement in learning activities at home had higher odds of chronic absenteeism. Also, children from larger families and of lower socioeconomic status faced increased odds of chronic absenteeism. Conversely, children holding positive attitudes towards school had lowered odds of chronic absenteeism, a finding that remained robust across socioeconomic status groups. Finally, parent–school connections were associated with lowered odds of absenteeism. Conclusions/Recommendations Overall, our findings strongly suggested that addressing chronic absenteeism will require comprehensive and multifaceted approaches that recognize these multiple factors. With this theoretically grounded, more descriptive approach, it is more feasible to identify key factors and subsequently design policies and practices to prevent absence behavior.

Early Marriage in Taiwan: Evidence From Panel Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (14) ◽  
pp. 1989-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsui-o Tai ◽  
Chin-Chun Yi ◽  
Chia-Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Taiwanese People ◽  
To Come ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the TYP (Taiwan Youth Project) panel survey, we examine factors associated with early marriages in Taiwan and the subsequent risks for negative outcomes in family life and career trajectories. About 7% of Taiwanese people marry early, that is, before the age of 28 years. Among those who marry early, more than 60% report the birth of a child within the first 8 months of marriage (i.e., they form postconception “shotgun” marriages). Compared with the never married respondents, individuals in both preconception and postconception early marriages are likely to come from families of low socioeconomic status. Nonworking young adults and those experiencing parental divorce or parental death during adolescence are at higher risk of entering postconception marriages than those remaining single. Particularly for nonemployed young people and those from lower socioeconomic status background, early marriage means taking on adult responsibilities in a disadvantaged state.

scholarly journals Why Is Infant Mortality Higher in the United States than in Europe?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Chen ◽  
Emily Oster ◽  
Heidi Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Differential Reporting

The United States has higher infant mortality than peer countries. In this paper, we combine microdata from the United States with similar data from four European countries to investigate this US infant mortality disadvantage. The US disadvantage persists after adjusting for potential differential reporting of births near the threshold of viability. While the importance of birth weight varies across comparison countries, relative to all comparison countries the United States has similar neonatal (<1 month) mortality but higher postneonatal (1–12 months) mortality. We document similar patterns across census divisions within the United States. The postneonatal mortality disadvantage is driven by poor birth outcomes among lower socioeconomic status individuals. (JEL I12, I14, I32, J14)

scholarly journals Contemporary female smokers in the us are younger and of lower socioeconomic status

Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Jarvie ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Caitlin E. Johnson ◽  
JoAnne M. Foody
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Analysis of Class-as-Race and Gender Ideology in the US Young Adult Sports Novel Racing Savannah (2013)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Rocío Riestra-Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Adolescent Readers ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender

Equine fiction is an established genre in the English juvenile literary canon. Current works in the field appeal to adolescent readers thanks to their interface between classic motifs of vintage and contemporary forms of equine narratives. Performing a close reading of selected passages in Miranda Kenneally’s Racing Savannah (2013), this paper acknowledges how this novel is a revitalization and a challenge to this pattern. Savannah, who is more gifted than her companions, is subordinate to the decisions of the junior of the household where she works. Jack Goodwin, the protagonist’s romantic lead, educated in a neocolonialist background of male jockeying, becomes Savannah’s marker of difference according to her sex and lower socioeconomic status, which lay at the root of her later racialization despite her being a white character. My analysis attempts to expose how these difficulties encountered by the protagonist to become a professional jockey articulate past and present constraints of the horse-racing ladder.

scholarly journals Exploring the transferability of crash modification factors: case studies on passing lanes and dual rumble strips on Ontario two-lane highways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Almasizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
The Us ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Crash Modification Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rumble Strip ◽  
Shoulder Rumble Strips ◽  
Combined Data

The safety effects of design and other highway improvement options are specified through Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). CMFs for two low cost safety treatment measures -- passing lanes and dual application of center line and shoulder rumble strips -- are explored separately in this paper. Using data provided from previous studies conducted in the United States, and generalized linear modeling, the transferability of the US-based knowledge on safety effects of passing lanes and rumble strips for application in Ontario was explored. It was found that the safety effects were consistent for passing lanes in Michigan and Ontario and a Crash Modification Function was developed relating the CMF to length of passing lane for the combined data. The dual rumble strip effects were also reasonably consistent with results from a limited analysis of Ontario data and are recommended for application in the province.

Parent–child conversations about literacy: a longitudinal, observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA TREIMAN ◽  
KRISTINA DECKER ◽  
SARAH ROBINS ◽  
DINA GHOSH ◽  
NICOLE ROSALES
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Study ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Using Data

AbstractConversations about literacy-related matters with parents can help prepare children for formal literacy instruction. We studied these conversations using data gathered from fifty-six US families as they engaged in daily activities at home. Analyzing conversations when children were aged 1;10, 2;6, 3;6, and 4;2, we found that explicit talk about the elements and processes of reading and writing occurred even when children were less than two years old and became more common as children grew older. The majority of literacy-related conversations included talk about alphabet letters. Literacy-related conversations occurred in a variety of contexts, not only book-reading. There were few differences as a function of family socioeconomic status in the proportion of utterances during the sessions that occurred in literacy-related conversations. At older ages, however, children in families of lower socioeconomic status bore more of the conversational burden than children in families of higher status.

scholarly journals Exploring the transferability of crash modification factors: case studies on passing lanes and dual rumble strips on Ontario two-lane highways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Almasizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
The Us ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Crash Modification Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rumble Strip ◽  
Shoulder Rumble Strips ◽  
Combined Data

The safety effects of design and other highway improvement options are specified through Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). CMFs for two low cost safety treatment measures -- passing lanes and dual application of center line and shoulder rumble strips -- are explored separately in this paper. Using data provided from previous studies conducted in the United States, and generalized linear modeling, the transferability of the US-based knowledge on safety effects of passing lanes and rumble strips for application in Ontario was explored. It was found that the safety effects were consistent for passing lanes in Michigan and Ontario and a Crash Modification Function was developed relating the CMF to length of passing lane for the combined data. The dual rumble strip effects were also reasonably consistent with results from a limited analysis of Ontario data and are recommended for application in the province.

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document