Learning Experiences of Highly Able Learners With ASD: Using a Success Case Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-242
Author(s):  
I-Chen Wu ◽  
C. Owen Lo ◽  
Kuei-Fang Tsai

Empirical studies investigating twice-exceptional students’ learning experiences and intricate needs remain scarce to date. Even though highly able learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASDs) demonstrate potential for high achievement and/or creative productivity, they also face potential psychosocial distresses such as anxiety disorders and poor self-concept. This study aimed to explore positive educational opportunities for highly able learners diagnosed with ASD. Using a success case method, the researchers invited two fifth-grade highly able learners with ASD to participate in this study. Data collection included interviews, observations, questionnaires, and supplementary artifacts. Adopting a general inductive analysis approach and a Glaserian coding paradigm, the researchers identified a core category, supportive school context (SSC), along with three subcategories: (a) curriculum flexibility, (b) strength-based approaches, and (c) safe environment. The findings could provide effective pedagogical strategies for teachers, school administrators, and parents. Furthermore, we rendered several suggestions for future research.

2021 ◽  
pp. 001440292110625
Author(s):  
Kara Hume ◽  
Samuel L. Odom ◽  
Jessica R. Steinbrenner ◽  
Leann Smith DaWalt ◽  
Laura J. Hall ◽  
...  

We tested the efficacy of a comprehensive intervention program designed for high school students across the autism spectrum, the Center on Secondary Education for Students with Autism (CSESA) model, in a cluster randomized control trial involving 60 high schools in three states (California, North Carolina, Wisconsin), with implementation occurring over a 2-year period. We examined outcomes for the schools, students ( N = 547), and families. At the conclusion of the study, CSESA schools had significantly higher program quality than the services-as-usual (SAU) schools. In addition, students in the CSESA schools had significantly higher total attainment of educational goals than students in SAU schools. There were not significant differences between the two groups on standardized assessment outcomes. We discuss implications for intervention implementation and future research with this population in the public school context.


Author(s):  
David Ison

This chapter provides a general background on the problem of plagiarism, how the Internet has been implicated as a negative influence on Academic Integrity (AI), empirical study data on the influences of the Internet on plagiarism, reasons why students may conduct plagiarism, and best practices in the use of plagiarism detection. Within the first section, three empirical studies are highlighted to indicate the actual occurrence of plagiarism in graduate education and the role the Internet may play in influencing AI. In the second section, a description of both how and why students conduct plagiarism is presented. Existing literature on the topic is explored to better inform stakeholders on the ‘why' component with suggestions for potential mitigating solutions. The subsequent section describes plagiarism detection software that is commonly in use across the globe including best practices on how to interpret detection results. Lastly, recommendations and calls for future research are provided.


Author(s):  
Barbara Otto ◽  
Julia Karbach

In the recent years, parental involvement in a child’s academic development has been of great scientific interest. As parental involvement is a broad term it encompasses many parental activities that need to be further specified. In line with this, no widely accepted theoretical framework of parental involvement exists so far. Moreover, in terms of assessment of parental involvement a large variety of instruments have been applied: Parental involvement has been assessed by behavioral observations, self-reports, or reports by others. In spite of a missing definition and widely accepted theoretical framework, a myriad of research has been conducted to identify determinants and correlates of parental involvement. In this context, several empirical studies have revealed that the way parents get involved in their children’s schooling depends on a diverse set of variables, which refer not only to the parents themselves, but also to the family setting and the school context. However, the main body of research has focused on the effects of parental involvement. Although it has been found to be a significant predictor for children’s academic success parental involvement also seems to show changes related to the child’s age and grade level. Moreover, the different dimensions of parental involvement seem to have differential predictive value for students’ academic outcomes. Less empirical studies have been done referring to the associations of parental involvement with academic outcomes other than performance. Moreover, the very few intercultural studies conducted in this field suggest there might be similarities but also differences between Western and Eastern parents in the way how they get involved with their children’s education. Based on the presented aspects, future research should aim at developing a consistent definition and widely accepted theoretical framework of parental involvement as well as further investigate underlying determinants and mechanisms.


Author(s):  
Madelaine Befus

This paper will provide a methodology and progress report from a multivocal thematic synthesis being conducted on an extensive, diverse body of empirical studies. The study data includes a corpus of peer-reviewed empirical literature sharing a common reference published in English between 2000 and 2014. In this study, data to be synthesized share a common reference to the Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2000) seminal paper introducing the Community of Inquiry framework, one of the most influential distance and blended learning theories published (Halverson, Graham, Spring, Drysdale, & Henrie, 2013). The study has two deliverables: 1) a multivocal thematic synthesis analysing contexts, populations, learning and teaching environments, and aspects of learning being studying through the lens of the CoI framework; and 2) an online, open, dynamic compendium of all CoI empirical research citing the Garrison et al., 2000, seminal paper. The purpose of the study is two-fold: to bring systematization and organization to a large body of research to support the work of other researchers, practitioners, and policy makers; and to provide an up-to-date methodology framework for creating an online database from large bodies of literature with a common reference. The data used in the thematic synthesis study consisted of full-text copies of peer-reviewed research articles. The data was analysed using an open, constant-comparative, three-stage thematic synthesis methodology. As the procedures used to gather, organize, and archive the data in this study could be applied to any multivocal body of research, the methodological processes was documented in detail to provide a framework for future research and may serve as an exemplar for sharing research data as an open-access resource. Cet article offrira une méthodologie et un rapport sur la progression d’une synthèse thématique multivocale en cours de réalisation sur un vaste ensemble d’études empiriques variées. Les données d’étude comprennent un corpus de documents empiriques évalués par les pairs ayant une référence commune et publiés en anglais de 2000 à 2014. Dans cette étude, les données à être synthétisées ont en commun une référence à l’article phare de Garrison, Anderson et Archer (2000) ayant introduit le cadre de la communauté d’apprentissage, l’une des théories les plus influentes publiées sur l’apprentissage à distance et l’apprentissage mixte (Halverson, Graham, Spring, Drysdale et Henrie, 2013). L’étude vise deux réalisations : 1) une synthèse thématique multivocale analysant les contextes, les populations, les environnements d’apprentissage et d’enseignement, ainsi que les aspects de l’apprentissage étudiés dans l’optique du cadre de la communauté d’apprentissage; et (2) une collection en ligne, ouverte et dynamique, de toutes les études empiriques sur la communauté d’apprentissage citant l’article fondamental de Garrison et collègues (2000). L’étude a deux raisons d’être : systématiser et organiser un vaste ensemble de documents de recherche pour appuyer le travail d’autres chercheurs, praticiens et décideurs, et fournir un cadre méthodologique mis à jour pour la création d’une base de données en ligne à partir de vastes ensembles de documents ayant une référence commune. Les données utilisées dans la synthèse thématique sont formées des textes intégraux des articles de recherche évalués par les pairs. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide d’une méthode comparative constante et ouverte de synthèse thématique en trois phases. Comme les procédures utilisées pour recueillir, organiser et archiver les données dans cette étude pourraient être appliquées à tout ensemble de documentation multivocale, les processus méthodologiques ont été documentés en détail afin de fournir un cadre pour des recherches futures et peuvent servir d’exemple pour le partage de données de recherche comme ressource ouverte.


Author(s):  
Brandi Wade Worsham

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss a multi-case study on how middle school teachers constructed understandings of their job-embedded learning experiences. The aim of the study was to explore how teachers made sense of and gave meaning to their learning experiences that occurred during the school day as they engaged in the work of being a teacher. Job-embedded learning experiences referred to any formal or informal learning opportunity that was grounded in the context of the school day and characterized by active learning and reflection. This chapter includes a detailed overview of the literature on effective professional development and the characteristics of job-embedded learning as each relates to the middle school context; the background and significance of the study; a description of the research design, methods, and procedures; a discussion of the research findings and subsequent implications for educators; and suggestions and recommendations for practice and future research.


Author(s):  
Hellström

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have shown an increased risk for violence and victimization. However, research on exposure to multiple forms of victimization in different contexts are scarce. Hence, the current aim is to review the evidence about polyvictimization among children with ASD or ADHD. PsycInfo, ERIC, ERC, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically searched until 12 March 2019 to identify empirical studies with reported prevalence rates of at least four forms of victimization among children with ASD or ADHD. A total of 6/1300 articles were included in the review, ranging in sample sizes from 92 to 4114. The reported prevalence rates for polyvictimization were 1.8% and 23.1% for children with ASD and 7.3% for children with ADHD. The results emphasize the high prevalence of violence and victimization, including polyvictimization, among children with ASD or ADHD. Polyvictimization among children with ASD or ADHD is a highly under researched area. Significant knowledge gaps and important methodological considerations that provide important implications for future research include lack of information on cyber bullying, frequency or intensity of victimization, and the failure to include children as informants and to report health outcomes associated with polyvictimization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malvika Samnani ◽  
Sujata Shahi ◽  
Manish Samnani ◽  
Kanika Nanda ◽  
Mansi Srivastava ◽  
...  

<p>Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by insufficiency in social communication and social interaction skills and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. The aim of this research was to analyze empirical studies on inclusion of children with Autism in India over the past 20 years and then propose recommendations for future research. A systematic process was used to conduct the review which included identifying the data source, assessing the quality of our studies, and drawing analysis of our findings. The result included different stakeholder’s perspectives which were parents and teachers. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0986/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>


Author(s):  
David Ison

This chapter provides a general background on the problem of plagiarism, how the Internet has been implicated as a negative influence on Academic Integrity (AI), empirical study data on the influences of the Internet on plagiarism, reasons why students may conduct plagiarism, and best practices in the use of plagiarism detection. Within the first section, three empirical studies are highlighted to indicate the actual occurrence of plagiarism in graduate education and the role the Internet may play in influencing AI. In the second section, a description of both how and why students conduct plagiarism is presented. Existing literature on the topic is explored to better inform stakeholders on the ‘why' component with suggestions for potential mitigating solutions. The subsequent section describes plagiarism detection software that is commonly in use across the globe including best practices on how to interpret detection results. Lastly, recommendations and calls for future research are provided.


Autism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Hedley ◽  
Mirko Uljarević ◽  
Lauren Cameron ◽  
Santoshi Halder ◽  
Amanda Richdale ◽  
...  

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder face significant challenges entering the workforce; yet research in this area is limited and the issues are poorly understood. In this systematic review, empirical peer-reviewed studies on employment programmes, interventions and employment-related outcomes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder over 18 years with and without intellectual disability were identified and evaluated. The review was prefaced by a summary of previous systematic reviews in the area. Web of Science, Medline, PsychINFO, ERIC and Scopus databases were systematically searched through to October 2015. From 32,829 records identified in the initial search, 10 review and 50 empirical articles, comprising N = 58,134 individuals with autism spectrum disorder, were included in the review. Selected articles were organised into the following themes: employment experiences, employment as a primary outcome, development of workplace skills, non-employment-related outcomes, assessment instruments, employer-focused and economic impact. Empirical studies were limited by poor participant characterisation, small sample size and/or a lack of randomisation and use of appropriate controls. Poor conceptualisation and measurement of outcomes significantly limited study quality and interpretation. Future research will require a multidisciplinary and multifaceted approach to explore employment outcomes on the individual, the family system, co-workers and the employer, along with the impact of individual differences on outcome.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Kouo ◽  
◽  
Alexis E. Hahn ◽  
Sarah Morton ◽  
Jay Gregorio ◽  
...  

Individuals with disabilities, including individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. With the importance of STEM skills in future employment and other disciplines, effective instructional strategies must be identified to enhance early and sustained access to STEM for students with ASD. However, the literature identifying effective STEM-specific supports and practices for this population of students is sparse and regarding engineering, there are no empirical studies that focus on teaching engineering skills to students with ASD. Therefore, the article aims to provide an overview of the available literature on the perspectives of engineering educators and suggested strategies aimed at supporting students with ASD in K-12 instruction and higher education. Additionally, recommendations regarding employment preparation and shifting the workplace environment to support individuals with ASD are presented. The available literature reveals limitations and implications for future research including the presentation of the voices of individuals with ASD across the spectrum. Furthermore, there continues to be work that must be done to prepare educators, employers, peers, and colleagues to better understand the disability and support individuals with ASD in all contexts.


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