Canadian portrait of changes in family structure and preschool children’s behavioral outcomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gosselin ◽  
Elisa Romano ◽  
Tessa Bell ◽  
Lyzon Babchishin ◽  
Isabelle Hudon-ven der Buhs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Family Composition ◽  
Family Transition ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Outcomes Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
A Current

Whereas US-based data have contributed to our understanding of family composition changes over the last decades, data on Canadian families are limited, and previous studies have stressed the need for in depth, longitudinal investigations. This article begins to fill this gap in the literature by providing a current and detailed portrait of family composition changes from 1996 to 2008 (Study 1). Additionally, we performed an analysis of the role of specific child, parent and family characteristics, in interaction with family composition and family transition, in predicting pre-school children’s behavioral outcomes (Study 2). Using nationally-representative Canadian data collected from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), we focus our inquiry on a mean sample for 0–5-year-olds of 2,866 children at cycle 8 (2008). Results show increases in non-traditional family households over time, as well as significant relationships between child characteristics, household characteristics, and family processes in predicting three behavioral outcomes: emotional problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and physical aggression.

The Role of the Family in Asian American Juvenile Delinquency

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh-Luu Huynh-Hohnbaum
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nationally Representative

Using the family delinquency theory as a framework, this study explores family characteristics as predictors for delinquent acts against property and persons by AAPI adolescents. The weighted survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health is a nationally representative sample of seventh to twelfth graders. Parental monitoring served as a protective factor for delinquent acts against property. Family structure was a predictive factor for delinquent acts against persons. Overall, the findings partially supported the family delinquency theory, underscoring the importance of developing culturally appropriate theories. Implications for the development of intervention and prevention programs are discussed.

Role of Regulatory Acts in Creation of a Democratic State

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
R. F.o. Veliev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Norm ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
A Current

A current theoretical and practical legal basis for creation of regulatory acts in the Russian Federation is discussed. A current relationship between the issued regulatory acts and some criteria of legal norm classification is shown. Legalization of the President address to the Parliament of the Russian Federation as a substantial element of the legal norm-making in a democratic state is revealed.

Audit Reviewers' Judgments in Multiple Client Audit Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Bhattacharjee ◽  
Mario J. Maletta ◽  
Kimberly K. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACT This study replicates Bhattacharjee, Maletta, and Moreno (2007), who find that audit preparers are susceptible to contrast effects in a multi-client environment. We demonstrate that auditors in the role of reviewers are also susceptible to contrast effects from a prior client. Audit reviewers' assessments of internal audit quality of a current client were significantly affected by the quality of the internal audit group of a client they previously reviewed. Specifically, when auditors first reviewed a client with a weak internal audit group they assessed the subsequent moderate internal audit group as being of higher quality than when they first reviewed a prior client with a strong internal audit group or did not review a prior client. Reviewers' documentation of evidence was also influenced by comparative information from the prior client. These results corroborate the key findings of Bhattacharjee et al. (2007) and confirm audit reviewers' susceptibility to contrast effects.

Magnesium and Hearing

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 202-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Cevette ◽  
Jürgen Vormann ◽  
Kay Franz
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Noise Damage ◽  
Susceptibility To Noise ◽  
Major Progress ◽  
A Current ◽  
Putative Mechanism ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The last several decades have revealed clinical and experimental data regarding the importance of magnesium (Mg) in hearing. Increased susceptibility to noise damage, ototoxicity, and auditory hyperexcitibility are linked to states of Mg deficiency. Evidence for these processes has come slowly and direct effects have remained elusive because plasma Mg levels do not always correlate with its deficiency. Despite the major progress in the understanding of cochlear mechanical and auditory nerve function, the neurochemical and pharmacologic role of Mg is not clear. The putative mechanism suggests that Mg deficiency may contribute to a metabolic cellular cascade of events. Mg deficiency leads to an increased permeability of the calcium channel in the hair cells with a consequent over influx of calcium, an increased release of glutamate via exocytosis, and over stimulation of NMDA receptors on the auditory nerve. This paper provides a current overview of relevant Mg metabolism and deficiency and its influence on hearing.

Early Adverse Childhood Experiences and Self-Control Development among Youth in Fragile Families

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2199637
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Jones ◽  
Hayley Pierce ◽  
Constance L. Chapple
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Using Data

Though considerable research links both a lack of self-control and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a variety of negative health and behavioral outcomes, few studies to date have explored whether ACEs are associated with deficits in self-control. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,444) and a life course theoretical framework, this study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining the relationships between individual ACEs, cumulative ACEs, timing of ACEs, and durations of early ACEs and self-control development among youth. Our results indicate that as the number of ACEs (by age 5) experienced incrementally increases, the likelihood of reported self-control decreases. Moreover, when it comes to the timing and duration of ACE exposure, ACEs that are high but late, intermittent, or chronically high significantly decrease self-control. Based on our findings, researchers should continue to explore the role of ACEs in youth self-control development.

Changing the Composition of Beginning Teachers: The Role of State Alternative Certification Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 089590482110156
Author(s):  
Christopher Redding
Keyword(s):  
Beginning Teachers ◽  
Alternative Certification ◽  
New Teachers ◽  
State Level ◽  
Schools And Staffing Survey ◽  
Selective Colleges ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Alternate Routes ◽  
The Relationship

Drawing on nationally representative data from six cohorts of beginning teachers from the Schools and Staffing Survey and the National Teacher and Principal Survey, this study applies a difference-in-differences research design to examine the relationship between changes to state-level alternative certification policies and the characteristics of new teachers. The introduction of alternate routes into teaching is associated with an increase in the fraction of new teachers of color in a state and the new teachers who graduated from selective colleges. No evidence was found of a relationship with the relative share of male teachers or teachers of in-demand subjects.

scholarly journals Job Seekers’ Self-Directed Learning Activities Explained Through the Lens of Regulatory Focus

2021 ◽  
pp. 089484532199164
Author(s):  
Adam M. Kanar ◽  
Dave Bouckenooghe
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Job Searching

This study aimed to understand the role of regulatory focus for influencing self-directed learning activities during a job search. The authors surveyed 185 job-searching university students at two time points to explore the conditions under which regulatory focus (promotion and prevention foci) impacts self-directed learning activities and the number of employment interviews secured. Both promotion and prevention foci showed significant relationships with self-directed learning activities and number of interviews, and positive and negative affect partially mediated these relationships. The relationships between both regulatory focus strategies and self-directed learning were also contingent on self-efficacy. More specifically, prevention focus and self-directed learning showed a positive relationship for job seekers with high levels of self-efficacy but a negative one for job seekers with low levels of self-efficacy. This research extends the understanding of the role of regulatory focus in the context of self-directed learning during a job search. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Risk Preferences in Responses to Messaging About COVID-19 Vaccine Take-Up

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062199962
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Trueblood ◽  
Abigail B. Sussman ◽  
Daniel O’Leary
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Nationally Representative

Development of an effective COVID-19 vaccine is widely considered as one of the best paths to ending the current health crisis. While the ability to distribute a vaccine in the short-term remains uncertain, the availability of a vaccine alone will not be sufficient to stop disease spread. Instead, policy makers will need to overcome the additional hurdle of rapid widespread adoption. In a large-scale nationally representative survey ( N = 34,200), the current work identifies monetary risk preferences as a correlate of take-up of an anticipated COVID-19 vaccine. A complementary experiment ( N = 1,003) leverages this insight to create effective messaging encouraging vaccine take-up. Individual differences in risk preferences moderate responses to messaging that provides benchmarks for vaccine efficacy (by comparing it to the flu vaccine), while messaging that describes pro-social benefits of vaccination (specifically herd immunity) speeds vaccine take-up irrespective of risk preferences. Findings suggest that policy makers should consider risk preferences when targeting vaccine-related communications.

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