scholarly journals Internal and External Influential Factors on Waste Disposal Behavior in Public Open Spaces in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pagnarith Srun ◽  
Kiyo Kurisu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Open Spaces

Over the last decade, municipal solid waste generation in Phnom Penh has increased noticeably; however, the waste management system is far from satisfactory. Considerable amount of waste is left uncollected, as well as intentionally disposed of in public open spaces. External and internal factors can trigger these problems. Possible external factors are low collection frequency, low cleaning services, and insufficient facilities such as small dumpsters. Possible internal factors, which also play an important role in this issue, include low awareness, insufficient knowledge, and low responsibility for personal waste. To examine the influences of these internal and external factors on people’s waste disposal behaviors, we selected and conducted a questionnaire survey at four sites in Phnom Penh that differ in waste collection frequency and population density. A total of 413 valid responses were obtained. We developed a structural equation model to explain people’s intentions not to dispose of waste in public open spaces. The results showed that personal and social norms, such as perception of social pressure from friends and family and from the government, had significant influences on intention, whereas the influence of external factors was much smaller.

scholarly journals People’s Tendency Toward Norm-Interventions to Tackle Waste Disposal in Public Open Spaces in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6603
Author(s):  
Pagnarith Srun ◽  
Kiyo Kurisu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Injunctive Norm ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Open Spaces

Waste disposal at undesignated sites in public open spaces causes hygiene problems, city landscape deterioration, and urban flooding in many developing countries. We used different types of norms—subjective norms, perception about government pressure as one injunctive norm, and personal norms—as interventions to promote people’s intentions to avoid disposing of waste in public open spaces. Six different statements focusing on these three norms were designed, and the residents’ tendencies to follow each statement were investigated using 15 pair-wise comparisons in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. In addition, the likely effectiveness of each statement to encourage the residents’ intentions was asked of national and local government officials using the same pair-wise questions. The results showed that residents were most likely to follow an intervention focusing on personal norms, especially when touching on people’s responsibility, and this was also perceived to be the most effective by the government officials. Social pressure from the government, either in a strict way with punishments or in a soft way with recommendations, were the least preferred and thought to be ineffective by both the residents and government officials in avoiding waste disposal in public open spaces. The result suggests that future policy implication should be more focused on bottom-up approaches rather than top-down counterparts. Voluntary civic engagement is more vital in dealing with waste disposal in public open space than government interventions.

The Empirical Analysis of Cable TV Network's Transformation under the Background of Convergence

2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 422-426
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jian Qiu Zeng ◽  
Ye Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Cable Tv ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This research focus on the influence of the network convergence to the cable TV network enterprises. Based on the literature review, status quo and case study, this research combines the collection of open questionnaires, generalizes the influencing factors of the cable TV networks transformation that involve external and internal factors. The influence of external factors is evaluated by the influence of each factor to the component elements of the model, while that of the internal factors is estimated through that to the enterprises competitive advantage. Therefore, this research establishes the structural equation model, followed by the corresponding hypotheses and tests.

scholarly journals The Intention of Using Cell Phones In Digital Banking Service Base on External Factors and Internal Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Winny Puspasari Thamrin ◽  
Kristiana Dewayani ◽  
Feny Fidyah
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Banking Service ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
And Behavior

The growing of digital services in the world of banking and the use of cellular telephones by customers, banks provide services in the form of phone and SMS banking that makes it easier for customers to transaction. The existence of digital banking makes it easy and saves time in making transactions. The purpose of this study was to examine the intention of using cell phones in digital banking services base on external factors (easiness, benefit, trust and risk) and internal factors (self efficacy and locus of control). This research model is prepared based on the concept of risk perception and behavior. Respondents in this study were 98 respondents that consist of students and employees. The sampling technique is non-random sampling. SEM model analysis techniques (structural equation model) with the help of the Lisrell 8.7 program. The results of this study indicate that the data obtained in accordance with the proposed model for both internal and external factors influence the intention of using cell phones for digital banking services.

scholarly journals The Effective Role of Internal Factors on Reconstructing Telecom Companies: The Case of Yemen Telecom

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1501
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Ahmed Al-Sharafi ◽  
Shu Tong ◽  
Abdullah Aloqab
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Government

Background: This paper highlights the effects of internal factors on restructuring state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and investigates how these factors have positive or negative effects on applying a new structure in SOEs companies. Yemen Telecom (YT) is an example of an SOE company that belongs to the government and has a social responsibility. By following scientific theories related to research’s factors, we tried to tie our hypotheses to the theories applied to make our factors near reality and be applicable in the future. Methods: In this study, we used empirical research by making an investigation by distributing a questionnaire amongst people who have a relationship with Yemen Telecom. Moreover, the structural equation model (SEM) was used in the current study as the statistical technique for the collected data. Results: The results of this study indicate that illiteracy in using the computer (IIUC) and applying the IT Software (AIS) has adverse effects on reconstructing telecom companies (RTC); also, AIS has a causality effect between illiteracy in using computers (IIUC) and RTC. Moreover, support from top management (SFTM), infrastructure (INF), and efficiency and effectiveness of managerial operations (EaE) have positive effects on RTC. Conclusions: This study concluded that IIUC, TMS, INF, and EaE have an apparent effect on RTC, and AIS has a causality effect between IIUC and RTC. Moreover, the study declares that there is less significance between AIS and RTC.

The nexus between the increasing involvement of youth in betting games and unemployment: the Nigerian perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbemi Oladipo Olaore ◽  
Bimbo Onaolapo Adejare ◽  
Ekpenyong Ekpenyong Udofia
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Youth Involvement ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Betting games have become a global industry worth billions of dollars providing employment to millions and contributing to the gross domestic product (GDP) of several countries. While there are debates and controversies surrounding betting games discourse, a growing body of literature shows that it has been exacerbated by growing unemployment rates. This paper aims to examine the nexus between the increasing involvement of youth in betting games and unemployment from the Nigerian perspective. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts simple random and stratified sampling techniques to select participants for the study. Three hypotheses were tested for this study and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The three hypotheses tested in this study were coined from previous literature. The study established a direct link between technology advancement, promises of winning big coupled with bonuses while unemployment was not significant to youth involvement in betting games. The study also showed that playing betting games provides another source of income to the youth, who are already engaged in one form of work or another. Finally, youth involvement in betting games has created awareness regarding different sports in the world, while contributing to Nigeria’s economy. Practical implications As betting games centre as a business in Nigeria has contributed substantially and positively to unemployment in Nigeria; the Government of Nigeria are encouraged to streamline and regulate the activities of the sector such that they can contribute significantly to the country GDP and provide employment opportunities to the youths. Originality/value The research shows that the reason why betting games have a massive turnaround of youths in Nigeria is not majorly because of unemployment but as another means to a substantial financial individual/family income. Thus, Nigerian youths see betting games as an avenue to make more money. The study is the first of its kind to examine the nexus between betting games, technology and unemployment hence, its contribution to knowledge.

scholarly journals PENGARUH FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL TERHADAP SIKAP DAN NIAT PEMBELIAN DARING

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorentia Shierly ◽  
Sabrina Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Web Design ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Main Factors

Online shopping has grown popularity over the years because of its convenient and can often save money for buyers. There are two main factors that can affect a person to do shopping online: internal factors and external factors. Previous research often focuses on one factor only, that is, internal or external factors in influencing online shopping. Therefore, this research attempts to integrate both internal (i.e., personal innovation and hedonic motivation) and external factors (i.e., web design and eWOM) in predicting attitude and intention to buy online. Data was collected by using questionnaires with non-probability sampling method. The number of respondents was 228 respondents. Data was then analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results showed that four out of five hypotheses are supported. Specifically, the results showed that personal innovation is not a significant predictor of attitude toward online shopping. This study also provides research limitations and suggestions for further research.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA INDUSTRI KERAJINAN BAMBU BATIK UD. BETRIS DI KELURAHAN MERAS KECAMATAN BUNAKEN KOTA MANADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Julia ., Lendombela ◽  
Melsje Y. Memah ◽  
Agnes E. Loho
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
The Government

This study aims to identify internal factors and external factors of UD Betris, as well as to determine the strategy for developing the business of bamboo batik handicraft industry UD Betris. Betris in Meras Village. This research was conducted from April to June 2018. The data used were primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained through observation and interviews which are divided into two parties, namely internal parties (business owners and labor) and external parties (local government and consumers) with 8 (eight) respondents. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from literature studies. Analysis of the data used is by using a SWOT analysis. The results showed that internal factors include: raw materials, quality of raw materials, price of raw materials, product uniqueness, business spirit and craftsman skills, product prices, product durability and quality, not having financial records, traditional production equipment, product arrangement that has not been arranged neat, promotion is not efficient, does not have a special place of business, and there is no parking space. external factors include: high market opportunities, government support, opportunities for training, opportunities to participate in exhibitions, plastic substitute goods, interest in business successors, and the existence of competitors using modern production tools. Based on the SWOT diagram, the chosen strategy is a combination of SO, namely: 1) Maintaining product quality and continuing to develop products by innovating to create bamboo handicraft products with new designs. 2) Continue to work with the government and related agencies to develop and expand marketing areas so that products are better known to local and foreign communities through training and exhibition events. *jnkd*.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KRIMINOLOGI KEJAHATAN PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA OKNUM POLISI DI JAYAPURA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sujud Sujud
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Research Data ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Murder is an inhuman crime, where the perpetrator of the crime kills with the intention of being planned in advance because it will kill other people's lives for a specific purpose, this crime is a crime of enmity between individuals and groups so that the victim is helpless, so the police investigator reveals his identity. Carefulness is needed. The problems discussed are what are the factors causing the crime of murder and how are the efforts to overcome the crime of murder. The research method used is normative juridical research. Data collection is based on literature study, based on the results of the research that the author has done, the factors that cause murder are internal and external factors. Internal factors, namely internal factors, and external factors, namely economic, environmental, and family factors. Efforts to tackle the crime of murder, namely penal and non-penal measures, are efforts to reduce the space for movement and opportunities for the committing of crimes. The suggestion in this research is that there is a need for cooperation between legal institutions and the government through police and military officers to prevent and cope with future premeditated murder, prosecutors and judges are requested to be able to prosecute and impose the maximum possible punishment on the perpetrators of the murder guided by the Criminal Code.

scholarly journals The Antecedent of Customer Satisfaction and Its Impact on Customer Retention in Tourism as Hospitality Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andala Rama Putra Barusman ◽  
Evelin Putri Rulian ◽  
Susanto Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Customer Retention ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Taking a case study of tourism as hospitality industry in Lampung Province in Indonesia, we analyze the antecedent of customer satisfaction and its impact on customer retention. Using Structural Equation Model (SEM), we find that customer relationship management has a significant impact on service quality, customer satisfaction and customer retention. Moreover, the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction and the one of customer satisfaction on customer retention are also significant. Relying on the findings, we recommend some strategies for the government of Lampung Province, e.g. training local people to behave more friendly in welcoming domestic or international tourists, fixing all lodging facilities, creating more souvenirs with Lampung’s ornaments and developing management system adopting global changes in technology, communication and trend.

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