Assessment of Factors Influencing Communication in Clinical Pharmacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongning Yao ◽  
Liang Jiang ◽  
Yuankai Huang ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Yitao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Communication Quality ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Clinical Pharmacists ◽  
Organizational Constructs

This study aimed to identify and assess the factors that influence communication quality between clinical pharmacists and patients using a structural equation model based on the predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational/environmental diagnosis and evaluation–policy, regulatory, and organizational constructs in educational and ecological development model to identify the most effective path to increase their communication quality. A survey was conducted at 253 Class-A tertiary hospitals in China from March to December 2016. During on-site observations, verbal communications between clinical pharmacists ( n = 752) and patients were audio recorded, and communication quality was rated by an expert panel on an 8-item Quality of Communication Rating Scale. Clinical pharmacists completed questionnaires that examined the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that influenced communication quality. Finally, AMOS was employed to examine the relationships between the three factors and communication quality. The results indicated that all three factors positively affected communication quality, with correlation coefficients of .26, .13, and .17, respectively. The most influential predisposing factor was attitude (.77), the most influential enabling factors were self-efficacy (.71) and confidence (.72), and the most influential reinforcing factor was rewards (.74). The findings suggest that pharmacists’ attitudes toward, perceived knowledge of, and skill and confidence in communication, and the rewards offered by pharmacy management are the most influential factors that influence communication quality.

The Effect of Institutional Support on the Cultural Intelligence of Nursing Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 444-452
Author(s):  
Kanjanee Phanphairoj
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Learning Support ◽  
Extra Curricular Activities ◽  
Multicultural Experiences

Background: Cultural intelligence is important for studying, working, and living in multicultural societies. Previous studies have indicated that training and learning support are important for improving students’ cultural intelligence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of institutional support on cultural intelligence. Methods: 933 nursing students in three countries, among Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand, answered a rating scale questionnaire. A structural equation model was used to examine the effect of institutional support on cultural intelligence. Results: Institutional support had a statistically significant effect on cultural intelligence, with an effect size of 0.57. Conclusion: For promoting cultural intelligence divided into three aspects, the first concerns the implementation of multicultural experiences in curricula; the second involves extra-curricular activities for being applied in multicultural situations; and the last regards encouraging teachers to realize the importance of culture and integrating cultural content in their teaching and in the students’ learning.

scholarly journals Internal and External Influential Factors on Waste Disposal Behavior in Public Open Spaces in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pagnarith Srun ◽  
Kiyo Kurisu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Open Spaces

Over the last decade, municipal solid waste generation in Phnom Penh has increased noticeably; however, the waste management system is far from satisfactory. Considerable amount of waste is left uncollected, as well as intentionally disposed of in public open spaces. External and internal factors can trigger these problems. Possible external factors are low collection frequency, low cleaning services, and insufficient facilities such as small dumpsters. Possible internal factors, which also play an important role in this issue, include low awareness, insufficient knowledge, and low responsibility for personal waste. To examine the influences of these internal and external factors on people’s waste disposal behaviors, we selected and conducted a questionnaire survey at four sites in Phnom Penh that differ in waste collection frequency and population density. A total of 413 valid responses were obtained. We developed a structural equation model to explain people’s intentions not to dispose of waste in public open spaces. The results showed that personal and social norms, such as perception of social pressure from friends and family and from the government, had significant influences on intention, whereas the influence of external factors was much smaller.

Customer satisfaction factors of mobile commerce in Korea

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeewon Choi ◽  
Hyeonjoo Seol ◽  
Sungjoo Lee ◽  
Hyunmyung Cho ◽  
Yongtae Park
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transaction Process ◽  
Satisfaction Model ◽  
Satisfaction Factors

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to distinguish features of m‐commerce from those of e‐commerce and identify factors to influence customer satisfaction (m‐satisfaction) and loyalty (m‐loyalty) in m‐commerce by empirically‐based case study.Design/methodology/approachFirst, based on previous literature, the paper builds sets of customer satisfaction factors for both e‐commerce and m‐commerce. Second, features of m‐commerce are identified by comparing it with current e‐commerce through decision tree (DT). Third, with the derived factors from DT, significant factors and relationships among the factors, m‐satisfaction and m‐loyalty are examined by m‐satisfaction model employing structural equation model.FindingsThe paper finds that m‐commerce is partially similar in factors like “transaction process” and “customization” which lead customer satisfaction after connecting an m‐commerce site, but it has unique aspects of “content reliability”, “availability”, and “perceived price level of mobile Internet (m‐Internet)” which build customer's intention to the m‐commerce site. Through the m‐satisfaction model, “content reliability”, and “transaction process” are proven to be significantly influential factors to m‐satisfaction and m‐loyalty.Research implications/limitationsThe paper can be a meaningful step to provide empirical analysis and evaluation based on questionnaire survey targeting actual users. The research is based on a case study on digital music transaction, which is indicative, rather than general.Practical implicationsThe paper meets the needs to focus on customer under the fiercer competition in Korean m‐commerce market. It can guide those who want to initiate, move or broaden their business to m‐commerce from e‐commerce.Originality/valueThe paper develops a revised ACSI model to identify individual critical factors and the degree of effect.

scholarly journals Subhealth Risk Perception Scale: Development and Validation of a New Measure

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jiangjie Sun ◽  
Xueli Jiang ◽  
Yufei Gao ◽  
Chengsen He ◽  
Mingxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Coefficient Method

Background. To develop an individual’s physical subhealth risk perception scale and evaluate its reliability and validity, so as to provide a measurement tool for individual physical health risk. Methods. A questionnaire on the perception risk of physical subhealth was developed. Using a random sampling method, 785 people in the Anhui provincial physical examination centre were selected as the research participants. Of the questionnaires returned, 770 were valid, giving an effective rate of 98%. Firstly, the Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to study the correlation of 35 items in the initial scale, and then, polychoric factor structure analysis was carried out by using the Pratt D matrix to optimize the item structure. The Cronbach’α coefficient method was used to test the internal consistency reliability, and a structural equation model was used to explore the construct validity of the scale. The discriminant validity of the scale was obtained by factor analysis. A general linear model was used to analyse the relationship between the clinical manifestations of physical subhealth and the level of risk perception, and the convergent validity of the scale was evaluated. Results. All the data of 35 items were significantly correlated at the 0.01 level. The correlation coefficients between a1 and a2, a3 and a4, b1 and b2, b2 and b3, c4 and c5, c5 and c6, c6 and c7, c8 and c9, d1 and d2, d2 and d3, e5 and e6, g1 and g2, g2 and g3, and g2 and g4 were greater than 0.6. The items with correlation coefficients greater than 0.6 were reduced by a Pratt D matrix. The resulting physical subhealth risk perception scale covers five factors with a total of 18 items. The Cronbach’α coefficient of the scale was 0.889, and the Cronbach’α coefficients of the five factors F1-F5 were 0.780, 0.825, 0.801, 0.736, and 0.704, respectively. Structural equation model analysis showed that χ 2 / df = 3.43 , p < 0.001 , RMSEA = 0.08 , GFI = 0.88 , NFI = 0.84 , AGFI = 0.84 , and CFI = 0.88 . Factor analysis showed that factors F1–F5 had significant correlations ( p < 0.01 ), and the correlation coefficients were less than the corresponding square root value of AVE. Based on the subhealth clinical manifestations of the participants, the general linear model was used to explore the convergent validity of the scale, and the results indicated that the scale passed the convergent validity test. Conclusions. We propose a physical subhealth risk perception scale amounting to 18 items, which includes five dimensions: health knowledge (2 items), risk perception (5 items), trust selection (4 items), information channel (4 items), and social groups (3 items). The reliability and validity of the physical subhealth risk perception scale are acceptable. Applying the scale into practice has potential to improve the overall public health level.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Campus Recreation Management: A Structural Equation Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Busaba Schmidt ◽  
Tepprasit Gulthawatvichai ◽  
Silpachai Suwanthada ◽  
Prapat Laxanaphisuth
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Campus Recreation ◽  
Recreation Management ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Employee Characteristics

AbstractThis study developed and validated the consistency of a structural equation model of factors influencing the effectiveness of campus recreation management.The study involved 416 teachers and administrators, enrolled with multistage sampling in four university groups: public universities, Rajamangala University of Technology, Rajabhat University, and private universities. The data collection tool was a 5-rating-scale questionnaire. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics. The validity of the structural equation model was tested with the LISREL 8.72 software.The study proved that the structural equation model was consistent with the empirical data, with a statistical significance level of 0.05 (χThe factors influencing the effectiveness of campus recreation management ordered from the highest to lowest mean score were: organization characteristics, internal environment, employee characteristics, and managerial policies and practices. The independent variables in the structural equation model could explain 68% of the variation in the effectiveness of campus recreation management.

scholarly journals Assessing Comfort in Urban Public Spaces: A Structural Equation Model Involving Environmental Attitude and Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
You Peng ◽  
Zhikai Peng ◽  
Tao Feng ◽  
Chixing Zhong ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Environmental Perceptions ◽  
Environmental Attitude ◽  
Comfort Perception

The research of comfort in urban public spaces has become increasingly important for improving environmental quality and encouraging people spend more time in outdoor activities. Among numerous approaches to understand comfort perception, the rational indices based on heat balance theory have prevailed to guide the research and practice in urban planning, design, and management. The limitations of a solely rational index-based approach reveal the necessity for a more comprehensive understanding of comfort by considering a wider range of influential factors from both individual and environmental perspectives during the assessing process. This study conceptualizes individuals’ comfort in urban public spaces as a latent construct, which is measured by indicators regarding perceptions on multifarious meteorological variables. The conceptual framework has been introduced involving hypothetical relationships among individuals’ comfort, attitudes, and environmental perceptions in urban public spaces. A series of field work including microclimate measurements and questionnaire-based surveys were carried out in two public squares in Changsha, China. Based on the dataset derived from 372 questionnaires and related meteorological measurements, this paper examines the relationships between the physical microclimatic variables, individuals’ socio-demographical characteristics and environmental attitudes and perceptions, and outdoor comfort assessment. The estimation results of the structural equation model quantitatively verified the conceptual framework at large, as many hypothetical relationships are identified, which indicates the importance of individuals’ role and the psychological factors in modeling comfort perception. This approach improves the understanding of comfort assessment, contributes to improving the quality of urban environment and the practices of urban planning and management.

Information technology is an enabling factor affecting supply chain performance in Indian SMEs

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushanta Tripathy ◽  
Satyabrata Aich ◽  
Anurup Chakraborty ◽  
Gyu M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Supply Chain Performance ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Equation Modelling

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the success factors for supply chain in Indian small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) and establish a causal relationship among them. In the present scenario, the SMEs are under huge pressure to achieve the supply chain competitive advantage and to improve operation and logistic effectiveness and, at the same time, remain tractable to the demand uncertainty and volatility in the market. To enhance the performance of supply chain in SMEs, the managers need to identify the internal as well as the external factors that affect the supply chain performance of SMEs in India. They need to understand the causal relationship of these factors. Design/methodology/approach – There may be a number of factors that are critical for achieving acceptable supply chain performance, and these factors have been identified by principal component analysis (PCA). In all, 29 factors have been identified by using PCA and the dominating 29 factors are categorized into 6 constructs, and finally, the structural equation modelling (SEM) methodology using the AMOS 4.0 program has been adopted as the primary methodology for this paper to assess the causal relationship among six constructs. Findings – In this paper, the authors analyzed the structural relations among information technology (IT), logistic effectiveness, operational effectiveness, customer relationship, supplier relationship and SCM competitive advantage. Results indicate that IT holds the key to achieve the SCM competitive advantage in SCM practices of SMEs in India. Research limitations/implications – The proposed models for enabling factors are tested in firms with a limited numbers of factors in highly competitive environment. More factors may be incorporated, which will help for a clear understanding and establishing the causal relationship among the various enabling factors. Practical implications – Although managers of Indian SMEs are aware of various enabling factors, a systematic approach is required for identifying enabling factors, and as these factors may have complex interrelation between them for analyzing supply chain performance in SMEs, it is essential that such an approach is in place. The paper presented here will help the SMEs managers in identifying the areas in which they need to focus their attention to improve SCM practices. A structural equation modelling is developed to show the complex relationship between the factors that affect the performance. In addition to that, the proposed structural equation model acts as a good guideline to improve the performance of the supply chain in India. Originality/value – The paper provides a structural equation model to develop a map of the causal relationships and magnitude among identified enabling factors.

Emotional intelligence can make a difference: The impact of principals’ emotional intelligence on teaching strategy mediated by instructional leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjun Chen ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Instructional Leadership ◽  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports on a study that examined the effect of school principals’ emotional intelligence, and their instructional leadership, on improving teachers’ instructional strategies. A sample of 534 primary teachers from 54 primary schools in China was approached and invited to respond to a questionnaire. Structural equation modelling identified the relationships between three constructs – Wong’s Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale, and the Instructional Strategy Scale – and between the dimensional levels. The study confirmed the theoretical proposition that principals’ EI and their instructional leadership behavior are influential factors with regard to teachers’ instructional strategies. The findings are of particular interest because they include the element of emotional intelligence for improvement of teaching practice and evaluating the effectiveness of the principal.

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