Academic Misconduct and the Internet

Author(s):  
David Ison

This chapter provides a general background on the problem of plagiarism, how the Internet has been implicated as a negative influence on Academic Integrity (AI), empirical study data on the influences of the Internet on plagiarism, reasons why students may conduct plagiarism, and best practices in the use of plagiarism detection. Within the first section, three empirical studies are highlighted to indicate the actual occurrence of plagiarism in graduate education and the role the Internet may play in influencing AI. In the second section, a description of both how and why students conduct plagiarism is presented. Existing literature on the topic is explored to better inform stakeholders on the ‘why' component with suggestions for potential mitigating solutions. The subsequent section describes plagiarism detection software that is commonly in use across the globe including best practices on how to interpret detection results. Lastly, recommendations and calls for future research are provided.

Author(s):  
David Ison

This chapter provides a general background on the problem of plagiarism, how the Internet has been implicated as a negative influence on Academic Integrity (AI), empirical study data on the influences of the Internet on plagiarism, reasons why students may conduct plagiarism, and best practices in the use of plagiarism detection. Within the first section, three empirical studies are highlighted to indicate the actual occurrence of plagiarism in graduate education and the role the Internet may play in influencing AI. In the second section, a description of both how and why students conduct plagiarism is presented. Existing literature on the topic is explored to better inform stakeholders on the ‘why' component with suggestions for potential mitigating solutions. The subsequent section describes plagiarism detection software that is commonly in use across the globe including best practices on how to interpret detection results. Lastly, recommendations and calls for future research are provided.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Guba ◽  
Angelika Tsivinskaya

The past decade has seen extensive research carried out on the systematic causes of academic misconduct. Simultaneously, less attention has been paid to the variation in academic pathologies between research fields, as most empirical studies focus on one particular discipline. We propose that academic discipline is one of several systematic factors that might contribute to academic misbehavior. Drawing on a neo-institutional approach, we argue that on the academic periphery, the norm of textual originality has not drawn equal support across different research fields depending on its level of internationalization. Using plagiarism detection software, we analyzed 2,405 doctoral dissertations randomly selected from all dissertations defended in Russia between 2006 and 2016. We measured the globalization of each academic discipline by calculating the share of publications indexed in the global citation database in relation to overall output. Our results showed that, with an average share of detected borrowings of over 19%, the incidence of plagiarism on the academic periphery is remarkably higher than in Western countries. Overall, disciplines closely follow the pattern of higher globalization associated with a lower percentage of borrowed text. We also found that unauthorized borrowing is less prevalent at research-oriented institutions supporting global ethical standards. Our findings suggest that it might be misleading to measure the prevalence of academic misconduct on the academic periphery without paying attention to variations at the disciplinary level.


10.28945/4147 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 159-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos Rodafinos

Aim/Purpose: This paper presents some of the issues that academia faces in both the detection of plagiarism and the aftermath. The focus is on the latter, how academics and educational institutions around the world can address the challenges that follow the identification of an incident. The scope is to identify the need for and describe specific strategies to efficiently manage plagiarism incidents. Background: Plagiarism is possibly one of the major academic misconduct offences. Yet, only a portion of Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) appear to have well developed policies and procedures aimed at dealing with this issue or to follow these when required. Students who plagiarize and are not caught pose challenges for academia. Students who are caught pose equal challenges. Methodology: Following a literature review that identifies and describes the extent and the seriousness of the problem, procedures and strategies to address the issue are recommended, based on the literature and best practices. Contribution: The paper alerts academics regarding the need for the establishment of rigorous and standardized procedures to address the challenges that follow the identification of a plagiarism incident. It then describes how to streamline the process to improve consistency and reduce the errors and the effort required by academic staff. Recommendations for Practitioners: To ensure that what is expected to happen takes place, HEIs should structure the process of managing suspected plagiarism cases. Operationalization, workflow automation, diagrams that map the processes involved, clear in-formation and examples to support and help academics make informed and consistent decisions, templates to communicate with the offenders, and data-bases to record incidents for future reference are strongly recommended. Future research: This paper provides a good basis for further research that will examine the plagiarism policy, the procedures, and the outcome of employing the procedures within the faculties of a single HEI, or an empirical comparison of these across a group of HEIs. Impact on Society: Considering its potential consequences, educational institutions should strive to prevent, detect, and deter plagiarism – and any type of student misconduct. Inaction can be harmful, as it is likely that some students will not gain the appropriate knowledge that their chosen profession requires, which could put in danger both their wellbeing and the people they will later serve in their careers.


Author(s):  
Madelaine Befus

This paper will provide a methodology and progress report from a multivocal thematic synthesis being conducted on an extensive, diverse body of empirical studies. The study data includes a corpus of peer-reviewed empirical literature sharing a common reference published in English between 2000 and 2014. In this study, data to be synthesized share a common reference to the Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2000) seminal paper introducing the Community of Inquiry framework, one of the most influential distance and blended learning theories published (Halverson, Graham, Spring, Drysdale, & Henrie, 2013). The study has two deliverables: 1) a multivocal thematic synthesis analysing contexts, populations, learning and teaching environments, and aspects of learning being studying through the lens of the CoI framework; and 2) an online, open, dynamic compendium of all CoI empirical research citing the Garrison et al., 2000, seminal paper. The purpose of the study is two-fold: to bring systematization and organization to a large body of research to support the work of other researchers, practitioners, and policy makers; and to provide an up-to-date methodology framework for creating an online database from large bodies of literature with a common reference. The data used in the thematic synthesis study consisted of full-text copies of peer-reviewed research articles. The data was analysed using an open, constant-comparative, three-stage thematic synthesis methodology. As the procedures used to gather, organize, and archive the data in this study could be applied to any multivocal body of research, the methodological processes was documented in detail to provide a framework for future research and may serve as an exemplar for sharing research data as an open-access resource. Cet article offrira une méthodologie et un rapport sur la progression d’une synthèse thématique multivocale en cours de réalisation sur un vaste ensemble d’études empiriques variées. Les données d’étude comprennent un corpus de documents empiriques évalués par les pairs ayant une référence commune et publiés en anglais de 2000 à 2014. Dans cette étude, les données à être synthétisées ont en commun une référence à l’article phare de Garrison, Anderson et Archer (2000) ayant introduit le cadre de la communauté d’apprentissage, l’une des théories les plus influentes publiées sur l’apprentissage à distance et l’apprentissage mixte (Halverson, Graham, Spring, Drysdale et Henrie, 2013). L’étude vise deux réalisations : 1) une synthèse thématique multivocale analysant les contextes, les populations, les environnements d’apprentissage et d’enseignement, ainsi que les aspects de l’apprentissage étudiés dans l’optique du cadre de la communauté d’apprentissage; et (2) une collection en ligne, ouverte et dynamique, de toutes les études empiriques sur la communauté d’apprentissage citant l’article fondamental de Garrison et collègues (2000). L’étude a deux raisons d’être : systématiser et organiser un vaste ensemble de documents de recherche pour appuyer le travail d’autres chercheurs, praticiens et décideurs, et fournir un cadre méthodologique mis à jour pour la création d’une base de données en ligne à partir de vastes ensembles de documents ayant une référence commune. Les données utilisées dans la synthèse thématique sont formées des textes intégraux des articles de recherche évalués par les pairs. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide d’une méthode comparative constante et ouverte de synthèse thématique en trois phases. Comme les procédures utilisées pour recueillir, organiser et archiver les données dans cette étude pourraient être appliquées à tout ensemble de documentation multivocale, les processus méthodologiques ont été documentés en détail afin de fournir un cadre pour des recherches futures et peuvent servir d’exemple pour le partage de données de recherche comme ressource ouverte.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Loo Choo Hong ◽  
Tung Lai Cheng

The Internet opens a library of wealth to the student and educator but it also makes it easy for students to copy when writing assignments. In this paper, we will look at how Wawasan Open University implemented plagiarism-detection software in its course delivery. In 2010, the university introduced the compulsory usage of an online plagiarism-detection software known as Turnitin (Turnitin TM). Students are required to scan their assignments using the service before submitting them for grading. In this study, we observed two different course clusters; one cluster is numerically-based and the other is narrative-based. We observed the Similarity Index Report on student assignments from four courses in two programmes from the 2011 cohort. The courses are Business Accounting II, Auditing and Assurance in Malaysia, Human Resource Management, and Organisational Behaviour. Our findings suggested that plagiarism detection software can be useful for courses that require a studentto demonstrate a strong sense of originality in their assignments. Essentially, the software would provide additional advantages in any narrative management course where it is the intention of the instructor to ensure that students demonstrate a high level of creativity. However, courses that require students to conform to any regimen should not be subjected to the anti-plagiarism process as this is futile, as in the case of many numerical and mathematical courses. Courses that require a high level of verbatim citation such as law, assurance, literature and divinity would not work very well with the software. The inability of current software to differentiate between patterns and strings of plagiarism and cited work makes this exercise futile.


2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Noor Azli Ali Khan ◽  
Noor Azizi Ismail

In this study an attempt is made to provide empirical evidence on the perception of Malaysian preparers and users of corporate annual reports about selected aspects of internet financial reporting (IFR). The perception of preparers and users of corporate annual reports were solicited using a survey mailed questionnaire. The findings of this study suggested three main benefits to companies that engage in IFR are attract foreign investors, promote company wider to the public, and provide wider coverage. The findings also revealed that three main benefits to the users who collect financial information of companies via their website are increases timeliness and efficiency in obtaining financial information, makes investment decision process easier and faster, and provides information for company inexpensively. The outcome of the analysis revealed that three main factors that are perceived as important by responding firms to engage in IFR are enhance corporate image, company teller with the technology development, and competitors in the industry. The findings also suggested three factors that inhibit firms from engaging in IFR are need to keep information update to be of use, required expertise from the company, and concern over security of information. Another important result revealed that global reach and mass communication as the most important advantages from financial reporting on the Internet. Moreover, security problems are the disadvantages of placing financial information on the Internet. Finally, plausible implications of the findings of the study are then presented and areas for future research are also proposed. This study is one of the first empirical studies of the selected aspects of IFR in Malaysia. Taken together, these research outcomes make an incremental contribution to the existing literature by providing useful insights into our knowledge of IFR especially for emerging markets like Malaysia.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-242
Author(s):  
I-Chen Wu ◽  
C. Owen Lo ◽  
Kuei-Fang Tsai

Empirical studies investigating twice-exceptional students’ learning experiences and intricate needs remain scarce to date. Even though highly able learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASDs) demonstrate potential for high achievement and/or creative productivity, they also face potential psychosocial distresses such as anxiety disorders and poor self-concept. This study aimed to explore positive educational opportunities for highly able learners diagnosed with ASD. Using a success case method, the researchers invited two fifth-grade highly able learners with ASD to participate in this study. Data collection included interviews, observations, questionnaires, and supplementary artifacts. Adopting a general inductive analysis approach and a Glaserian coding paradigm, the researchers identified a core category, supportive school context (SSC), along with three subcategories: (a) curriculum flexibility, (b) strength-based approaches, and (c) safe environment. The findings could provide effective pedagogical strategies for teachers, school administrators, and parents. Furthermore, we rendered several suggestions for future research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12506
Author(s):  
Tahera Kalsoom ◽  
Shehzad Ahmed ◽  
Piyya Muhammad Rafi-ul-Shan ◽  
Muhammad Azmat ◽  
Pervaiz Akhtar ◽  
...  

The Internet of Things (IoT) has realised the fourth industrial revolution concept; however, its applications in the manufacturing industry are relatively sparse and primarily investigated without contextual peculiarities. Our research undertakes an intricate critical review to investigate significant aspects of IoT applications in the manufacturing Industry 4.0 perspective to address this gap. We adopt a systematic literature review approach by Denyer and Tranfield (2009) to carry out critical analyses that help develop future research domains based on empirical studies. We describe key knowledge gaps in the existing literature and empirical studies by exploring the main contribution categories and finding six critical differences between traditional and manufacturing Industry 4.0 and 10 enablers and 11 challenges of IoT applications. Finally, an agenda for future research is proposed with 11 research domains to focus on the recognised gaps.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Beccia

This forum will explore the extent to which theory has played a role in empirical research on Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) for young L2 learners and highlight opportunities that exist for future research. To begin, the most relevant theoretical entities to TBLT will be introduced. This theoretical background will set the stage for the subsequent section–– a review of three empirical studies on task-based learning with young L2 learners: Newton and Bui (2017), Zhu (2020), and Azkarai and Oliver (2019). Then, the three studies are discussed with regard to the role theory plays. Finally, some trends that come to light through the review of the studies are identified, and arguments are made vis-à-vis the need for more theory-driven, principled approaches to the empirical research on TBLT with children.


Author(s):  
Christina Mainka ◽  
Scott Raeburn ◽  
Shirley Earl

Research and consultations in session 2003/2004 by a University's Plagiarism Working Group uncovered a poor understanding of plagiarism and inconsistent handling procedures throughout its schools. In an effort to address both these issues, a strategic 2-year Action Plan was developed and rolled out beginning the following academic year in order to improve student support, staff awareness and more consistent practice overall. The plan included a pilot using the detection software service, Turnitin'UK, with five of the University's 14 schools. The pilot was only one of a series of university-wide deliberations, others included the revision and piloting of a University Plagiarism Code of Practice, implementation of school-based academic conduct officers, improved staff development opportunities and student support materials and events. One school in the University has served as a role model of good practice throughout. Noteworthy is the school's record keeping practice since session 2001/02 of incidences of plagiarism and other academic misconduct. In the paper we present the factors such as gender, nationality and level of study that have been found linked to the incidences of plagiarism in the school. Additionally, the role plagiarism detection software plays in addressing plagiarism is explored within the collaborative and holistic approach of the Action Plan. Finally, the challenges and resistance faced by key players throughout the implementation of the first phase of the Action Plan at the University are considered and the commitment to continuous enhancement recognised.


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